During the next 30 years, about 70% of the population will live in megacities. This shift requires entirely new approaches to urban mobility and urban planning. We can already see many positive developments, such as electric cars, e-scooters, e-buses, autonomous electric pods, e-planes, super-fast charging, stereoscopic garages and many others. New technologies like wireless charging, batteries with 10C rate for charging and discharging, and new 5G technology for more reliable and faster data communication will help to improve current mobility solutions and create new ones. This presentation will discuss some examples that are currently under development or in a test. It will give an outlook on future urban mobility as part of a new city concept.

1. BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGIES ARE SHAPING NEW
MOBILITY SOLUTIONS AND FUTURE CITIES
Grzegorz Ombach, PhD
11.12.2019

2. Global Trends
Global urbanisation
70% of world’s population will live in cities by
2050 from 50% currently
(World Health Organization 2014)
Congestion
Total global vehicles increasing from 1.1bn today
to 2.5bn by 2050
(OECD Report 2012)
Air pollution
600,000 premature deaths European Region in
2010
US$1.6 trillion is the economic cost
(Environmental Protection Agency – European Commission)
Accidents
1.35 million deaths worldwide doe to vehicle
crashes in 2016
50 million injuries worldwide do to vehicle crashes
in 2018
2 out of 3 people will be involved in a drunk crash
in their lifetime

3. Increasing City Influence
FUTURE SOCIETAL TRENDSRoad (11.9%)
Parking (21.8%)
Building (5.3%)
Other (61.0%)

4. Future of mobility
Electric
Batteries
New charging infra
New Powertrain
Connected
4G, 5G, DSRC, V2X
Cloud
New architectures
Autonomous
Sensing
Processing
New architectures
Shared
New business models
New type of vehicles
New platforms

5. Powered Mechanically by
Internal Combustion Engine
Controlled mechanically
Energized by petroleum
Stand-alone
Total Dependence on the Driver
Vehicle Sized for Maximum Use – People
and Cargo
Powered Electrically by Electric Motors
Controlled Electronically
Energized by Electricity and Hydrogen
“Connected”
Future DNA
Semi/Full Autonomous Driving
Vehicle Tailored to Specific Use
Current DNA
Changing Automotive DNA after 100 years

6. https://www.statista.com/statistics/525544/number-of-petrol-fuel-filling-stations-in-germany/
Petrol stations – model
Assumptions:
• Analysis for Germany
• 46 million cars on the roads
• 14.000km per year average
• Average Tank = 50l
• Average refuelling time = 10min
• 14.500 petrol stations (average 6 pumps = 87.000 pumps)
Calculations:
• 14.000km per year ➔ 10l per 100km, Tank 50l = 500km
➔ 28 times per year
• 28 times per year x 46 million cars =
1.288.000.000/360days/12hours/6 (every 10 min) = 49.691
cars refuelling every 10min/ 6 pumps = 8.281 petrol stations
• Overlap 1.75x more

7. 2019 in Germany 20k public charging stations
Charging stations – model
https://below2c.org/2017/09/6-reasons-evs-coming-faster-think/
Assumptions:
• Analysis for Germany
• 4 million cars on the roads in 2025, 10 millions
EVs by 2030
• 14.000km per year average
• Average battery = 60kWh
• Average energy consumption = 20kWh/100km
Calculations:
• 14.000km per year ➔ 20kWh per 100km, Battery 60kWh = 300km ➔ 47 times per year
• Level 1/2 3-11kW (home) 30% 1.2m 20-6h
• Level 2 11-22kW (public/work) 60% 2.4m 6-3h
• Level 3+ 50-900kW (public/highway) 10% 0.4m 1-0.1h
Level 2 11kW ➔ 6h Charging time ➔ 2.4m/4x per day = 600k public/work charging stations by 2025
and 1.5m public/work charging stations by 2030

8. Charging stations
https://www.motoringresearch.com/car-news/germany-one-million-chargers/
In Europa we need:
4.8m public/work charging stations by 2025
9m public/work charging stations by 2030

9. Public infrastructure is not enough to support E-mobility
• Proven model for public/work charging – example from China Tgood
• New battery and charging technology
• Automatic driving (5G) with automatic charging

10. Public and work charging infrastructure – China Tgood example
http://tgood.com/int/en/

11. https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/5/18251690/piech-automotive-electric-
supercar-ev-battery-new-cell
https://newatlas.com/piech-4-minute-40-ev-charging/59597/
Super fast charging with new battery technology

12. OR (MORE LIKELY)
Induced demand for mobility as access becomes
easier for:
• Poor and Disabled
• Wishing for low cost door-to-door convenience
NEED FOR PUBLIC POLICY
• Deter zero and single occupancy rides
• Incentivize public transport in peak hour/high throughput areas
• Incentive ride sharing, disinvest in public transport in suburbs
and off-peak?
Autonomous vehicles and 5G for automatic charging

13. Ultrasonic
sensors
Radar
Front camera,
surround vision
Lidar
LTE
DSRC Maps and
localization LTE V2X
Support for server
computing and
route planning
(V2C)
Navigation and path
prediction
Real-time obstacles on road
features and obstacles
Direct connect using LTE-Direct
Reduced bandwidth and
improved latency
Wi-Fi based point-to-point
V2V, V2I, V2P
Computer vision and deep learning
networks
Security
and safety
Power optimized brain
for the vehicle
Fusion of information from
multiple sensors/sources
Path prediction, route
planning, control feedback
Autonomous
car
5G Fusion
5G will support fully autonomous capabilities

14. Cellular V2X provides a path to autonomy
Queue
warning
Forward collision warning Do Not Pass Warning (DNPW)
Blind
intersection
Cooperative
adaptive
cruise control
and
platooning
Vulnerable Road
User (VRU) alerts
Emergency
vehicle
alert
Discover parking
and charging
Traffic signal priority
and optimal speed advisory
Curve speed warning
* www.iteris.com/cvria/html/applications/applications.html

15. Automatic charging - Wireless charging Stationary and Dynamic
https://www.slideshare.net/GrzegorzOmbach/current-status-and-outlook-of-stationary-
and-dynamic-wireless-charging

16. Automatic charging – Robo charging
https://techcrunch.com/2019/08/01/an-autonomous-robot-ev-charger-is-
coming-to-san-francisco/
https://www.kuka.com/en-au/products/robotics-systems/kuka-
ladeassistent-carla_connectelectrive.com/2019/05/15/easelink-demonstrates-fully-automatic-charging/
http://tgood.com/int/en/

17. • Charging infrastructure - a third most crucial barrier to EV purchase, behind price and
driving range
• By 2025 only Germany requires 600k public charging points, and by 2030 about 1.5m
– this huge gap must be addressed mostly by municipalities
• New technologies like very fast-charging batteries, automatic driving/parking, and
charging will help to bridge the gap in a public infrastructure