Chapter 14 north and south
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The document summarizes how new inventions and technologies transformed manufacturing, farming, and transportation in the North during this time period. Key inventions included the sewing machine, steel plow, mechanical reaper, telegraph, and steam-powered locomotive. These innovations increased productivity but railroads initially faced problems with safety, reliability and resistance from competing industries. Railroads and clipper ships then helped grow Northern commerce by connecting cities and markets and increasing trade overseas, while steam power allowed factories to be built anywhere.
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18th & 19th centuries
During the Georgian period from 1714-1830, the Industrial Revolution transformed Britain from a rural to industrial nation. Cities like Manchester, Birmingham, and Sheffield mass produced cotton, coal, iron, and steel. Inventions like Thomas Savery's steam engine in 1668 and canals for transport helped industry grow. George Stephenson further advanced transportation with the locomotive and railroad. During the Victorian era from 1837-1901, Britain dominated the world under Queen Victoria. The 1851 Great Exhibition showcase British industry and technology, while inventions like railroads made by Thomas Cook allowed transportation of passengers. Life for child factory workers was difficult, involving long hours in dangerous conditions.
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The industrial revolution began with the increased use of machines to manufacture goods rather than making them by hand. Key developments included Abraham Darby's production of iron using coke instead of charcoal, Henry Cort's process for converting iron into bars, and inventions like the spinning jenny and water frame that automated textile production. The revolution was aided by inventions like Thomas Savery's steam engine and James Watt's improved version. Canals and then railways helped transport raw materials and finished goods more cheaply. While industry grew, many workers faced poor living and working conditions with long hours and unsafe environments. Various protests and reform movements pushed for improved conditions for workers.
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The document outlines several key inventions from the 18th and early 19th centuries that drove the evolution of the textile industry, including the water frame, spinning jenny, spinning mule, power loom, and cotton gin. It also lists important steam engine inventions like the Newcomen steam engine, Watt's steam engine, Robert Fulton's Clermont, and George Stephenson's Rocket that powered the new textile machinery and represented the dawn of the steam age.
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The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century and led to rapid industrialization and major social changes. New machines were invented to increase production in textiles, iron manufacturing, and other industries. Steam power was also developed to help power factories. As a result, there was a mass movement of people from rural areas to cities to work in the new factories. The Industrial Revolution transformed economies and had widespread effects on social, cultural, and economic conditions.
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The document provides an overview of the key events and developments of the Industrial Revolution, including:
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- Agricultural improvements like crop rotation that supported population growth and a shift away from subsistence farming.
- Urbanization as people moved to cities for new industrial jobs, bringing public health and social challenges.
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The industrial revolution began with the increased use of machines to manufacture goods rather than making them by hand. Key developments included Abraham Darby's production of iron using coke instead of charcoal, Henry Cort's process for converting iron into bars, and inventions like the spinning jenny and water frame that automated textile production. The revolution was aided by inventions like Thomas Savery's steam engine and James Watt's improved version. Canals and then railways helped transport raw materials and finished goods more cheaply. While industry grew, many workers faced poor living and working conditions with long hours and unsafe environments. Various protests and reform movements pushed for improved conditions for workers.
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In the 19th century, several inventions revolutionized transportation and technology. Henry Bell invented the first successful steamship, the Comet, in 1812, making transportation of goods and people more efficient in Europe. Nikolaus Otto designed the first internal combustion engine in 1862, leading to the development of automobiles, boats, and aircraft. The engine became widely used but also increased pollution. Alessandro Volta invented the first battery, the Voltaic Pile, in 1800. Gaston Plante then developed the first rechargeable lead-acid battery in 1859, providing power for early electricity industries and paving the way for modern devices like phones and laptops. These inventions established foundations for future technologies and changed life
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The document outlines several key inventions from the 18th and early 19th centuries that drove the evolution of the textile industry, including the water frame, spinning jenny, spinning mule, power loom, and cotton gin. It also lists important steam engine inventions like the Newcomen steam engine, Watt's steam engine, Robert Fulton's Clermont, and George Stephenson's Rocket that powered the new textile machinery and represented the dawn of the steam age.
