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The document outlines key inventions and developments during the Industrial Revolution, including the enclosure of public lands, growth of cities, inventions like the spinning jenny and cotton gin that mechanized production, the development of steam power, new transportation technologies like steamships and locomotives, and economic theories from Adam Smith on capitalism to Karl Marx on socialism. It also discusses responses to early industrialization like labor unions and laws regulating child labor and working conditions.
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Capitalism and the industrial revolution
The document summarizes the development of capitalism during the Industrial Revolution. It began in England in the 1700s due to natural resources like water power, coal, and iron that fueled the new machines. Adam Smith's ideas in The Wealth of Nations supported a free market economy and laissez-faire capitalism. Private ownership replaced feudal systems and created global trade, new inventions, and changes to transportation and industry that spread industrialization worldwide in the late 1800s.
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The document provides background information on factors that caused peasants in England to leave their homes during the Industrial Revolution, key ideas from Adam Smith and the Wealth of Nations, key ideas from Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and the Communist Manifesto, definitions of imperialism and colonialism.
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Industrial Revolution inventions
This document provides information on several important inventions from the Industrial Revolution. It describes the seed drill, which mechanized planting and increased crop yields; the lightning rod, which Benjamin Franklin invented to protect buildings from lightning strikes; the spinning jenny, which allowed weaving of multiple threads at once and increased textile production; the steam engine, which James Watt improved and powered factories; the cotton gin, which Eli Whitney invented to speed up cotton cleaning; and Alexander Graham Bell's telephone from 1876, which allowed transmission of voices over wires. The document encourages noting additional inventions for extra credit.
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Europeans colonized parts of Asia, Africa and the Americas in the late 15th-16th centuries to gain control over the production and trade of valuable commodities like sugar, cotton, tobacco, and to reduce risks and create monopolies for profit. Colonies provided cheap resources and markets for manufactured goods, and were a source of national prestige in the "race for empire" among European powers. By the 18th century, the major colonial powers were Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, and later Germany and Russia, competing violently at times over territories and trade.
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This photograph shows British soldiers standing guard over indigenous Fijians in the late 19th century. After declaring Fiji a crown colony in 1874, Britain imposed direct rule over the islands and their peoples. The British colonial administration sought to assert control and quell any resistance to their imperial domination. Indigenous Fijians lost their sovereignty and autonomy as the British Empire extended its political and economic control over their lands.
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Here is another creative presentation by your slide maker on the topic “INVENTION AND INNOVATION DUE TO INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION". Hope you like it. If you like it then please, *like*, *Download* and *Share*. By- Slide_maker4u (Abhishek Sharma) *******For presentation Orders, contact me on the Email addresses Written below
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The document summarizes the development of capitalism during the Industrial Revolution. It began in England in the 1700s due to natural resources like water power, coal, and iron that fueled the new machines. Adam Smith's ideas in The Wealth of Nations supported a free market economy and laissez-faire capitalism. Private ownership replaced feudal systems and created global trade, new inventions, and changes to transportation and industry that spread industrialization worldwide in the late 1800s.
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The document provides background information on factors that caused peasants in England to leave their homes during the Industrial Revolution, key ideas from Adam Smith and the Wealth of Nations, key ideas from Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and the Communist Manifesto, definitions of imperialism and colonialism.
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The rise of industrial capitalism in the U.S. from 1870-1920 was not due to a free market, but significant government intervention. The government subsidized railroads, passed laws allowing incorporation with limited liability, helped crush labor strikes, enacted high tariffs, and used the military to remove Native Americans from lands - all to encourage business growth. Industrialization transformed the economy, with manufacturing jobs rising from 29% to 44% of the workforce over this period. New technologies revolutionized industries like steel, oil, automobiles and more. However, the myth that industries developed freely in a free market is untrue, as the government played a major role in stimulating industrial and economic development.
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Adam Smith's ideas in The Wealth of Nations influenced the development of capitalism during the Industrial Revolution. He believed in free markets and that economic liberty guaranteed progress. Competition forces businesses to make better products at lower prices according to the laws of self-interest, supply and demand, and competition. Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo built on Smith's ideas and opposed government assistance to workers. Under capitalism, private individuals and businesses own property and means of production, and progress results from self-interest and competition between businesses. This system replaced feudalism and helped bring about the Industrial Revolution through investment, increased production, trade, transportation innovations, and changes in industries.
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This document provides information on several important inventions from the Industrial Revolution. It describes the seed drill, which mechanized planting and increased crop yields; the lightning rod, which Benjamin Franklin invented to protect buildings from lightning strikes; the spinning jenny, which allowed weaving of multiple threads at once and increased textile production; the steam engine, which James Watt improved and powered factories; the cotton gin, which Eli Whitney invented to speed up cotton cleaning; and Alexander Graham Bell's telephone from 1876, which allowed transmission of voices over wires. The document encourages noting additional inventions for extra credit.
