he Energy Internet
An alternative renewable power distribution system to the electrical grid using dynamic charging of autonomous eVehicles and Internet Routing Protocols
Energy Storage North America 2014: Realizing Vehicle Grid Integration: Key T...Paul Stith
Paul Stith - Director, Business Development & Regulatory Affairs @ EV Grid - Realizing Vehicle Grid Integration: Key Technical and Policy Issues.
Using Electric Vehicles as a grid resource. Project summaries, education, policy and technical challenges / opportunities.
California Energy Commission: (Preparing for Bi-Directional EV Energy Future)...Paul Stith
EV Grid participates in a number of Vehicle Grid Integration projects including V2G and Battery 2nd Life that optimize the value of electric vehicle batteries to EV owners, the utility grid and provide compounded GHG savings.
This presentation provides and update to the Commission on two such projects: University of Delaware Grid-on-Wheels demonstration and Clinton Global Initiative - V2G School Buses.
Workplace Charging Best Practices (CALSTART) Detroit June 18 2013CALSTART
Dr Jasna Tomic gave this presentation at the Workplace Charging Workshop, an event co-hosted by CALSTART and NextEnergy in Detroit, MI June 18, 2013. For more information on workplace charging visit www.evworkplace.org
CALSTART Clean Transportation Technologies and Solutions
he Energy Internet
An alternative renewable power distribution system to the electrical grid using dynamic charging of autonomous eVehicles and Internet Routing Protocols
Energy Storage North America 2014: Realizing Vehicle Grid Integration: Key T...Paul Stith
Paul Stith - Director, Business Development & Regulatory Affairs @ EV Grid - Realizing Vehicle Grid Integration: Key Technical and Policy Issues.
Using Electric Vehicles as a grid resource. Project summaries, education, policy and technical challenges / opportunities.
California Energy Commission: (Preparing for Bi-Directional EV Energy Future)...Paul Stith
EV Grid participates in a number of Vehicle Grid Integration projects including V2G and Battery 2nd Life that optimize the value of electric vehicle batteries to EV owners, the utility grid and provide compounded GHG savings.
This presentation provides and update to the Commission on two such projects: University of Delaware Grid-on-Wheels demonstration and Clinton Global Initiative - V2G School Buses.
Workplace Charging Best Practices (CALSTART) Detroit June 18 2013CALSTART
Dr Jasna Tomic gave this presentation at the Workplace Charging Workshop, an event co-hosted by CALSTART and NextEnergy in Detroit, MI June 18, 2013. For more information on workplace charging visit www.evworkplace.org
CALSTART Clean Transportation Technologies and Solutions
Tonia Buell, Expanding Fast Charging, November 2017Forth
Tonia Buell, Product Development Manager at Washington State Department of Transportation gave this presentation at Forth's netowrking event on November 9, 2017.
BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGIES ARE SHAPING NEW MOBILITY SOLUTIONS AND FUTURE CITIES GrzegorzOmbach
During the next 30 years, about 70% of the population will live in megacities. This shift requires entirely new approaches to urban mobility and urban planning. We can already see many positive developments, such as electric cars, e-scooters, e-buses, autonomous electric pods, e-planes, super-fast charging, stereoscopic garages and many others. New technologies like wireless charging, batteries with 10C rate for charging and discharging, and new 5G technology for more reliable and faster data communication will help to improve current mobility solutions and create new ones. This presentation will discuss some examples that are currently under development or in a test. It will give an outlook on future urban mobility as part of a new city concept.
Future Flight Fridays: Economic Benefits of Future FlightKTN
Join us monthly on a Friday lunchtime for Future Flight Fridays, a series of hour-long webinars ideal for anyone interested in becoming involved in the Future Flight programme. The series will cover diverse subjects and will help participants foster collaborations and share knowledge.
Kicking of Future Flight Fridays 2021 series with an introduction from PWC to the recently published Future Flight Challenge socio-economic study which showcases both the potential economic and societal benefits associated with six key use-cases. It will be followed by an investor panel discussion.
Future Flight Fridays is KTN’s webinar series that will help anyone interested in becoming involved in this programme to foster collaborations and share knowledge.
The Future Flight Challenge is a four year, £125m, Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund programme. Future Flight aims to revolutionise the way people, goods and services fly. It will support the development of a novel, integrated aviation system.
