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Similar to Psychology the human behaviour, body mind relationship, human mind, neuron, connectors, receptors and effectors
Psychology the human behaviour, body mind relationship, human mind, neuron, connectors, receptors and effectors
- 1. Biological basis ofbehaviour Prepared by Ms.Sameeksha Patial Assistant professor Adesh Nursing College
- 2. Introduction Biology ofbehaviour is the study of behavioural functions of the nervous system, particularly the brain. Physiological psychology is that branch of psychology, which seeks to determine how activity in the nervous system is related to both the behaviour and mind. Manufacturers affect behaviour of which the most important one, our brain and genetics, a sick person’s thoughts and emotions are not visible to the Nurse. Nurses get a better understanding of these by observing the patients behaviour during illness.
- 3. Body Mind Relationship Earlier it was a belief that the mind and body are two separate entities. Today, there is scientific evidence to show that there is a strong relationship between the mind and the body, both structurally and functionally. Any internal or external stimulus is perceived and labelled by the mind as harmful, harmless, pleasant, unpleasant, et cetera. Based on this perception, the body response to the stimulus, either by flying or fighting. The mind and the body work in synergy with each other, they cannot be separated and cannot work as separate entities.
- 4. Body Mind Relationship Mind: mine is retarded as a function of the body and does not exist in isolation from it. It is the sum total of various mental processes, such as observing, knowing, thinking, reasoning, feeling, imagining, remembering, judging, etc. Mind also gross just as the body grows. As an individual grow, the functioning improves. However, in older age, the functioning gradually declines, just like there is decline in body functioning, too. There can be disturbances in cognitive functions, such as memory, decision, making, critical thinking, etc.
- 5. Body Mind Relationship Body: body is represented by physical states and body functions. Nervous system and glands are an important part of our body. They are also responsible for way of thinking, feeling and doing. All behaviours have an anal and physiological basis. Just like the Mind with the increasing age, specially in old age, there is a disturbance or decline in functioning of various systems, such as skeletal system, muscular system, cardiovascular system, etc. This shows how changes that occur with ageing in the body are accompanied by changes in the mind too.
- 6. Effect of bodyon the mind Body activity Effect on mind Increased blood pressure Mental excitement Severe pain Decreased ability to concentrate Chronic illness Depression Malfunctioning in endocrine gland Lethargy nervousness tension Impaired bowel function Tiredness and lethargic High pitch sound Unable to concentrate or think Sleep deprivation Irritability, lethargy effect, memory, and reduce cognitive power Amputation Low self-esteem or may feel depressed
- 7. Effect of mindand body Mind activity Effects on body Well, rested and fresh mind Increased product Impaired cognitive functioning Can lead to accidents, causing injuries. Overthinking and repeated thoughts Fatigue and produced work productivity Negative emotions Can affect behaviour example person may lose interest in eating food and disturb sleep Suppression of intense negative emotions Hypertension, Cardiac conditions, migraine, etc. Motivation Affect performance Emotional conflicts Peptic ulcers, ulcerative colitis.
- 8. Body Mind Relationship Relationship between body and the mind has an effect on health and illness. If the relationship is harmonious, it leads to good health while an adverse relationship leads to illness. If all the body and mental processes are functioning within normal range, the individual will experience good health. Disruption in anyone of the process will lead to illness.
- 9. Application of theknowledge of mind, body relationship For self-care Think positively Keep time for relaxation Eat, nutritious food and drink plenty of water Exercise daily
- 10. In Nursing practice Promotion of health and prevention of illness: Use role-play, puppet shows, stories, etc and inform the community about the body mind relationship so that health promotion and illness prevention occur. Secondary prevention: talk to your patients and their family members about the body, mind, interrelationship and ways to maintain a healthy mind in a healthy body so that there is smooth and quick recovery from illness. Tertiary prevention: counsel your patients who are undergoing rehabilitation about the body mind inter relationship so that the relationship process is facilitated and the individual is able to return to the pre-morbid level of functioning at the earliest.
- 11. Genetics and behaviour Heredity is the sum total of inborn individual traits. It is the sum of all biological processes through which specific characteristics are passed down from parents to children.
- 12. Process of conceptionand how life starts
- 13. Effect of geneticson Human behaviour Genetics influences an individual’s intellectual ability, personality and also risk for developing diseases. Heredity is the basis for development of human personality. It is like the raw material in the hands of artist.