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Europeans colonized parts of Asia, Africa and the Americas in the late 15th-16th centuries to gain control over the production and trade of valuable commodities like sugar, cotton, tobacco, and to reduce risks and create monopolies for profit. Colonies provided cheap resources and markets for manufactured goods, and were a source of national prestige in the "race for empire" among European powers. By the 18th century, the major colonial powers were Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, and later Germany and Russia, competing violently at times over territories and trade.
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Here is one possible text that could go with this image:
This photograph shows British soldiers standing guard over indigenous Fijians in the late 19th century. After declaring Fiji a crown colony in 1874, Britain imposed direct rule over the islands and their peoples. The British colonial administration sought to assert control and quell any resistance to their imperial domination. Indigenous Fijians lost their sovereignty and autonomy as the British Empire extended its political and economic control over their lands.
This image connects to imperialism and colonialism by depicting the subjugation of indigenous peoples under European colonial rule. The presence of armed British soldiers visually represents the military dominance that colonial powers like Britain exerted over colonized nations and territories. It illustrates how imperialism
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The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread across Europe, transforming economies from agriculture-based to industrialized. New technologies like the steam engine powered factories where workers labored under difficult conditions. This led to the rise of organized labor movements seeking better treatment. Art styles also changed to reflect industrial and working class themes, like Realism highlighting everyday lives. Overall, the period marked massive social, economic and technological changes in Europe.
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The document summarizes the major developments of the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century. It discusses factors like population growth, agricultural advances, and global trade that set the stage. Key inventions like the spinning jenny, steam engine, canals, and railroads drove the first industrialization in Britain. The industrialization process then spread to other countries in the 19th century and led to rapid urbanization, changes in social classes, and debates around workers' conditions and the rise of socialism.
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The industrial revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century, driven by new inventions and technologies. Water power and steam power allowed factories to mechanize production using machines instead of manual labor. This led to a shift from small cottage industries to large factories. While factories improved productivity, they also subjected many workers, including women and children, to long hours in dangerous conditions for low wages. This led to social unrest and the rise of labor unions seeking better conditions. Debates emerged around appropriate roles for government and capitalism in addressing these social issues.
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The Industrial Revolution transformed the economies and societies of Western Europe and North America between the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Key developments included the increased use of steam power and mechanization in textile manufacturing. In England, the Enclosure Movement consolidated land under private ownership, disrupting traditional farming systems but increasing agricultural productivity. However, enclosure also resulted in increased poverty, depopulation of rural areas, and homelessness as many lost access to common lands. The factory system became dominant, concentrating labor and production. While innovation drove economic growth, industrialization also brought harsh working conditions, the use of child labor, and little power for workers.
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The industrial revolution was caused by several factors: 1) Population increase in Europe due to improved nutrition led to higher demand for goods; 2) Adam Smith's philosophy of laissez-faire capitalism removed barriers for factory owners; 3) A new banking system provided financing for industry. Effects included: 1) Cottage industries transitioned to factories using machines like the sewing machine; 2) Workers' movements like Chartism demanded political reforms; 3) Nationalism and imperialism fueled expansion overseas to find new markets and resources. The factory acts were passed to regulate child labor and working conditions.
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This document provides an overview of key historical periods and events related to industrialization between the Renaissance and early 1900s. It includes sections on nationalism, revolution, arts, and imperialism. There are questions and summaries on factors driving British industrialization like natural resources, expanding economies, and the use of machines. It also summarizes working conditions during the Industrial Revolution as dangerous with long hours and child labor. Lastly, it outlines perspectives on capitalism from Adam Smith and Karl Marx, and social reforms around unions, children, slavery, and women's rights in response to industrialization.
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This document provides an international perspective on open educational resources (OER). It discusses how the concept of intellectual property originated in the late 1960s rather than being based on natural law. Industries have existed for centuries without intellectual property protections, such as for car bodies, furniture, and clothing designs. The document also summarizes the history and purpose of copyright law through figures such as Queen Anne and President James Madison, noting it was intended to promote learning and progress rather than be considered a property right. Additionally, the Canadian Supreme Court has ruled that fair dealing provisions for copyright should be given a broad interpretation.
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The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and brought about immense changes through new technologies. Innovations like the steam engine, cotton gin, and other machinery allowed for factories and mass production. This increased productivity and the supply of goods. New ideas in economics also fueled change, including capitalism and laissez-faire policies promoting private ownership and limited government interference. Britain was well-positioned to lead the revolution due to its natural resources, entrepreneurial spirit, and agricultural increases that swelled the labor force. These converging factors powered Britain's rise as the world's first industrialized nation.
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The Industrial Revolution occurred between the 18th and 19th centuries where there were changes from agriculture to industry. Britain was the first to industrialize, followed by Germany, the United States, Japan, and France. This led to urbanization as people migrated from rural to urban areas in search of work in the new factories and industries. Textiles were among the first industries to boom during this period due to inventions like the cotton gin, loom, and steam engine, which provided power. The steam engine was improved by James Watt. The Bessemer process made steel production cheaper. Pasteurization, invented by Louis Pasteur, made milk safer by killing bacteria. Thomas Edison significantly contributed to the Industrial Revolution with
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The document discusses the origins and early development of the Industrial Revolution in Europe. It notes that prior to industrialization, most people worked in agriculture. The emergence of colonialism and capitalism helped drive industrialization. Early factories producing cotton emerged in the 1730s in England. Richard Arkwright established the first cotton mill, bringing production under one roof. However, industrialization spread gradually and traditional industries remained important for some time. Hand labor remained common where specialized goods were needed. Mechanization increased but industrialists were cautious about new technologies.