This challenge needs expertise from diverse sectors, not just aviation. The monthly webinar series will feature topics from various relevant sectors including creative industries, digital, infrastructure and law.
If you’re interested in building a diverse consortium, gaining new insights and finding technical expertise, find out what’s on in the series below.
Webinars in this series:
26th February | Economic Benefits of Future Flight
26th March | Women in Future Flight
23rd April | Dealing with Complexity
Electric Vehicle Charging Solutions by Eric SmithForth
Eric Smith, Territory Sales Manager at SemaConnect gave this presentation at the Managed Charging Pacific Northwest Utility EV Roundtable on February 25, 2021
Building owners have more questions and requests on how to integrate renewable power into their buildings. And as the Smart Grid evolves, integration of renewable energy sources is increasing. Possible renewable power technologies include solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass. As the technologies that support increasing use of renewable energy mature, the codes and standards that define their use, interconnection, and interoperability with the grid must keep pace with them. Engineers involved with integrating renewable power into buildings must be aware of the applicable energy codes and standards and how to properly implement them into the building design. They must also evaluate the design objectives, materials, systems, and construction from all perspectives. It’s critical for designers to assess the design for cost, quality of life, expansion capabilities, efficiencies, impact on environment, creativity, and productivity.
Tonia Buell, Expanding Fast Charging, November 2017Forth
Tonia Buell, Product Development Manager at Washington State Department of Transportation gave this presentation at Forth's netowrking event on November 9, 2017.
BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGIES ARE SHAPING NEW MOBILITY SOLUTIONS AND FUTURE CITIES GrzegorzOmbach
During the next 30 years, about 70% of the population will live in megacities. This shift requires entirely new approaches to urban mobility and urban planning. We can already see many positive developments, such as electric cars, e-scooters, e-buses, autonomous electric pods, e-planes, super-fast charging, stereoscopic garages and many others. New technologies like wireless charging, batteries with 10C rate for charging and discharging, and new 5G technology for more reliable and faster data communication will help to improve current mobility solutions and create new ones. This presentation will discuss some examples that are currently under development or in a test. It will give an outlook on future urban mobility as part of a new city concept.
Future Flight Fridays: Economic Benefits of Future FlightKTN
Join us monthly on a Friday lunchtime for Future Flight Fridays, a series of hour-long webinars ideal for anyone interested in becoming involved in the Future Flight programme. The series will cover diverse subjects and will help participants foster collaborations and share knowledge.
Kicking of Future Flight Fridays 2021 series with an introduction from PWC to the recently published Future Flight Challenge socio-economic study which showcases both the potential economic and societal benefits associated with six key use-cases. It will be followed by an investor panel discussion.
Future Flight Fridays is KTN’s webinar series that will help anyone interested in becoming involved in this programme to foster collaborations and share knowledge.
The Future Flight Challenge is a four year, £125m, Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund programme. Future Flight aims to revolutionise the way people, goods and services fly. It will support the development of a novel, integrated aviation system.
This challenge needs expertise from diverse sectors, not just aviation. The monthly webinar series will feature topics from various relevant sectors including creative industries, digital, infrastructure and law.
If you’re interested in building a diverse consortium, gaining new insights and finding technical expertise, find out what’s on in the series below.
Webinars in this series:
26th February | Economic Benefits of Future Flight
26th March | Women in Future Flight
23rd April | Dealing with Complexity
Electric Vehicle Charging Solutions by Eric SmithForth
Eric Smith, Territory Sales Manager at SemaConnect gave this presentation at the Managed Charging Pacific Northwest Utility EV Roundtable on February 25, 2021
Building owners have more questions and requests on how to integrate renewable power into their buildings. And as the Smart Grid evolves, integration of renewable energy sources is increasing. Possible renewable power technologies include solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass. As the technologies that support increasing use of renewable energy mature, the codes and standards that define their use, interconnection, and interoperability with the grid must keep pace with them. Engineers involved with integrating renewable power into buildings must be aware of the applicable energy codes and standards and how to properly implement them into the building design. They must also evaluate the design objectives, materials, systems, and construction from all perspectives. It’s critical for designers to assess the design for cost, quality of life, expansion capabilities, efficiencies, impact on environment, creativity, and productivity.
See highlights of our 2014 Solutions Inspiring Action registrants. Top Solutions will be invited to present their ideas at our annual event on 5-7 October in Savannah, GA.
