This document provides an overview of key concepts in geography including: 1) Stars emit light while planets and satellites orbit other celestial bodies and do not emit their own light. The sun is an example of a star that is over 6000 degrees Celsius. 2) The Earth is spherical and rotates on its axis while orbiting the sun. It takes 365 days and 6 hours to complete its orbit. 3) The Earth has different layers including the core, mantle, and crust. It also has hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.

1. Social Science Presentation by Cynthia Lai 1A/1BC

2. Star A star has light. An example of a star is the Sun. The sun is 6000 degress Celcius.

3. Planet Planets have not got light. They orbit a star.

4. Satellite Satellites have not got light. They orbit a planet. For example, the moon is a satellite.

5. Spherical/Globe The Earth is spherical. The Earth is represented by a globe.

6. Rotates/Axis/Turning The Earth rotates on its axis. The Earth turns around the Sun.

7. Parallels and Meridians Parallels and Meridians help us located points on Earth´s surface.

8. Cardinal The 4 cardinal directions are North, South, East, West.

9. Seasons/Steep The seasons are spring, summer, fall, winter. The steep and gentle angles of the Sun´s rays create different climates.

10. Orbit/Leap The Earth orbits the Sun. It takes 365 days and 6 hours to complete. Every four years is a leap year. We have an extra day.

11. Core/Mantle/Crust The Earth has different parts. The core, the mantle, and the crust.

12. Hydrosphere/Atmosphere/ Biosphere The hydrosphere is the mass of water on Earth. The atmosphere is the gass on Earth. The biosphere where the living things live.

13. Continent/Island Continents are large land masses. Islands are smaller pieces of land. They are both surrounded by water.

14. Plains/Plateaus Plains are flat areas. Plateaus are flat areas too, but they are higher than 200 metres above sea level.

15. Mountains/Depressions Mountains are higher than 600 metres. An example of a mountain is Mount Everest. Depressions are the opposite of mountains. They are depressed areas.

16. Beach The beach is an area of shoreline. It is made of sand and stones. Salobreña has a beach.

17. Cape/Gulf A cape is land that extends into the sea. A gulf is water that extends into land.

18. Peninsula A peninsula is surrounded by water on 3 sides. Spain and Portugal form the Iberian Peninsula.

19. High/Altitude/Peak Mountains are very high. The altitude of the peak of Mount Kilimanjaro is 5896 metres.

20. Range The Rocky Mountains in America is a mountain range. It is also called the Sierra Nevada, because the Americans were trying to copy Spain.

21. Relief Relief is the different forms on Earth, for example, mountains, plains, plateaus, and depressions.

22. Volcano Volcanos are dangerous, and have got hot lava.

23. The End!