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The document discusses the four industrial revolutions:
1) The first industrial revolution began around 1760 and was driven by inventions like the flying shuttle and spinning jenny that mechanized textile production. It transitioned production methods from hand tools to machines powered by steam.
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The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other countries like Germany and the United States. It was driven by new inventions that enabled factories and mass production, like the steam engine. This led many people to migrate from rural farms to cities to work in the new factories. Textiles were an early industry to boom with inventions like the cotton gin and powered looms. The revolution transformed economies and societies through industrialization and urbanization.
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The Industrial Revolution occurred between the late 18th and 19th centuries, beginning in Britain and spreading worldwide. It brought machinery, steam power, and factories that enabled mass production. This led to urbanization as many moved from rural to urban areas for work in the new factories. Advances like the steam engine, cotton gin, and loom boosted industries like textiles. New processes also emerged, such as Bessemer steel production and pasteurization, while inventors including Thomas Edison and Louis Pasteur made many innovations.
The industrial revolutions
hi guys and girls this ppt will help you to know what is industrial revolution and how it is effecting India before and after independence .
thankyou
Industrial revolution
I made this presentation to specifically cover why Industrial revolution started, causes of Industrial revolution, major inventions, effects - both positive and negative and industrial revolution today.
The industrial revolution
A docuement based on Industrial revolution, origins of movement, Important technological developments, Social effects, Impact on women and family life, food and nutrition, transfer of knowlege, concluding thoughts
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Late 18th century France had economic advantages over Britain including the Napoleonic Code, communal laws, free contracts, and established technical schools. However, years of war led to heavy debts, unemployment, and risk-averse businessmen. In contrast, Britain saw advantages from the Enclosure Movement, which consolidated small landholdings, the growth of metal and wool industries, and an early transportation infrastructure of canals. Coal mining expanded dramatically in the 1800s, fueling industries and providing jobs despite child labor and dangerous conditions. The factory system concentrated production but offered rigid schedules and dangerous conditions for workers. Industrialization led to new urban areas and worker housing but also problems with pollution and poverty.
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This document provides specifications for the ACPL-C87B/C87A/C870 precision optically isolated voltage sensor. It includes:
- Key features such as high input impedance, wide operating temperature range, and small package size.
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The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread across Europe, transforming economies from agriculture-based to industrialized. New technologies like the steam engine powered factories where workers labored under difficult conditions. This led to the rise of organized labor movements seeking better treatment. Art styles also changed to reflect industrial and working class themes, like Realism highlighting everyday lives. Overall, the period marked massive social, economic and technological changes in Europe.
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The document summarizes the major developments of the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century. It discusses factors like population growth, agricultural advances, and global trade that set the stage. Key inventions like the spinning jenny, steam engine, canals, and railroads drove the first industrialization in Britain. The industrialization process then spread to other countries in the 19th century and led to rapid urbanization, changes in social classes, and debates around workers' conditions and the rise of socialism.
WHchap25 student
The industrial revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century, driven by new inventions and technologies. Water power and steam power allowed factories to mechanize production using machines instead of manual labor. This led to a shift from small cottage industries to large factories. While factories improved productivity, they also subjected many workers, including women and children, to long hours in dangerous conditions for low wages. This led to social unrest and the rise of labor unions seeking better conditions. Debates emerged around appropriate roles for government and capitalism in addressing these social issues.
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The Industrial Revolution transformed the economies and societies of Western Europe and North America between the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Key developments included the increased use of steam power and mechanization in textile manufacturing. In England, the Enclosure Movement consolidated land under private ownership, disrupting traditional farming systems but increasing agricultural productivity. However, enclosure also resulted in increased poverty, depopulation of rural areas, and homelessness as many lost access to common lands. The factory system became dominant, concentrating labor and production. While innovation drove economic growth, industrialization also brought harsh working conditions, the use of child labor, and little power for workers.
Pbafinal
The industrial revolution was caused by several factors: 1) Population increase in Europe due to improved nutrition led to higher demand for goods; 2) Adam Smith's philosophy of laissez-faire capitalism removed barriers for factory owners; 3) A new banking system provided financing for industry. Effects included: 1) Cottage industries transitioned to factories using machines like the sewing machine; 2) Workers' movements like Chartism demanded political reforms; 3) Nationalism and imperialism fueled expansion overseas to find new markets and resources. The factory acts were passed to regulate child labor and working conditions.
