An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio-productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem. there are three types of pyramid- 1) Pyramid of number.2) Pyramid of biomass 3) Pyramid of energy.
Presentation on Basics of Ecological Pyramids. It will help in getting an overall idea about ecological pyramids in the ecosystem. Also it includes certain advantages and disadvantages of the pyramid types.
Ecological Pyramids
Ecological pyramid
Types of pyramid
Pyramid of numbers
Pyramid of biomass
Pyramid of energy
The use of Ecological Pyramid was first described by Charles Elton in 1927.
Ecological Pyramids are graphical representation of the number of individual present or amount of biomass synthesized or amount of energy stored at successive trophic levels in an ecosystem.
In this presentations, structure of ecosystems, food chain, food web, ecological pyramids, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus is explained.
An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio-productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem. there are three types of pyramid- 1) Pyramid of number.2) Pyramid of biomass 3) Pyramid of energy.
Presentation on Basics of Ecological Pyramids. It will help in getting an overall idea about ecological pyramids in the ecosystem. Also it includes certain advantages and disadvantages of the pyramid types.
Ecological Pyramids
Ecological pyramid
Types of pyramid
Pyramid of numbers
Pyramid of biomass
Pyramid of energy
The use of Ecological Pyramid was first described by Charles Elton in 1927.
Ecological Pyramids are graphical representation of the number of individual present or amount of biomass synthesized or amount of energy stored at successive trophic levels in an ecosystem.
In this presentations, structure of ecosystems, food chain, food web, ecological pyramids, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus is explained.
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Ecological Succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over a period of time.
But, over a long period of time, the climate conditions of an ecosystem is bound to change.
No ecosystem has existed or will remain unchanged over a Geological Time Scale.
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WHAT IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS?, IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, STRUCTURAL FEATURE OF LEAF ADVANTAGE FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS,LEAVES AND LEAF STRUCTURE,CHLOROPHYLL, TYPES OF REACTIONS, LIGHT REACTION AND DARK REACTION, CYCLIC AND NON-CYCLIC PHOTOPHOSPORYLATION, MECAHANISM OF ATP SYNTHESIS, SCHEMATIC PRESENTATION OF LIGHT REACTION, CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM (CAM), C3 AND C4 PLANTS, FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, INTERNAL FACTORS AND EXTERNAL FACTORS,
Ecological Succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over a period of time.
But, over a long period of time, the climate conditions of an ecosystem is bound to change.
No ecosystem has existed or will remain unchanged over a Geological Time Scale.
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definition of Carbon cycle ppt
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discovery of Carbon cycle ppt
importance of Carbon cycle ppt
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Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
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Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
2. Presentation
Outline
IMPORTANT TERMS
BIOTIC COMPONENTS , FOOD CHAIN, FOOD
WEB & TROPIC LEVELS
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID
DEFINITION & IMPORTANCE
TYPES OF ECOLOGICAL
PYRAMID
PYRAMID OF ENERGY, PYRAMID OF
NUMBER & PYRAMID OF BIOMASS
1
2
3
4 DRAWBACKS
3. Biotic Components of Ecosystem
PRODUCERS CONSUMERS DECOMPOSERS
Plants
Blue Green Algae
etc...
Primary Consumers
Secondary
Consumers
Teritiary Consumers
Earthworms,
Millipedes etc.
4. What is Food
Chain?
The sequence of transfers of matter
and energy in the form of food from
organism to organism
5. What is Food Web?
A food web is the natural
interconnection of food chains and a
graphical representation of what-
eats-what in an ecological
community
6. TROPIC
LEVELS
Organisms occupy a place in the natural surroundings or in a
community according to their feeding relationship with other organisms.
Based on the source of their nutrition or food, organisms occupy a specific
place in the food chain that is known as their trophic level
9. STRUCTURE
Ecological Pyramid came into
existence due to famous
scientist such as Charles Elton,
G. Evelyn Hutchinson, and
Raymond Lindeman.
It has numerous names like
Eltonian pyramid after Charles
Elton, energy pyramid, trophic
pyramid, and food pyramid.
10.
11. An ecological pyramid
shows how efficiently
energy is transferred
from one level to the
other and also helps to
quantify energy in a food
chain.
This pyramid also shows
how various organisms in
various ecosystems feed
on each other, highlights
their food patterns and
explains the relationship
between the various levels
within it.
The ecological pyramid also
helps in monitoring the
overall health and condition
of an ecosystem, and helps
in restoring balance. It also
helps to understand how any
further damage to an
ecosystem can be
prevented.