Energy generated by using wind, tides, solar, geothermal heat, and biomass including farm and animal waste is known as non-conventional energy. All these sources are renewable or inexhaustible and do not cause environmental pollution. More over they do not require heavy expenditure.
Natural resources that can be replaced and reused by nature are termed renewable. Natural resources that cannot be replaced are termed nonrenewable.
Renewable resources are replaced through natural processes at a rate that is equal to or greater than the rate at which they are used, and depletion is usually not a worry.
Nonrenewable resources are exhaustible and are extracted faster than the rate at which they formed. E.g. Fossil Fuels (coal, oil, natural gas).
PPT ON NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES (Renewable energy resources)
Similar to Building an Energy Internet as an alternative renewable power distribution system to the electrical grid using dynamic charging of eVehicles
E-mobility | Part 4 - EV charging and the next frontier (English)Vertex Holdings
For the mass adoption of electric vehicle (EV) to become a reality, EV charging infrastructure must be made accessible, quick and reliable. Current signs indicate the sector is moving in the right direction – with China, Europe, US and Japan accelerating their charging infrastructure rollout plans, and notable charging network operators (i.e. ChargePoint, EVgo and Tritium) making billion-dollar exits.
Read more: https://bit.ly/3E8u4SL
Cross-Sector Battery Systems Innovation Network: Batteries for RailKTN
Building on the successful launch of the Cross-Sector Battery Systems Innovation Network in late September 2020, this webinar series will look into the opportunities and trends for Batteries in Defence, Maritime and Rail. Each session will bring together experts looking at the supply and demand side for batteries, technical requirements and explore how these wide range of sectors can decarbonise through batteries.
Distributed charging system is a system that divide the battery pack and charging them separately. Many different types of electric vehicle (EV) charging technologies are described in literature and implemented in practical applications. This paper presents an overview of the existing and proposed EV charging technologies in terms of converter topologies, power levels, power few directions and charging control strategies. An overview of the main charging methods is presented as well, particularly the goal is to highlight an effective and fast charging technique for lithium ions batteries.
Now a days world is shifting towards electrified mobility to reduce the pollutant emissions caused by nonrenewable fossil fueled vehicles and to provide the alternative to pricey fuel for transportation. But for electric vehicles, traveling range and charging process are the two major issues affecting it’s adoption over conventional vehicles.
With the introduction of Wire charging technology, no more waiting at charging stations for hours, now get your vehicle charged by just parking it on parking spot or by parking at your garage or even while driving you can charge your electric vehicle. As of now, we are very much familiar with wireless transmission of data, audio and video signals so why can’t we transfer power over the Air.
Similar to Building an Energy Internet as an alternative renewable power distribution system to the electrical grid using dynamic charging of eVehicles (20)
Governments around the world are starting to mandate that government funded organizations such as universities and NRENs develop Climate Change Preparedness plans. This is in recognition that we are already committed to a 2C average temperature increase and given the lack of any international agreement on curbing GHG emissions we may be headed to a 6C global average temperature increase. More severe weather patterns are expected which will cause severe disruption to our energy and physical infrastructure. Resilient networks, new network architectures and tools such as distance education and remote collaborative research will be required by our universities and schools to survive and endure periods of such extreme weather. A well designed and thought out Climate Change Preparedness plan can also help higher-ed and NRENs increase their operational resiliency, as well as significantly reduce their current electrical energy costs. In addition a good Climate Change Preparedness plan can also be an excellent way for higher-ed and NRENs to reduce their existing GHG footprint.