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This document provides an overview of key historical periods and events related to industrialization between the Renaissance and early 1900s. It includes sections on nationalism, revolution, arts, and imperialism. There are questions and summaries on factors driving British industrialization like natural resources, expanding economies, and the use of machines. It also summarizes working conditions during the Industrial Revolution as dangerous with long hours and child labor. Lastly, it outlines perspectives on capitalism from Adam Smith and Karl Marx, and social reforms around unions, children, slavery, and women's rights in response to industrialization.
Copyright history
This document provides an international perspective on open educational resources (OER). It discusses how the concept of intellectual property originated in the late 1960s rather than being based on natural law. Industries have existed for centuries without intellectual property protections, such as for car bodies, furniture, and clothing designs. The document also summarizes the history and purpose of copyright law through figures such as Queen Anne and President James Madison, noting it was intended to promote learning and progress rather than be considered a property right. Additionally, the Canadian Supreme Court has ruled that fair dealing provisions for copyright should be given a broad interpretation.
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The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and brought about immense changes through new technologies. Innovations like the steam engine, cotton gin, and other machinery allowed for factories and mass production. This increased productivity and the supply of goods. New ideas in economics also fueled change, including capitalism and laissez-faire policies promoting private ownership and limited government interference. Britain was well-positioned to lead the revolution due to its natural resources, entrepreneurial spirit, and agricultural increases that swelled the labor force. These converging factors powered Britain's rise as the world's first industrialized nation.
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An overview of the causes of the Industrial Revolution, early effects, key inventions, and why Britain was first to industrialize.
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The Industrial Revolution occurred between the 18th and 19th centuries where there were changes from agriculture to industry. Britain was the first to industrialize, followed by Germany, the United States, Japan, and France. This led to urbanization as people migrated from rural to urban areas in search of work in the new factories and industries. Textiles were among the first industries to boom during this period due to inventions like the cotton gin, loom, and steam engine, which provided power. The steam engine was improved by James Watt. The Bessemer process made steel production cheaper. Pasteurization, invented by Louis Pasteur, made milk safer by killing bacteria. Thomas Edison significantly contributed to the Industrial Revolution with
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The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other parts of the world. It transformed manufacturing from small-scale production done by hand to large-scale production using machines powered by steam engines fueled by coal. This required a reliable source of raw materials, capital, labor, and markets. The Industrial Revolution improved transportation but also led to unsafe working conditions, pollution, and wealth inequality between the new industrialists and the workers. Reforms were eventually implemented to address some of the negative social impacts.
Chapter 14 north and south
The document summarizes how new inventions and technologies transformed manufacturing, farming, and transportation in the North during this time period. Key inventions included the sewing machine, steel plow, mechanical reaper, telegraph, and steam-powered locomotive. These innovations increased productivity but railroads initially faced problems with safety, reliability and resistance from competing industries. Railroads and clipper ships then helped grow Northern commerce by connecting cities and markets and increasing trade overseas, while steam power allowed factories to be built anywhere.
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The document discusses the origins and early development of the Industrial Revolution in Europe. It notes that prior to industrialization, most people worked in agriculture. The emergence of colonialism and capitalism helped drive industrialization. Early factories producing cotton emerged in the 1730s in England. Richard Arkwright established the first cotton mill, bringing production under one roof. However, industrialization spread gradually and traditional industries remained important for some time. Hand labor remained common where specialized goods were needed. Mechanization increased but industrialists were cautious about new technologies.
Industrial revolutions
The document discusses the four industrial revolutions:
1) The first industrial revolution began around 1760 and was driven by inventions like the flying shuttle and spinning jenny that mechanized textile production. It transitioned production methods from hand tools to machines powered by steam.
2) The second industrial revolution from 1870-1914 introduced technologies like electricity, mass production techniques, and machine tools that further drove industrialization.
3) The third industrial revolution from the 1980s saw the rise of digital technologies and automation through robots replacing physical labor.
4) The ongoing fourth industrial revolution since 2015 is characterized by emerging technologies fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds through advances in areas like artificial intelligence, robotics,
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The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other countries like Germany and the United States. It was driven by new inventions that enabled factories and mass production, like the steam engine. This led many people to migrate from rural farms to cities to work in the new factories. Textiles were an early industry to boom with inventions like the cotton gin and powered looms. The revolution transformed economies and societies through industrialization and urbanization.
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The Industrial Revolution occurred between the late 18th and 19th centuries, beginning in Britain and spreading worldwide. It brought machinery, steam power, and factories that enabled mass production. This led to urbanization as many moved from rural to urban areas for work in the new factories. Advances like the steam engine, cotton gin, and loom boosted industries like textiles. New processes also emerged, such as Bessemer steel production and pasteurization, while inventors including Thomas Edison and Louis Pasteur made many innovations.
The industrial revolutions
hi guys and girls this ppt will help you to know what is industrial revolution and how it is effecting India before and after independence .
thankyou
Industrial revolution
I made this presentation to specifically cover why Industrial revolution started, causes of Industrial revolution, major inventions, effects - both positive and negative and industrial revolution today.