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The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century and led to rapid industrialization and major social changes. New machines were invented to increase production in textiles, iron manufacturing, and other industries. Steam power was also developed to help power factories. As a result, there was a mass movement of people from rural areas to cities to work in the new factories. The Industrial Revolution transformed economies and had widespread effects on social, cultural, and economic conditions.
Textile industry
English inventors in the 18th century began to automate textile cottage industry processes including carding,
spinning and weaving. James Hargreaves developed the Spinning Jenny, a device which replaced eight
hand spinners in one operation. Richard Arkwright assembled these processes and started the first factory
on the Derwent River in Cromford, England in 1771.
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The document provides an overview of the key events and developments of the Industrial Revolution, including:
- The shift from cottage industries and home production to factory production driven by new technologies like the steam engine.
- Agricultural improvements like crop rotation that supported population growth and a shift away from subsistence farming.
- Urbanization as people moved to cities for new industrial jobs, bringing public health and social challenges.
- New technologies in transportation, communication, manufacturing, and other fields that increased productivity and economic growth.
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1. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and saw a shift from manual labor and production to mechanized factory systems powered by steam engines.
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3. The textile industry was one of the first to industrialize, with inventions like the spinning jenny, water frame, and steam-powered loom automating textile production and allowing factories to employ hundreds of workers.
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The transportation revolution of the early 1800s saw new improvements like steamboats and railroads that dramatically increased the speed and lowered the cost of transporting goods and people. Steamboats enabled expanded trade along waterways, while railroads connected major cities across the eastern US by 1860. This revolutionized commerce by creating a national economy and encouraging population growth and resource extraction. It also accelerated other technological advances like the telegraph, farm equipment, and industrialization.
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1. The document provides an overview of the Market Revolution period in US history from 1815-1860, which saw improvements in transportation, commercialization, and industrialization.
2. Key developments discussed include the invention of the cotton gin, which led to the rapid growth of cotton and slave labor in the South; the establishment of textile mills in New England powered by water power and staffed initially by young farm women known as "mill girls"; and advances in transportation including canals like the Erie Canal and the emergence of railroads.
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The Industrial Revolution fundamentally changed production from human labor to machines powered by new energy sources like steam. It began in the late 18th century in England and spread throughout Europe and North America in the 19th century. Key developments included the invention of steam engines, increased coal and iron production to power machinery, and improvements in transportation like railroads and steamships that allowed for mass production and distribution of goods on a new scale.
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The Industrial Revolution transformed the United States economy in the early 19th century through advances in technology, new factory systems of production, and infrastructure projects like canals and railroads. Key inventions like the cotton gin, steam engine, and telegraph drove industrialization by increasing productivity and enabling long-distance communication. This period saw the rise of textile and other manufacturing centers in the North and the growth of cities, while agriculture remained the dominant economic activity in the South.
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The document summarizes key developments in the United States between 1790-1860, including territorial expansion, economic growth driven by industrialization and slavery, increasing population including immigration and the slave trade, and rising tensions between the North and South over the issues of slavery and states' rights. Transportation networks like canals, railroads, and telegraph played a major role in connecting the growing country and supporting economic activity.
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The Second Industrial Revolution from the 1870s-1910s was driven by oil, steel, internal combustion engines, electricity, and rapid communication technologies. It saw the rise of corporate research labs, increased patents, and advances in chemistry, biology, steel production, transportation (land, sea, and air), electricity, newspapers, and communication technologies like the telegraph, telephone, film, and radio. Mass production using these new fuels and technologies transformed economies and societies around the world.
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The United States became the largest industrial country in the world by the early 1900s due to several key factors:
1. Cheap labor from over 20 million European immigrants between 1865-1910 who provided a large industrial workforce.
2. Abundant natural resources such as water, timber, coal, iron and copper which American companies could obtain inexpensively.