New business opportunities with zero carbon thinking and how California suburban lifestyle may be the answer to global warming and the need to adapt to a warmer climate through IT - the Energy Internet
Altered Terrain: Colonial Encroachment and Environmental Changes in Cachar, A...PriyankaKilaniya
The beginning of colonial policy in the area was signaled by the British annexation of the Cachar district in southern Assam in 1832. The region became an alluring investment opportunity for Europeans after British rule over Cachar, especially after the accidental discovery of wild tea in 1855. Within this historical context, this study explores three major stages that characterize the evolution of nature. First, it examines the distribution and growth of tea plantations, examining their size and rate of expansion. The second aspect of the study examines the consequences of land concessions, which led to the initial loss of native forests. Finally, the study investigates the increased strain on forests caused by migrant workers' demands. It also highlights the crucial role that the Forest Department plays in protecting these natural habitats from the invasion of tea planters. This study aims to analyze the intricate relationship between colonialism and the altered landscape of Cachar, Assam, by means of a thorough investigation, shedding light on the environmental, economic, and societal aspects of this historical transformation.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
Building an Energy Internet as an alternative renewable power distribution system to the electrical grid using dynamic charging of eVehicles
1. Building an alternative renewable
power distribution system to the
electrical grid using dynamic
charging of eVehicles
Latest Update October 29, 2015
Bill.st.arnaud@gmail.com
2. Executive Summary
• Charging eVehicles as they move (dynamic Charging) significantly reduces size and
weight of batteries as vehicle only needs enough battery capacity to get to next
dynamic charging station a few kilometers away
• It also allows eVehicles to become an energy transport system in addition to
carrying people and goods
• eVehicle can be used to transport energy from small distributed solar panels in
rural or suburban areas to buildings (V2B) in cities or other areas as needed
• Technology already working for buses in various cities around the world and in use
on factory floors
• Transportation and Electrical Energy Generation are the two largest sources of
CO2 emissions. Dynamic charging can significantly mitigate against these sources
CO2
3. Current limitations of eVehicles (EV)
• High capital cost due to large cost of batteries
• High operating cost because batteries need to be replaced every 2-5 years
• Limited range, especially in cold weather when battery capacity is reduced
– Battery capacity reduced by up to 1/3 if air conditioning or cabin
heating is required
• Long time to re-charge between trips
– So a small number of short trips within a day can deplete batteries
– Inhibits spontaneity of taking a long trip because of uncertainty of
charge state
• Battery powered trucks and buses are more problematic in terms of range
and cost
3
4. Alternative to the battery
• Rather than waiting for perfect battery why not change the charging
system?
• Old world thinking that vehicles must be stationary to be refueled.
– This was true when using fossil fuels
• But with electric vehicles there is no reason why they cannot be charged
while on the move
• Dynamic (on the move) charging (aka opportunity charging)
– Only 1/5 of battery capacity required compared to regular eVehicle
4
5. Dynamic Charging
• The current vision for most eVehicles is stationary charging at home or at the
office
• With dynamic mobile charging, the eVehicle can be charged as it is travelling
along the highway using power from roadside solar panels and/or windmills
– Technology already in use for public bus transportation in various cities and on
factory/warehouse systems (opportunity charging)
• eVehicle can then be used to deliver this energy as a backup or primary power
source at the home or office, rather than consuming electricity at destination
– Also known as Vehicle to Building (V2B) Power distribution
– http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/vehicle-to-building-technologies
• eVehicle then would become a competitor to the electrical grid for delivering
renewable energy.
6. Advantages of dynamic charging
• Smaller number of batteries possible -reducing capital costs
• Frequent charging of batteries prevents battery depletion and longer life
• Reduces concerns of range anxiety
• Heavier eVehicles such as trucks and buses are realistically possible
• Vehicle can be charged enroute and then used as an alternate power
source for the home or business –vehicle to grid or vehicle to business
• Eventually concepts of “packet” based power are conceivable leading to
future “Energy Internet”
6
7. Vehicle To Building (V2B) Power
• In the coming decade, the energy stored
electric vehicle batteries will increasingly be
made available to commercial buildings
• Numerous pilot projects are now underway
around the world to develop and test V2B
technologies.
• The majority of these programs are part of
larger projects that are testing microgrid and
smart grid technologies.
– http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/v
ehicle-to-building-technologies
8. Dynamic Charging Technologies
• Wireless :
– Inductive charging uses the electromagnetic field to transfer energy
between two objects in close
– Magnetic resonance uses the magnetic coupling of two objects
exchanging energy through their varying or oscillating magnetic
fields.
• Conductive Requires physical contact
– Overhead Conductive uses overhead rails or wires as in tram and
trolley wires
– In Ground Conductive embedded rails as in subways or slot car
racing
– Capacitive Umbrellas uses overhead “electrical umbrellas”
8
9. Wireless vs Conductive
• Wireless
– Pros
• No wires or physical obstructions
– Cons
• Difficult to maintain in heavy traffic and inclement weather such as ice and snow
• Concerns about impact on embedded medical devices such as pace makers from
strong magnetic fields
• Risks of fire if small pieces of metal debris or on charging pad
• Very low efficiencies
• Still experimental
• Conductive
– Pros
• In operation in several cities around the world with public buses and trams
• Well proven technology
– Cons
• Unsightly wires and infrastructure
• High voltages and currents
11. New IEEE pre-standardization for
dynamic wireless charging
• Power Transfer Industry Connections Activity.