The industrial revolution
A docuement based on Industrial revolution, origins of movement, Important technological developments, Social effects, Impact on women and family life, food and nutrition, transfer of knowlege, concluding thoughts
Industrialization
Late 18th century France had economic advantages over Britain including the Napoleonic Code, communal laws, free contracts, and established technical schools. However, years of war led to heavy debts, unemployment, and risk-averse businessmen. In contrast, Britain saw advantages from the Enclosure Movement, which consolidated small landholdings, the growth of metal and wool industries, and an early transportation infrastructure of canals. Coal mining expanded dramatically in the 1800s, fueling industries and providing jobs despite child labor and dangerous conditions. The factory system concentrated production but offered rigid schedules and dangerous conditions for workers. Industrialization led to new urban areas and worker housing but also problems with pollution and poverty.
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- Recommended operating conditions and absolute maximum ratings.
- Safety and regulatory approval information for worldwide use.
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The industrial-revolution
The Industrial Revolution transformed Britain from a largely agricultural society to an industrialized one between 1750-1850. New technologies like the steam engine and mechanized textile manufacturing enabled a shift from domestic production to factory production. This increased agricultural productivity led to a population boom, providing a large workforce for the new factories. While industrialization brought economic growth and innovations, it also resulted in poor working conditions, urbanization, and social/economic inequality that sparked labor reforms and ideological movements such as socialism and communism.
The industrial-revolution
The Industrial Revolution transformed Britain from a largely agricultural society to an industrialized one between the late 18th and early 19th centuries. New technologies like the steam engine and mechanized textile manufacturing led people to move from rural areas to cities where factories were located. This rapid urbanization strained city infrastructure and living conditions, with overcrowded slums and poor sanitation. While factory owners profited, workers faced long hours, dangerous conditions, low pay, and few rights. The Revolution also brought new ideas about economics, politics, and society that still influence the modern world.
Capitalism and the Industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in England in the 1700s, fueled by factors like coal deposits, cotton imports, and a commercial class willing to invest. New technologies like the spinning jenny and flying shuttle automated textile production. Adam Smith's theory of laissez-faire capitalism and the "invisible hand" argued that free markets would maximize economic growth through competition and self-interest. Figures like Malthus and Ricardo expanded on these ideas, laying the foundation for industrial capitalism.
Ap ch.17 industrial supremacy
The US became the largest industrial nation between 1860-1900 due to several key factors: cheap labor, natural resources, transportation infrastructure like railroads, new technologies/inventions, and minimal government intervention/low taxes (laissez-faire policies). Major industrialists like Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Ford exploited economies of scale through practices like vertical/horizontal integration and scientific management, leading to consolidation of entire industries under monopolies or trusts which critics argued threatened democratic ideals. Supporters claimed this system rewarded hard work and innovation as per Social Darwinism, while philanthropic acts by industrialists aimed to soften criticism.
Ap ch.17 industrial supremacy
The US became the largest industrial nation between 1860-1900 due to several key factors: cheap labor, natural resources, transportation infrastructure like railroads, new technologies/inventions, and an entrepreneurial spirit. While the government pursued laissez-faire policies with low taxes and few regulations, large corporations consolidated power through practices like vertical and horizontal integration. This concentration of industry led some to criticize the capitalist system as threatening democratic ideals, though supporters argued it was a natural outcome of competition and social Darwinism.
Ch9 Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 1700s and brought about widespread changes through new technologies like the steam engine and factories. Inventions like the cotton gin and innovations in iron and steel production accelerated industrialization. New methods of production like interchangeable parts and the assembly line increased efficiency. Mass production led to the rise of big businesses and corporations. These changes transformed economies and societies around the world and created a new middle class.
The industrial-revolution
The Industrial Revolution transformed Britain from a largely agrarian society to an industrialized one between 1750-1850. New farming techniques increased food production, allowing the population to grow. Many moved to cities for factory work, living in poor conditions. Britain was well-suited for industrialization due to its natural resources like coal and iron, as well as economic and political stability. New technologies like the steam engine drove industrial growth. While some prospered, many workers faced long hours, low pay, and unsafe conditions, leading to social unrest and calls for reform.
Industrial revolution
The document summarizes key aspects and events of the Industrial Revolution, including:
1) It began in Britain in the late 18th century and was driven by the introduction of machinery and new industrial processes.
2) There was large-scale migration from rural to urban areas as people moved to cities for work in the new factories.
3) Important innovations like the cotton gin, steam engine, and Bessemer process transformed industries like textiles and steel production and helped enable other industrial advances.
Industrial Revolution
- The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1750s due to several factors: population growth which increased demand for goods and provided more workers, agricultural improvements which increased food production and displaced rural workers, technological progress such as steam power, and favorable political and economic conditions.
- Industrialization transformed Britain into a capitalist industrial society with new social classes including industrial workers who faced difficult working conditions and the rise of social movements seeking better treatment of workers.
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other parts of the world. It transformed economies and societies as new inventions like the steam engine powered factories and mass production. This led people to migrate from rural areas to cities to find work in the new factories. While overall living standards increased, industrialization initially resulted in difficult working conditions like long hours, child labor, and unsafe environments. Over time, reforms improved conditions through laws and the rise of labor unions.
