Presentation on Basics of Ecological Pyramids. It will help in getting an overall idea about ecological pyramids in the ecosystem. Also it includes certain advantages and disadvantages of the pyramid types.
An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio-productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem. there are three types of pyramid- 1) Pyramid of number.2) Pyramid of biomass 3) Pyramid of energy.
Ecological Succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over a period of time.
But, over a long period of time, the climate conditions of an ecosystem is bound to change.
No ecosystem has existed or will remain unchanged over a Geological Time Scale.
This presentation is a depiction of ecological biodiversity in India. It includes basic understanding the meaning of biodiversity, discussing about the 4 hotspots in India, also discussing the habitat if each hotspots. A map is represented as well to know the locations of the hotspots, and the threatens are also discussed along with the solutions. Overall this is an outstanding nature based project with attractive visuals to stick the eyes of viewer to the presentation.
An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio-productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem. there are three types of pyramid- 1) Pyramid of number.2) Pyramid of biomass 3) Pyramid of energy.
Ecological Succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over a period of time.
But, over a long period of time, the climate conditions of an ecosystem is bound to change.
No ecosystem has existed or will remain unchanged over a Geological Time Scale.
This presentation is a depiction of ecological biodiversity in India. It includes basic understanding the meaning of biodiversity, discussing about the 4 hotspots in India, also discussing the habitat if each hotspots. A map is represented as well to know the locations of the hotspots, and the threatens are also discussed along with the solutions. Overall this is an outstanding nature based project with attractive visuals to stick the eyes of viewer to the presentation.
you will learn about the primary and secondary productivity involved in ecosystem and about its types. it includes gross and net primary productivity also.
Biodiversity and its Conservation methodsNishat Fatima
Biodiversity describes the richness and variety of life on earth. It is the most complex and important feature of our planet. Without biodiversity, life would not sustain.
Biodiversity holds ecological and economic significance. It provides us with nourishment, housing, fuel, clothing and several other resources. It also extracts monetary benefits through tourism. Therefore, it is very important to have a good knowledge of biodiversity for a sustainable livelihood.
It is quite interesting to note that the only producer of food in the entire world is PLANT. All others are consumers, and depend only on plants to provide food to all the living organisms and species.
Ecological Pyramids
Ecological pyramid
Types of pyramid
Pyramid of numbers
Pyramid of biomass
Pyramid of energy
The use of Ecological Pyramid was first described by Charles Elton in 1927.
Ecological Pyramids are graphical representation of the number of individual present or amount of biomass synthesized or amount of energy stored at successive trophic levels in an ecosystem.
The presentation is aimed for undergraduate students and covers the details of forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, desert ecosystem as well as aquatic ecosystems. It is suitable for compulsory environmental science course at undergraduate level. The content has been simplified for easy understanding of both science as well as humanities students.
Food chain and Food Web
Food chain and food web in ecosystem
Food chain
Types of food chains
1. Grazing food chain
2. Detritus food chain
Food web
Significance of food chain and food web
Community ecology, study of the organization and functioning of communities, which are assemblages of interacting populations of the species living within a particular area or habitat.
you will learn about the primary and secondary productivity involved in ecosystem and about its types. it includes gross and net primary productivity also.
Biodiversity and its Conservation methodsNishat Fatima
Biodiversity describes the richness and variety of life on earth. It is the most complex and important feature of our planet. Without biodiversity, life would not sustain.
Biodiversity holds ecological and economic significance. It provides us with nourishment, housing, fuel, clothing and several other resources. It also extracts monetary benefits through tourism. Therefore, it is very important to have a good knowledge of biodiversity for a sustainable livelihood.
It is quite interesting to note that the only producer of food in the entire world is PLANT. All others are consumers, and depend only on plants to provide food to all the living organisms and species.
Ecological Pyramids
Ecological pyramid
Types of pyramid
Pyramid of numbers
Pyramid of biomass
Pyramid of energy
The use of Ecological Pyramid was first described by Charles Elton in 1927.
Ecological Pyramids are graphical representation of the number of individual present or amount of biomass synthesized or amount of energy stored at successive trophic levels in an ecosystem.