• Motivation and goal: This IEEE Standards Association Industry
Connection Activity is related to pre--‐standardization efforts
in the domain of Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer with
a particular focus on dynamic wireless charging as these
efforts address the range limitation of electric vehicles as well
as the cost aspect of the vehicle energy storage and
complement the current standardization activities of the SAE
J2954)
14. Peugeot EX1
• First all electric race car to use dynamic charging
• http://www.gizmag.com/dynamic-charging-for-electric-race-cars/19344/
15. The e-quickie
• Student project to build dynamic charged ebike
• http://www.gizmag.com/e-quickie-electric-vehicle-with-wireless-energy-
transmission/16346/
16. EU Funded Program
• Project addresses directly the technological feasibility, economic
viability and socio-environmental of dynamic on-road charging of
electric vehicles
• Advanced solutions, conceived to enable full integration in the
grid and road infrastructure within urban- and extra-urban
environments for a wide range of future electric vehicles, will be
implemented and tested.
• http://www.fabric-project.eu/
17. England Is Going to Test Roads That Actually
Charge Electric Cars
Trials, slated to begin later this year, will
involve installing charging systems
underneath mock roads designed to
replicate real highway conditions. In
these “dynamic charging” systems, coils
are buried beneath the asphalt of special
charging lanes, offering contactless
charging to vehicles fitted with charging
“receivers.”
Read more:
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovati
on/england-going-to-test-roads-that-
actually-charge-electric-cars-
180956336/#ES24P9XDe7Exzlyy.99
18. Korean On Line Electric Vehicle
• http://www.gizmag.com/kaist-olev-electric-vehicle/12557/
19. KAIST reveals proof of concept
dynamic charging in city park
• Batteries 1/5 the size required for normal eVehicle
• http://www.gizmag.com/kaist-proof-of-concept-olev-power-road/14454/
20. KAIST rolling out dynamic wireless
charging in buses in South Korea
• City of Gumi in South Korea, beginning
on 6 August, is providing its citizens
with OLEV public transportation
services. After the successful operation
of the two OLEV buses by the end of
this year, Gumi City plans to provide
ten more such buses by 2015.
– http://www.greencarcongress.com/2013/0
8/kaist-20130808.html
21. Manhole cover charging in NYC
• HEVO Power, which is conducting a
manhole pilot with New York University
• New York City-based HEVO is focusing on
company vehicle fleets as its first market.
• Wireless charging for fleet vehicles makes
financial sense for corporations
• Wireless charging solves issues of the safety
hazard of long cords lying around,
vandalism, damaged connectors from
incorrect use and dead vehicles because
drivers forgot to plug them in
– http://www.eenews.net/stories/1059989839
22. Brabant NL to deploy world’s first
dynamic mobile charging
• Starting in mid -2013 the demonstration project will use inductive
charging to charge vehicles as they drive a special lane in the highway.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBTx87xiscs
– http://www.wired.com/autopia/2012/10/glowing-roads/
24. Shanghai Capabus – Capacitive Dynamic
Charging
China is experimenting with a
new form of electric bus, known
as Capabus, which runs without
continuous overhead lines (is an
autonomous vehicle) by using
power stored in large
onboard electric double-layer
capacitors (EDLCs), which are
quickly recharged whenever the
vehicle stops at any bus
stop (under so-called electric
umbrellas), and fully charged in
the terminus.
24
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa_vehicle
25. Opbrid Fast Charging
• Opbrid Introduces New Overhead Fast-Charging System for Buses;
Leveraging Lithium Titanate (nLTO) Battery Technology for Rapid Charge
Hybrids
– http://www.greencarcongress.com/2010/10/opbrid-20101006.html
26. Flash Charging of Buses
• 15 second charging of
bus at each stop
• http://www.abb.com/cawp/seitp202/93
15e568e4c6a1f8c1257b7400302fcd.aspx
27. Volvo’s electric i-road
• Volvo research into a future where
trucks and buses continuously are
supplied with electric power without
carrying large batteries. Instead,
power lines are built into the surface
of the road. This could be a future
solution for long-distance trucks and
buses running on electricity.