1
2 3
The ecological pyramid is highly significant in an
ecosystem and the reasons are explained below-
IMPORTANCE
12. There are mainly three types of Ecological Pyramid.:
TYPES OF ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID
PYRAMID
OF
ENERGY
PYRAMID
OF
NUMBER
PYRAMID
OF
BIOMASS
13. PYRAMID OF
ENERGY
Pyramid of Energy is an upright pyramid that
illustrates the flow of energy from producers
to consumers. Furthermore, it indicates the
actual role played by various organisms in
energy transfer. Energy pyramids indicate
how much energy is required in the next
trophic level as it flows upwards
14. The pattern of energy flow in this
pyramid can be described based on
the law of thermodynamics
15.
16. Energy pyramids are
usually slopping
Pyramid of energy is always
upright,
can never be inverted,
Each bar in the energy
pyramid indicates the amount of energy
present at each trophic level in a
given time or annually per unit area.
17. Energy
Pyramid
Based on the flow of energy
ecological pyramid is always upright.
The rate at which food material passes
(in form of energy) through the food chain
determines how energy pyramids are
constructed.
18. the impression of the
pyramid of energy is
very essential when
describing the idea of
biological magnification.
19. The pyramid represent
the total numbers of
individuals(population)
present in each trophic
level.
The term “pyramid of
numbers” was first
coined by Elton in 1972.
The number is the
number of
organisms in each
trophic level
In this pyramid the
most abundant
organism occupies the
base and the least
abundant occupies the
apex of the pyramid
PYRAMID
OF
NUMBERS
20. The pyramid of number is divided into
two different forms depending on the
number of organisms: upright and
inverted.
21. In the Upright pyramid of numbers, the numbers of
organisms mostly reduce from bottom to top. It usually
occurs in pond and grassland ecosystems where plants
occupy the base of the pyramid. The next levels of the
pyramid include the consumers.
22.
23. An inverted pyramid is
actually the opposite of
the upright pyramid. It can
closely be observed in tree
ecosystem, where trees
are the producers and
insects are the consumers.
24. The structure of this
pyramid is partially
inverted or more like a
spindle.
25. DRAWBACKS
Amongst the three ecosystem
pyramids. The pyramid of number is
the most incorrect, as it does not take
into consideration the exact
population. Hence, it cannot
completely elaborate on the trophic
structure in a system
This pyramid ignores the
biomass of species and it
doesn’t show the energy
transferred between individual
groups.
Pyramids of numbers are not
very functional as they do not
give a clear or true picture of
the food chain.
They do not indicate specifically
the absolute effects of the
geometric, food chain, size
factors of specific organisms.
26. PYRAMID
OF
BIOMASS
WHAT IS BIOMASS?
Mass is the weight of something so biomass
is the total weight of living matter per unit
area of an ecosystem. We can define
biomass as the amount per unit area
product of the living material existing in an
individual or a number of individuals at in
particular trophic level.
27. This pyramid indicates the total mass of
organisms in a particular trophic level. .
Biomass consumed by animals mostly is
either converted to living tissue, converted to
energy or remain as undigested products
The pyramid is usually larger at the bottom
but as it goes up it reduces in size and
becomes smaller. There is always a
reduction of biomass with an increase in
trophic level. Approximately 10% to 20% of
the biomass is passed from one trophic level
to the other.
29. This pyramid can be used to solve the particular issue in the
pyramidofnumbers because it shows the exact representation of
the amount of energy present in each trophic level.
When there is a reduction of biomass with a rise in trophic levels,
it signifies wastage and consumption of biomass at every transfer
level.
30. How do we
benefit from it?
Biomass acts as a source of renewable energy,
replacing fossil fuels. Therefore, helping in
improving climatic conditions as well as being
utilized as fuel reducing wastage and costs.
31. DRAWBACKS
since it’s actually impossible
to measure the mass of
every single individual. Only
a sample is taken, this leads
to mistakes
Also, the specific time of the
year when data is taken
should be put into
consideration, since
breeding seasons in
different organisms differ.
2
1
33. LIMITATIONS OF
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
1.Some organisms such as fungi and
microorganisms have not been given specific
roles in the pyramids despite the fact that
they play a vital role in the ecosystem.
2.These existing pyramids are only
applicable to simple food chains, which
sometimes do not necessarily occur
naturally.
34. LIMITATIONS OF
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
3.None, of the three ecological pyramids,
deliver any concept in-relation to variations
in seasons and climates.
4.They also lack to consider the
possibility of the existence of the same
species at different levels