Industrialism
1. The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 1700s and transformed their economy through new inventions, use of steam power, and factory systems of production.
2. Key inventions like the steam engine and textile machinery allowed production to be powered and scaled up, leading people to move to cities and work in factories.
3. Britain was well positioned for industrialization due to available natural resources, capital from bankers, entrepreneurship, and government policies that supported industry.
Hogan's History- Gilded Age
The Gilded Age refers to the late 1800s, which saw a rise in wealth from industrialization but also growing social problems. Major characteristics included privately owned factories subject to government rules, and the rise of large corporations owned by shareholders. Robber barons like Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Vanderbilt amassed huge fortunes and monopolies in industries like oil, steel, and railroads. The period was characterized by laissez-faire policies but also saw tensions between big business, labor unions, and reformers. Inventions like the telephone, light bulb, and film camera transformed society.
Ap ch 17 industrial supremacy
This document provides an overview of industrialization in the United States between 1860-1900. It discusses several key factors that contributed to industrialization, including cheap labor, natural resources, transportation infrastructure like railroads, government policies of laissez-faire that kept taxes low and regulations minimal, and new technologies pioneered by inventors. Industrial leaders like Carnegie in steel and Rockefeller in oil amassed great wealth and power through practices like vertical and horizontal integration that reduced competition. While this period saw tremendous economic growth, it also led to the rise of large corporations and concerns about the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few "captains of industry."
Nationalism and industrialism
1) Europeans began to develop strong national identities in the 1800s, seeing themselves as part of unique nations rather than just regions.
2) Nationalism increased competition between countries and states promoted nationalism to gain citizens' loyalty.
3) The Industrial Revolution began in Britain and spread to other countries, transforming economies from agricultural to factory-based production and spurring rapid urbanization and population growth.
The industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 1700s and spread to other countries. It transformed economies and societies through new factory systems and machinery. While industrialization increased production and wealth, it also led to poor living and working conditions in urban areas. Reforms eventually addressed these issues through labor laws, unions, and other social changes.
Industrial Revolution Overview
The Enclosure Movement in England contributed to the Industrial Revolution in several ways:
1) Enclosure consolidated small land holdings into larger farms, pushing rural farmers off their land and into cities to seek work. This provided a new urban labor force for factories.
2) By fencing off common lands, enclosure made farming more efficient and productive by allowing specialization. Higher agricultural yields freed up more people to work in other industries like manufacturing.
3) Enclosure led to rural depopulation and homelessness which increased the pool of cheap labor that was critical for new industries to be profitable in their early stages. The poor had little choice but to accept low wages in urban factories.
Industrial Revolution 1.ppt
The Industrial Revolution involved a transition from manual labor and production methods to machine-based and later automatic production methods. This allowed for increased specialization, mass production, and new forms of transportation like railroads and steam engines. Key inventors and businessmen like Rockefeller, Carnegie, Ford, and Stanford established major industries and companies in oil, steel, automobiles, and railroads that drove economic and societal changes.
Ch13 Cultural Revolution
The document provides an overview of scientific and intellectual developments between 1750-1914 that improved life. It discusses key figures like Darwin, Jenner, Pasteur, Dalton, Curie, Pavlov, Freud and their contributions. Darwin theorized evolution by natural selection, sparking controversy. Jenner developed the first vaccination for smallpox. Breakthroughs in physics included atomic theory and discoveries of X-rays and radioactivity. New social sciences like sociology and psychology applied scientific study to human behavior and society.
19.4 new ways of thinking
The Industrial Revolution led to new economic ideas like laissez-faire capitalism and Malthusian theory. Some supported laissez-faire while others like Bentham argued for more government intervention. Early socialists believed property should be commonly owned for the public good. Marx predicted class struggle would lead to workers overthrowing capitalism and creating a classless society, as outlined in The Communist Manifesto. His ideas influenced social democracy and communist movements.
Presentation5
The document discusses vertical and horizontal integration. Horizontal integration refers to a strategy used by a business to sell the same type of product in multiple markets. Vertical integration, on the other hand, refers to a strategy where a business controls multiple stages of production for a product.
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Verbs & Tenses
This document discusses verbs and verb tenses in English. It defines a verb as a word that describes an action and identifies verbs and verb tenses as important parts of a sentence. It outlines the three main verb tenses in English - present, past, and future - and provides examples of how to form verbs in each tense. Additional details are provided on irregular verbs, how some verbs do not change form between tenses, and a short quiz to test understanding of verb tense usage.
Singular & Plural
This document discusses singular and plural nouns. It provides examples of rules to change singular nouns to plural by adding -s, -es, or replacing the ending. Some nouns are irregular and change the inside vowel or spelling. There are also some nouns that stay the same in both singular and plural form. The document concludes with a quiz to test changing singular nouns to their plural forms.
Nouns
This document defines and provides examples of different types of nouns: common nouns, proper nouns, and pronouns. It explains that common nouns are general names for people, places, things, or animals and are not capitalized, while proper nouns specifically name a person, place, or thing and are always capitalized. Pronouns are used as substitutes for nouns to avoid repetition. The document concludes with a quiz that tests the reader's ability to identify nouns in examples as common, proper, or pronouns.