- 14. Characteristics influences bygenetic factors Physical characteristics: Height Weight Obesity Tone of voice Blood pressure (etc)
- 15. Intellectual characteristics: Memory Intelligence Age of language acquisitions
- 16. Emotional Characteristics Shyness Extraversion Emotionality Neuroticism Anxiety
- 17. Environment and Heredity The influence of environment starts even before one is born, i.e. In the mother’s womb. There are 2 ways in which this happen: Preimplantation After conception
- 18. Preimplantation The mother’slifestyle – nutrition , substance use, obesity, or the presence of non communicable disease, such as diabetes mellitus, influence the development of the embryo after conception.
- 19. After conception Afterconception 3 types of environment can affect the growth and development of the embryo: Intracellular environment Intrauterine environment External environment
- 20. Intracellular environment Relatedto embryonic development Various chemicals factors such as glucose, growth factor, hormones, metabolic regulators, amino acids and cytokines contribute to healthy development.
- 21. Intrauterine Environment Itshelters the baby during prenatal life. The growth of the baby depends on the nourishment provided by the mother. The physiological and psychological states of the mother during pregnancy, her habits & interest etc. All influence the development of the child.
- 22. External environment Physicalenvironment Biological environment Psychosocial environment
- 23. Influence of heredityand environment Twin studies In the absence of parent’s supports a child’s Scores in school can be influenced. Not all children born to mentally ill parents have mentally ill child, environment play its role in the child mental development.
- 24. Application of knowledgeof genetic and behaviour Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention
- 25. Genetic counselling Preconceptioncounselling Counsel consanguineously wedded couples History of chemical, X ray , toxins , drugs exposure. One child with birth defector genetic disorder. After Amniocentesis
- 26. Role and Responsibilitiesof nurse in genetic counselling Good communicator Non judgmental Inform the patient & family Good decision maker
- 27. Brain and behaviour Brain is the core of the nervous system. The NS is the major controlling & regulatory system. Human behaviour involves the body-mind interaction of the various bodily factors.
- 28. The biologicalcontrol system Receptors Effectors Connectors
- 29. Receptors The senseorgans called receptors Stimuli in the form of various sensory experiences are received by our sensory organs known as receptors.
- 30. Types of receptors External receptors Internal receptors
- 31. External receptors Organswhich help us make contact with the outer world. E.g. Eyes, Ears, nose, tongue & skin. The specific receptors cells for receiving the external stimuli lie within these sensory organs. When receptors malfunctions they lead to sensory defects or disorders-visuals , auditory, cutaneous, olfactory, gustatory and kinaesthetic disorders.
- 32. Internal receptors Associatedwith internal stimuli present in our body. They are responsible for feelings of pain, hunger or nausea. They also help us in maintaining equilibrium, balance and bodily posture.
- 33. Effectors Muscles andendocrine glands called as effectors. What is received through sensory organs in the form of sensory input is responded through bodily reactions and motor activities which are carried out by muscles and glands. The hormones secreted by ductless(endocrine) glands are responsible for most of our behaviour.
- 34. Muscles Muscles helpthe organism to carry out motor activities in order to respond to various stimuli. Types of muscles: Smooth muscles Cardiac muscles Skeletal muscles
- 35. Smooth muscles Cardiac muscles Skeletal muscles Helps in theprocess of digestion, excretion & blood circulation. Function smoothly in a rhythmic fashion but when one is emotionally upset their normal functioning is disturbed causing heart trouble. Enables the individual to perform voluntary motor activities ranging from walking to the fine psychomotor skill like typing.
- 36. Glands Types : Duct glands(Salivary , gastric sweat, lacrimal etc) Ductless glands( pituitary , thyroid, parathyroid etc )
- 37. Connectors Helps inregulating, controlling or coordinating the activities of receptors & effectors. It is necessary for the body to provide messages to the muscles to coordinate. These messages are passed through specialized cells called “Neurons”.
- 38. Neuron Neurons arethe basic anatomic and functional unit in the NS. Size: 5 to 100 micro meter in diameter.
- 40. Types of neurons Sensory neuron Motor neuron Interneuron or association neuron
- 41. Physiology of nerveimpulses Neural Impulse Synapse Neurotransmitter