3. The development of railroads which linked the nation and expanded markets while also spending on infrastructure to support industrial growth.
4. A laissez-faire government policy with low taxes and few regulations that allowed industry to grow unfettered.
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2. Great Britain had several advantages that contributed to it being the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, including natural resources like coal and iron, navigable rivers for transportation, colonies that provided raw materials and markets for finished goods, and inventors who developed new technologies like the steam engine.
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This presentation helps you to better understand the second industrial revolution in the United States.
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The industrial revolution began in Britain between 1780-1850 and transformed the country's economy. Britain was well-suited for industrialization due to its stable political system, common laws, and centralized market without internal tariffs. Innovations in iron production using coke instead of charcoal and later innovations like steam power, canals, and railroads drove industrial growth. New factories employing women and children worked long hours under difficult conditions. Over time, workers protested and reforms were passed to limit child labor and working hours. The industrial revolution ultimately changed Britain from an agricultural to industrial economic power.
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The Second Industrial Revolution And The Beginnings Of Marxism
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Civil War: The North and its Advantages
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2. Key developments discussed include the invention of the cotton gin, which led to the rapid growth of cotton and slave labor in the South; the establishment of textile mills in New England powered by water power and staffed initially by young farm women known as "mill girls"; and advances in transportation including canals like the Erie Canal and the emergence of railroads.
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New inventions like the sewing machine and farm equipment helped mechanize manufacturing and agriculture in the North. The telegraph and railroads revolutionized communication and transportation, though early railroads faced difficulties with safety issues. As railroads expanded across the North, they helped industrialize the economy by connecting factories to new markets.
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New inventions like the sewing machine and farm equipment helped mechanize manufacturing and agriculture in the North. The telegraph and railroads revolutionized communication and transportation, allowing for faster movement of goods and people. These developments helped spur industrial growth and economic expansion in Northern cities and states.
Powerpoint2
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved upon it. The telegraph was also known as the "talking wire". Major railroad lines were concentrated in cities like New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago in the 1850s, helping the northern economy expand, though early railroads faced difficulties like accidents from weak bridges and roadbeds. Farm machinery like McCormick's reaper and inventions like the telegraph boosted northern industrialization.
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New inventions like the sewing machine and farm equipment helped mechanize manufacturing and agriculture in the North. The telegraph and railroads revolutionized communication and transportation, though early railroads faced difficulties with safety issues. As industry and infrastructure expanded, the Northern economy grew rapidly in the mid-1800s.
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Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved upon it. The telegraph was also known as the "talking wire". Major difficulties of early railroads included workers fearing job loss, investors worried about competition, and accidents from weak infrastructure like bridges. Major railroad lines were concentrated in cities like New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago.
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The Industrial Revolution involved a transition from manual labor and production methods to machine-based and later automatic production methods. This allowed for increased specialization, mass production, and new forms of transportation like railroads and steam engines. Key inventors and businessmen like Rockefeller, Carnegie, Ford, and Stanford established major industries and companies in oil, steel, automobiles, and railroads that drove economic and societal changes.
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The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to late 19th century where Britain transformed from an agricultural to an industrial economy. Many people moved from rural areas to cities and towns to work in new factories. Key inventions like Thomas Newcomen's steam engine, James Hargreaves' spinning jenny, and Eli Whitney's cotton gin automated manufacturing and allowed it to occur on a much larger scale, driving this economic and social change. Transportation was also transformed through inventions like Richard Trevithick's steam locomotive and steamships.
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The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread to the United States in the early 19th century, fueled by available investment capital. Factories and mills proliferated in northern US states, which had natural resources like iron and coal and access to rivers for transportation. The US Civil War further accelerated industrialization as both sides needed weapons and supplies. After the war, the transcontinental railroad and waves of immigration connected markets and provided workers, driving continued economic growth and establishing America as a major industrial power.