Gender Nouns
Gender refers to the classification of nouns and pronouns as masculine, feminine, common, or neuter. Masculine nouns refer to males, feminine nouns refer to females and often end in -ess, -ine, or -ette. Common nouns can refer to both males and females. Neuter nouns refer to things that are not male or female like objects. The document provides examples of nouns for each gender classification and a quiz to test understanding.
WWII USSR
The document outlines key economic and political events and concepts in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin's leadership, including the New Economic Policy instituted by Lenin that was later discarded, Stalin's Five Year Plans that forcibly collectivized private farms into state-owned enterprises to rapidly industrialize the nation, the totalitarian political system where citizens were completely subject to state authority, and Stalin's "Great Purge" where he systematically eliminated many perceived enemies.
Turkish & Russian Revolution
This document provides information about key events and figures during the Russian Revolution. It describes Bloody Sunday when Czar Nicholas II ordered troops to fire on protesters, the provisional Duma that was disbanded when critical of the Czar, Alexander Kerensky who established an ineffectual provisional government after the Czar, the local soviets and Bolshevik party led by Vladimir Lenin, Lenin's April Theses calling for peace and power to the soviets, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk which ceded western Russia to Germany, the formation of the Soviet Union, the Red Army created by the Bolsheviks under Leon Trotsky, and Mustafa Kemal who led Turkey's transition to a modern state.
The Great War Part I
The document outlines several key events and alliances that led to World War 1, including the Franco-Russo Alliance between France and Russia to counter Germany, the Schlieffen Plan by Germany to attack France through Belgium, and the Triple Entente alliance between France, Russia, and Britain. It also discusses the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist which sparked WW1, the Central Powers alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire against the Allies, US isolationism and entry into the war after intercepting the Zimmermann Telegram, and the Treaty of Versailles which officially ended WW1.
Problems in ol' Persia
On September 11, 2001, Al Qaeda operatives hijacked four passenger jets and crashed two into the World Trade Center towers, one into the Pentagon, and one into a field in Pennsylvania, killing thousands. Al Qaeda is an international terrorist network led by Osama bin Laden that was opposed to Western influence in Saudi Arabia and the United States. Bin Laden was killed in 2011 by U.S. forces. The document also provides brief summaries of various Middle Eastern political and religious leaders and groups as well as conflicts involving Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Israel-Lebanon.
Ok, Let's Fight
The document provides summaries of important historical events:
- The Great Depression began with the 1929 stock market crash in the US and escalated into an international economic catastrophe.
- The Russo-Japanese War resulted in a Japanese victory that established Japan's sphere of influence over Manchuria. Japan then renamed Manchuria as Manchukuo after establishing it as a colony.
- Germany and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact against communism, forming an early alliance that would grow stronger during World War II.
- World War II saw alliances form between the Allied Powers including Britain, France, the Soviet Union and US, against the Axis Powers of Germany, Italy and Japan.
No more Ottoman Empire nor Russia
This document provides information on key people and events during and after the Russian Revolution through the early Soviet period:
- Czar Nicholas II ordering troops to fire on protesters, leading to Bloody Sunday. The Duma was created but frequently disbanded when critical of the Czar.
- Alexander Kerensky established a provisional government after the Czar but it proved ineffectual as it shared power with the soviets.
- Vladimir Lenin was the Marxist leader of the Bolsheviks and issued the April Theses demanding peace, land reform, and power to the soviets.
- Joseph Stalin later led the Soviet Union and imposed the authoritarian Five Year Plans and collectivization programs.
Israel or Palestine
The document outlines key terms related to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, including political factions like Fatah and Hamas, leaders such as Mahmoud Abbas and Yassir Aratat, peace plans like the "Roadmap to Peace", the Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's construction of a separation wall, and historical events like the Six Days War and Intifadas that have shaped the ongoing conflict over control of the land.
Intro to the Cold War
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union where the two superpowers competed for global influence and power without entering into direct military conflict.
Gotta Watch ya Bloc
The document outlines the key alliances and policies during the Cold War. The Soviet Bloc included Eastern European countries allied with the Soviet Union, while the Western Bloc comprised Western European allies of the United States. The Truman Doctrine of 1947 established the policy of US aid to countries threatened by communist takeovers, and containment was the overall Western strategy of containing the spread of communism. In response, the Eastern and Western Blocs each formed military alliances through the Warsaw Pact and NATO, respectively. The Iron Curtain divided Europe between Eastern and Western spheres of influence. Some non-aligned countries accepted investments from both sides. Later, treaties aimed to limit nuclear proliferation to five countries and establish inspections through the IAEA
Globalization & Post Cold War
The document defines and describes several international organizations and political groups including the World Health Organization, Green Revolution, Group of 20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, Group of Six, G8, G7, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, Eurozone, European Union, North American Free Trade Agreement, International Criminal Court, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, National Action Party of Mexico, Soviet and Russian leaders Lech Walesa, Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin, the African Union, and the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings.