– http://news.volvogroup.com/2013/05/23
/the-road-of-tomorrow-is-electric/
30. Overhead Charging Umbrellas for cars
• Overhead charging umbrellas situated
every few kilometers
• Charging umbrellas can also be located at
drive through restaurants, banks, etc.
– https://lmco.brightidea.com/ct/ct_a_view_idea
.bix?c=DDB6E8A8-81B8-4F5E-8B70-
FCB95B8821EA&idea_id=20EDD0CA-0550-
4C4A-A40C-89FE35C2F7BA
• Excellent YouTube video:
– http://goo.gl/7ecGq
32. Next generation dynamic charging
3220 – 100 meters
Surplus power to
Grid for feed in
tariff
Inverter
Ultra-capacitor
Charging rail
eVehicle with charging skeg
More details: elways.se
Roadside solar panel array
33. How does it work
• Photovoltaic (PV) solar panels charge ultra-capacitor connected to a charge rail
• When eVehicle approaches charge rail skeg underneath vehicle makes contact
with in ground charging rail
• Ultra-capacitor discharges onto onboard ultra-capacitor in eVehicle through
charging skeg located underneath vehicle
• Onboard ultra-capacitor slowly discharges to vehicle motor and batteries
– Potential demonstrated with Shanghai buses at Washington U
• When solar panel or windmill is not charging vehicles it can be used to feed power
into grid
– FIT programs will pay up to 80.5 cents/kwh
– Annual payback of 6-10%
33
34. Rough Calculations
• Electric car consumes 200-400 whr/km
• Assume only one electric car on highway every hour
– Reasonable assumption given number of eVehicles on road today
• Therefore only need 4-5 panel 150W panel array every kilometer
– Allowing for panel and capacitor inefficiencies
• As number and frequency of vehicles increases, size of and frequency
arrays will need to be increased
– 4 lane divided highway has approximately 3000 cars/hr maximum capacity
– Maximum power draw per km would be 200-400 whr/km x 3000 cars = .6 -1.2 Mw/km
– Approximately 10,000 panels required per km at peak traffic load
35. Case Study Golf Cart
For proposed Crowdsource funding
• Application:
– Golf courses, retirement community vehicles, university campus service fleet, emergency V2B backup for
critical systems such as network and computing equipment
• Assume :
– Golf course with dynamic charge rail at each hole and course distance 10km (including distance between
holes) or average .5km hole
– Typical golf cart consumption 200 wh/km. Therefore need to charge golf cart 100 wh to get to next hole
– 2 Golf carts arriving at a given hole every 7-8 minutes –9 arrivals per hour
• Solar capacity:
– 2 x 100 wh x 9 arrivals/hr = 1.8 kwh
– Assuming 150w panels = 12-15 panels average per hole
• Skeg power capacity:
– Assume golf cart stays on charging rail for one minute= 6000 watt-minutes power transfer
– Approx 6000 volts @1A or 250V @ 20A or 600V @ 10A for 60v @ 100A or 48V @125A
– Note that streetcar and subways usually operate at 600V @ 200 A & Elways claims 250 Kw power
– 48V design would eliminate need for DC/DC converters (but would not be useful for cars or trucks)
• Ultra capacitor size:
– Maxwell BCAP 3000 3wh => 33 caps required
36. System Diagram for Golf Cart System
Solar PV
array
Inverter
Regulator
Charger
DC/DC
Converter
Ultra
Capacitor
Battery
Bank
Charge Rail
600V
600V
.1 KW
48V
1.5 KW
600V
.1KW
Ske
g
Battery
Bank
Motor
48V
Ultra
Capacitor
100wH
500wH
DC/DC
Converter
Solenoid
Rail
Activation
Switch
Rail De-
Activation
Switch
To grid
~
GolfCart
37. Golf Cart System Design Notes
• Golf Cart electrical systems are very simple typically with 48V circuits
– http://s985.photobucket.com/user/wizards1/media/DIAGRAMS/1980marathonwiringdiagram.png.html
• 600V design chosen for charge rail as this is the most common voltage for streetcars, subways,
etc. But based on design of charge rail and skeg other voltages and power ratings may make
more sense to reduce arcing and/or welding
• DC/DC converter pulse power requirements is .5KW over 1 minute duration assuming voltage rail
is 600 V
– DC/DC converters should be bi-directional to enable future V2B and power routing applications
• Assumption that golf cart stays in contact with rail for 1 minute. May be possible to use higher
currents and voltages or longer rails
– E.g. Elways has tested their rail at 250KW continuous
• Solar array charging system has 5x capacity of individual golf cart to enable charging of several
carts in rapid succession
• Only one golf cart allowed per charge rail segment. Charge rail may be made up many segments
to allow several carts to be charged at once
• For rail and skeg design see www.elways.se
38. Why not use power from grid for
dynamic charging?