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The document provides an overview of the Industrial Revolution and its impacts. It discusses how the Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 1700s due to several factors, including natural resources and capital. Key inventions like the steam engine and cotton gin drove industrialization by mechanizing production. The factory system replaced domestic production and led to rapid urbanization. While industrialization boosted economic growth, it also caused social problems and tensions that led to reform movements. The document traces how industrialization then spread across Europe and to the United States in the late 1800s.
14north and south
1) In the early 1800s, many new technologies and industrial processes transformed manufacturing in the North. Factories used machinery and specialized workers to mass produce goods. Transportation also improved with canals, steamboats, railroads, and clipper ships connecting regions.
2) Working conditions in factories were difficult, with long hours, unsafe machinery, and no child labor laws. Workers joined unions and went on strikes to demand better treatment. Women and African Americans also faced discrimination.
3) Northern cities grew rapidly due to industrialization and large waves of European immigration, especially from Ireland and Germany fleeing famine and problems at home. However, some nativists opposed immigration, believing it threatened American jobs and culture.
Western Civilization lecture 8
The document discusses key inventions and developments during the Industrial Revolution, including the seed drill, crop rotation, cotton gin, steam engine, railroads, and factories. These innovations increased agricultural and textile production, powered new machines, and transformed transportation. The Industrial Revolution drew people into cities for factory work and led to rapid urbanization, but also poor living and working conditions for many.
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二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
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留信网认证的作用:
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我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
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Chapter 14 north and south
- 1. Chapter 14- North and South
- 2. • How did new inventions change manufacturing and farming in the North? Invention Sewing machine Inventor Elias Howe, improved by Isaac Singer Improvement Clothing could be manufactured by machine much more rapidly than it could be made by hand. Iron Plow Steel Plow Jethro Wood John Deere The older, heavy wood and iron plows had to be pulled by slow-moving oxen. A horse could pull a lighter-weight steel plow faster. Mechanical Reaper Cyrus McCormick A horse-drawn reaper could mow wheat and other grains five times as fast as farmhands using hand tools. Mechanical Drill, Threshing Machine, Horse-Drawn Hay Rake all these improvements helped farmers raise more grain with fewer farmhands. Telegraph Samuel F. B. Morse The “talking wire,” or telegraph, was a device that sent electrical signals along a wire. For the first time, news could travel long distances in a few minutes. steam-powered locomotive engine an English family Railroad cars had been pulled by horses or mules. The steam-powered locomotive, or engine to pull railroad cars, could do 30 miles per hour.
- 3. • What difficulties did the first railroads face? Early problems – Workers who moved freight on horse-drawn wagons feared losing their jobs. – Investors in canals worried that competition from the railroads would cause them to lose their investments. – Soft roadbeds and weak bridges often led to railroad accidents. – Locomotives often broke down. – The smokestacks belched thick smoke and hot embers. The embers sometimes burned clothing. – Where there was only one track instead of one in each direction, trains collided. Gradually, many of these problems were solved and by the 1850s, railroads crisscrossed the nation.
- 5. • How did railroads and clipper ships help the northern economy? Railroads increased commerce within the United States. – New York, Chicago, and Cincinnati became major rail centers. – Railroads allowed factory owners to transport large amounts cheaply and quickly – Railroads linked towns with cities. The towns became markets for goods made in the cities. – Railroads brought cheap farm goods from the West to New England. New England farmers could not compete and left their farms for other jobs.
- 6. Clipper Ships A new kind of ship, the clipper ship, increased commerce between the United States and other nations. – Americans sold cotton, fur, wheat, lumber, and tobacco overseas. – John Griffiths launched a new, speedier ship—the clipper ship. It was a sleek vessel with tall masts and huge sails that caught every gust of wind.
- 7. Steam Power Also Helped the Northern Economy • Steam power had advantages over water power. • Factories that used steam power could be built anywhere. They didn’t have to be built along rivers. • Steam-driven machines were powerful, as well as cheap to run. • The new machines produced more goods at lower cost.