The presentation is aimed for undergraduate students and covers the details of forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, desert ecosystem as well as aquatic ecosystems. It is suitable for compulsory environmental science course at undergraduate level. The content has been simplified for easy understanding of both science as well as humanities students.
Food chain and Food Web
Food chain and food web in ecosystem
Food chain
Types of food chains
1. Grazing food chain
2. Detritus food chain
Food web
Significance of food chain and food web
Community ecology, study of the organization and functioning of communities, which are assemblages of interacting populations of the species living within a particular area or habitat.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Contents:
Ecological pyramids
Types of ecological pyramids
Pyramid of numbers
- Evaluating a pyramid of number
Pyramid of biomass
- Evaluating a pyramid of biomass
Pyramid of energy
- Evaluating a pyramid of energy
Conclusion
References
3. What are Ecological Pyramids?
Ecological pyramids are graphical
representations of the trophic structure of
ecosystems.
Trophic levels are the feeling position in a
food chain such as primary producers,
herbivores, primary carnivores, etc.
4. Types of ecological pyramid
Three types of ecological pyramids can
usually be distinguished namely:
1. Pyramid of Numbers
2. Pyramid of Biomass
3. Pyramid of Energy
5. Pyramid of Numbers
Is the graphical
representation of
number individuals per
unit area of various
trophic levels
Large numbers of
producers tend to form
the base
Lower numbers of top
carnivores occupy the top
6. Pyramid of numbers
The shape of the pyramid of
numbers vary from
ecosystem to ecosystem.
In aquatic ecosystems and
grassland communities,
autotrophs are present in
large numbers per unit
area.
A lesser number of
herbivores, which in turn
support fewer carnivores.
8. Evaluating the pyramid of numbers
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Simple easy method
(number counting) of
giving an overview
Good for comparing
changes to the ecosystem
at different times of year
e.g. between seasons
Numbers of a specific
species can be too great to
measure accurately
Does not take into account
‘juvenile’ or immature
forms
All organisms are included
regardless of size, hence
‘inverted’ pyramids
9. Pyramid of biomass
Is the graphic representation
of biomass present per unit
area of different trophic levels,
with producers at the base
and top carnivores at the tip.
Biomass is calculated by the
mass of each individual x
number of individuals at each
trophic level (gm-2 or gm-3)
10. Inverted pyramid of biomass
In an aquatic habitat the
pyramid of biomass is
inverted or spindle-shaped
where the biomass of
trophic level depends upon
the reproductive potential
and longevity of the
member.
11. Evaluating a pyramid of biomass
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Overcomes the problems of
pyramids of number
Only uses samples from
population, so difficult to
measure biomass exactly
Time of year that biomass is
measured influences result
e.g. trees in summer
Organisms of the same size do
not necessarily have the same
energy content
Inverted pyramids may result
from producers with high
turnover rate
12. Pyramid of energy
Is the graphic representation
of the flow of energy
through each trophic level of
food chain over a fixed time
period.
It is also known as “pyramid
of productivity”
The input of solar energy
may be indicated as an extra
layer at the base.
13. Pyramid of energy
Only 10% of the energy is
available to next trophic level (as
per Lindemann’s ten percent rule)
The energy level of each trophic
level has two arts i.e. Net
Production (NP) and Respiration
(R) and measured in KJ m-2 yr-1
14. Evaluating a pyramid of energy
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
No inverted pyramids are
obtained
Shows actual energy
transferred and allows
for rate of production
Can compared different
ecosystems based on
relative energy flows
It is difficult and complex
to collect energy data
(rate of biomass
production over time)
Problem always exists inj
assigning a species to a
specific trophic level
15. Conclusion
From the above content it was clear that the
ecological pyramid gives information about the
trophic structures and also provides a framework
for the study of ecosystem energetics along with
the study of number and biomass of the
organisms in the ecosystem.
Along with the brief knowledge about the trophic
structures, it also allows us to observe the
changes in the ecosystem due to several factors.
16. References
Ecology and Ecosystem, P D Sharma
Environmental Sciences, Dr. Santilata Swain
Fath, Brian & C. Killian, Megan. (2007). The
relevance of ecological pyramids in community
assemblages. Ecological Modelling - ECOL
MODEL. 208. 286-294.
10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.06.001.