• Within 3- 4 years it is expected electricity from solar panels will be cheaper than from grid
– http://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/11/24/business/energy-environment/solar-and-wind-
energy-start-to-win-on-price-vs-conventional-fuels.html?referrer=&_r=0
• Most grid systems have large percentage of coal power
– CO2 savings are marginal
– Scant CO2 Benefit from China’s Coal-Powered Electric Cars
– http://green-broadband.blogspot.com/2011/10/scant-co2-benefit-from-chinas-
coal.html
• Grid interconnection fees, transformers, debt retirement charges, etc significantly drive up
costs
– However in some locations using solar panel to feed power to grid may allow for
additional revenue
• Grid and utility power reliability is declining with increased severe weather due to climate
change
38
39. Future vulnerability of grid
why we need an alternative for distribution of local renewable power
• “US Energy sector vulnerabilities to
climate change and extreme weather” US
Department of Energy July 2013
– http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/20
13/07/f2/20130716-
Energy%20Sector%20Vulnerabilities%
20Report.pdf
39
Recent Sample outages
• Coal and nuclear power generating
capacity will decrease by between 4
and 16 percent in the United States
and a 6 to 19 percent decline in
Europe due to lack of cooling water.
• http://www.reuters.com/articl
e/2012/06/04/climate-water-
energy-
idUSL3E8H41SO20120604
40. Why not use fixed static charging
stations?
• Static or fixed charging assumes infrequent charges with deep charging
cycles and large battery capacity versus dynamic charging assumes
frequent charges with small charging cycles and smaller battery capacity
• Current systems may require several hours to provide full charge
• Fixed charging stations are difficult to find and get blocked by current
charging vehicle
– Limited capability to charge multiple vehicles at the same time
because of long charging cycle
• Fixed charging stations require driver to get out of vehicle and connect
charging cable
40
41. Past concerns about using Solar Panels
for Charging EV
• Previous attempts to use solar panels for static charging of
eVehicles have not been very successful
– Very large solar arrays are required because need to recharge depleted
battery bank
– Doesn’t work at night time or on cloud days
– Design premised that each vehicle requires long deep charge cycle
• With dynamic charging only have to provide enough power to get
to next charging station
– Don’t need to design to recharge depleted batteries
– Solar panel capacity per charge therefore considerably less
• Dynamic charging also means smaller battery capacity required
which reduces vehicle weight and improves performance and cost
– Up to 1/5 battery capacity required with dynamic charging
42. Initial target markets
• Drive through banks, fast food restaurants, parking garages, universities,
golf courses, etc
– “Will that be fries with your free electrical charge?”