Germ, 'Nam, Cuba
The document discusses key events and entities related to the division of Germany and Vietnam after WWII, as well as the Cuban Revolution. It describes conferences that divided Germany into Western and Soviet spheres of influence, leading to the construction of the Berlin Wall. In Vietnam, nationalists fought the French and a civil war broke out between communist North Vietnam and democratic South Vietnam. The document also outlines Castro's overthrow of the Batista dictatorship in Cuba and the failed Bay of Pigs invasion backed by the US.
Creepin' Facism
The document discusses key people and events related to fascism in Europe in the early 20th century. It describes Benito Mussolini founding the fascist party in Italy and becoming prime minister. It also discusses Adolf Hitler leading the Nazi party in Germany and instituting racist policies after becoming chancellor. Finally, it mentions appeasement policies by Britain and France in the late 1930s that failed to prevent German and Soviet expansionism.
Africa & Indian subcontinent
The document summarizes key events and people related to apartheid in South Africa and decolonization in Africa and South Asia. It describes the Sharpeville Massacre that resulted in 67 deaths and led the ANC to support guerrilla warfare. It also mentions Nelson Mandela's role in the anti-apartheid movement and his later election as President. Other topics covered include the African National Congress, homelands policy, apartheid system, creation of Pakistan, Gandhi's non-violent resistance, Nasser overthrowing the Egyptian monarchy, the partition of India, and the Tutsi and Hutu ethnic groups in Rwanda.
Italy & Germany
The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 saw the major European powers carve up control of Africa, leaving only Ethiopia and Liberia independent. It was hosted by Otto von Bismarck, who as Prime Minister of Prussia had defeated Austria in the Austro-Prussian War, formed the German Empire with Prussia at its head, and consolidated German states under Prussian leadership after winning the Franco-Prussian War against France. The conference aimed to establish political order as European countries colonized Africa and prevent conflict among themselves over territorial claims.
French Revolution
Louis XVI summoned the Estates General to undertake fiscal reforms, leading to the French Revolution. He was convicted of treason and executed in 1793. The National Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and abolished the feudal system. The radical Jacobins led the Convention, which abolished the monarchy, declared France a republic, and created the powerful Committee of Public Safety to enforce the revolution. Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the Directory, crowned himself emperor, but was eventually exiled.
Emerging (sorta) Asia
This document summarizes several important events and developments in late 19th century China and East Asia:
1) The Opium War was fought between China and Britain after China forbade the opium trade, leading to the unequal Treaty of Nanjing that expanded British trade rights in China.
2) Several rebellions broke out in China, including the White Lotus and Taiping Rebellions, reflecting frustration with taxes and corruption under the Manchu Dynasty.
3) China also lost wars against France and Japan, ceding control of Vietnam and Taiwan respectively and granting further trade concessions to foreign powers.
4) European powers divided China into spheres of influence while the US passed the Chinese Ex
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Economy & Society
- 1. Enclosure • Public lands shared doing the Middle Ages were enclosed by fences, allowing private farming and private gain.
- 3. Domestic System • An arrangement where most of the cotton was woven into cloth in homes or small shops.
- 4. Flying Shuttle • Invented by John Kay which sped up the weaving process.
- 5. Spinning Jenny • Invented by John Hargreaves which was capable of spinning vast amounts of thread.
- 6. Cotton Gin • Invented by Eli Whitney allowing massive amounts of cotton to be quickly processed in the Americas and exported to Europe.
- 7. Steam Engine • Developed by Thomas Newcomer by improved by James Watt. Used to generate power for industry and also for transportation.
- 8. Steamship • Built by Robert Fulton.
- 9. George Stephenson • Built the first steam powered locomotive.
- 10. Interchangeable Parts • Invented by Eli Whitney so machines that broke down could be easily replaced.
- 11. Assembly Line • Invented by Henry Ford so each factory worker added only one part to a finished product.
- 12. Adam Smith • Wrote in "The Wealth of Nations" that economic prosperity and fairness is best achieved through private ownership.
- 13. Free Market System (Capitalism) • Individuals owning the means of production and sell their products and service in an open market, where demand for goods and service would determine prices and availability.
- 14. Laissez-Faire Capitalism • When government remove themselves entirely from capitalism regulations.
- 15. Karl Marx • German economist and philosopher who pointed factory workers were being exploited as a consequence of capitalism. Wrote in "The Communist Manifesto" that the working class would eventually revolt.
- 16. Marxism • Served as foundation of socialism and communism.
- 17. Socialism • The government owns some of the means of production.
- 18. Factory Act of 1883 • Passed by British Parliament that limited hours of each workday, restricted children working in factories. and required owners to making working conditions safer and cleaner.
- 19. Labor Unions • Employees bargaining for better working conditions, or threatened to strike.
- 20. Social Mobility • Ability to work their way up from one social class to the next.
- 21. Social Darwinists • Claimed the dominant races or classes of people rose to the top through a process of "survival of the fittest".