– Complete package of PV system on roof connected to ultra-capacitor
and charge rail
– When PV is not charging vehicles it can be making money from feed in
tariff
– Guaranteed 6-10% return even if not a single vehicle charged
• V2B for maintain critical systems at universities and businesses such as
computing and network equipment, alarm systems, etc
• Eventually deployed at toll plazas, on/off ramps, stop lights and
intersections
42
43. eVehicle energy storage and micro
grids for university
43
UCSD 2nd life battery program
University Delaware use of eVehicles for power
44. Suburban sprawl may be answer to
global warming
• Suburban lifestyle with distributed solar panels on
every house with dynamic charging of vehicles driving
by the house
• Rather than charging vehicles at home and driving to
work or shopping, vehicle is charged on the way to and
from work or shopping
• eVehicle can then be used for supplementary power
during the day at work, or during the night at home
– http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/vehicle-to-
building-technologies
• Suburban sprawl to power cities of the future
– http://www.lincoln.ac.uk/news/2013/07/745.asp
• How suburban sprawl paradoxically could be the
answer to global warming
– http://goo.gl/bXO6x
45. Research Initiatives-Energy Internet
• With Energy Internet it is assumed that many energy consuming devices power have
their own local power source e.g:
– WiFi spot with its own solar panel
– Backup battery power on computer
– Electric vehicle with its own battery bank
• Many possible virtual and real power circuits: Software Defined Power Networks
– PoE, USB, Traditional 110/220, 48V Dc,Pulse power over Cat 5
– Power routing across devices following path of virtual power circuit
• Ideal for existing intelligent networked devices like computers, switches, routers,
servers, Wifi hot spots , electric vehicle charging stations, etc
– Most of these devices have their own on board storage and so techniques such as round-robin
power distribution are possible
• Network engineers & researchers have to start thinking how to deploy networks that are
powered solely by solar power
– http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob-commentary/rob-insight/an-earth-
day-look-at-the-sunny-state-of-solar/article18101176/#dashboard/follows/ …
45
46. The Future – “Energy Internet”
• eVehicle becomes more than a human transportation system
– it also becomes an energy transport system to transfer
renewable energy between dynamic charging stations
– E.g. power from under utilized charging stations can be delivered
by eVehicle to charging stations that are heavily used
– Or power can be brought to the home to provide backup power to
the home
• Dynamic charging station becomes energy packet
router/switch!
• Rather than eVehicle coming home with depleted batteries,
instead it comes home fully charged in order to provide power
to the home
• eVehicle becomes competitive alternative to the electrical grid
• http://Green-broadband.blogspot.com
46
47. “Packetized Power” with autonomous
eVehicles
• Autonomous eVehicles could be used to capture renewable
power from solar panels along highways to deliver to remote
sites
• Alternative back up power source instead of diesel generators
• Autonomous vehicles could store and forward power to other
vehicles at packet power routing points
• Where practical can be also used to carry passengers – next
generation ZipCar
48. More on Energy Internet
• How suburban sprawl paradoxically could be the answer to global warming
http://goo.gl/bXO6x
• Green Investment Opportunity for small business - on the move electric car charging
http://goo.gl/c44Tv
• Dynamic Charging and Why Energy needs to be Free to reduce CO2
http://goo.gl/LQQum
• Packet Based Energy Delivery Systems
http://goo.gl/pZEdE
• Electric roads and Internet will allow coast to coast driving with no stopping and no
emissions
http://goo.gl/lMmLy
49. Let’s Keep The Conversation Going
E-mail
Bl
og
s
http://green-broadband.blogspot.com
Twitt
erhttp://twitter.com/BillStArnaud
Bill.St.Arnaud@gmail.com
Bill St. Arnaud is a R&E Network and Green IT
consultant who works with clients on a variety
of subjects such as the next generation
research and education and Internet networks.
He also works with clients to develop practical
solutions to reduce GHG emissions such as
free broadband and electrical highways (See
http://green-broadband.blogspot.com/) .
50. E1-Assist Concept
• EV charging system that makes use of existing technology
• System comes as a trailer-like unit hauled by a truck. Private electric cars
can simply merge with the truck and accomplish any energy needs on the
go.
• http://www.environmentteam.com/concept/category/futuristic-vehicles/
51. Hybrid Transport System
• Similar concept for capacitive charging proposed in French patent
• Interesting concept of alternating polarity on single rail
– http://www.hybrid-engine-hope.com/hybrid_transport_system
52. Arizona Dynamic Charging Solar Train
• Proposed solar train between Phoenix and Tuscon
• Solar panels will power train and provide surplus power to the grid
– http://www.solarbullet.org/
53. SAE standards for wireless charging
• SAE has launched a taskforce (SAE J2954) on the “Wireless Charging of
Electric and Plug-in Electric Vehicles”—i.e. EVs and PHEVs.
• The taskforce goal is to establish performance and safety limits for
wireless power transfer for automotive applications while establishing a
minimum interoperability requirement.
• The scope of the work covers light duty passenger EVs and PHEVs and
buses. Charging locations to be considered include residential; on-road
(static and dynamic)
54. Things that need to be researched
• Design of charging whip and charging rail to ensure good contact at
reasonable high speed
• How much current, and how fast, can one ultra-capacitor discharge to
another capacitor?
• Length of charging rail and time need to charge?
• Communications system and signaling between eVehicle and dynamic
charging station
• How to handle multiple eVehicles going through charging system at the
same time?
54