Durian is known as the "king of fruits" in Southeast Asia due to its unique flavor and aroma. While most Asians admire its taste, Westerners often find the odor overpowering and unpleasant. The document then provides detailed information about the durian tree and fruit, including its scientific name, origin, season, physical characteristics, cultivation methods, pests and diseases. It also discusses durian production, harvesting techniques, marketing and exports. Durian is mainly produced in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia for domestic consumption as well as limited exports to nearby countries.

1. Roscita Manja
Deena Binti Roslee
Noor Albannia Natasya Binti Jabi

2. • Durian which also known as the king of fruits
is the most highly prizes in southeast Asia.
Admired of it delicate of flavor and taste by
most Asians, but is abhorred by most
westerners because of its strong and
unusually overpowering, repugnant odor.

3. Scientific Name : Durio zibethinus Murr
Common Name : Durian Putih / biasa
Family : Bombacaceae
Origin : Borneo, wild trees have been recorded
ARS, ulu Dusun, Sandakan
Durian season : 1st season June – August
2nd season November - January

4. • THE TREE grows up to 10-25 m and with a
diameter of 35 cm.

5. • THE LEAVES are alternate, chartaceous and
elliptical. Lower surface of leaf is covered with
short fimbriate and a layer of sparse stellate
hairs.

6. • THE FLOWER usually white in color, are borne in cluster, 15-30
cm from ground level on the trunk. Flowering stage start
when the tree reach the age of 5 -6 years old

7. • THE FRUITS are edible and having a long stalk 8-10
cm and a spikes skin, young fruits are green and turn
yellow when ripe. Inside of the food contain 5
superficial lobes or valve and flesh. Matured 3-5
month after flowering

8. • THE FLESH (aril) yellowish in color has a taste
of rancid butter or caramel custard (creamy
nyum!)

9. • THE SEED is completely covered with aril
(flesh).

10. • As a sources of food (rich in vitamins)
• Provide job opportunity
• Reduce unemployment
• Increase the income of the community
• Increase economic resources and income of
country.

11. • Durian needs tropical climate within 27˚C-32 ˚
C and 1800-4000 mm rain per year for optimal
growth.
• Durian also needs dry season within 1-3
month for the flowering .
• Well-drainage soil – sandy loam
• A soil ph of between 6.1 and 7.5

12. • Durio dulcis
• Features : red pericarp and pale yellow aril

13. • Durio graveolens
• Features : yellow pericarp and dark pink aril.

14. • Durio kutejensis
• Features : yellow pericarp and orange aril

15. • Durio lowianus
• Features : round with cream colored aril

16. • By seeds (Seeds washed, dried for 1 or 2 days
and planted have shown 77-80% germination.
Seedling durian trees have borne fruit at 5
years of age)
• By grafting (Selected cultivars are propagated
by patch-budding onto rootstocks 2 months old
and pencil-thick, and the union should be
permanent within 25 to 30 days. The plants can
be set out in the field within 14 to 16 months. )

18. • Planting system: square, triangular,
rectangular & Quincunx system
• Planting distance: 10.5m x 10.5 or 12m x 12m
• Planting hole: 0.6m x 0.6m x 0.6m

19. • Fertilizing
• Apply as basal 50 grams (5 tbsp.) of complete fertilizer (14-14-14) or based
on soil analysis and cover with thin layer of soil. Rate of application
increases as tree matures.
• Apply organic fertilizer at the rate of 10-20 kg/tree, according to tree size.
• Apply express or foliar fertilizer for incomplete fruit harvest.
• Fertilizers placed in pockets around the tree Fertilizers placed in a trench along the drip-line

20. Pruning
• Prune/remove dead, broken or diseased branches
and water shoots to obtain desired canopy shape
to enhance production of fruits.
A scissor or hook-and-blade shears An anvil shears
1. Good cut; 2. Bad cuts

21. 3 steps to saw off a large branch

23. Pest management
• Fruit borers (Tonica lagaropis &Conogethes
punctiferalis)
[Light trapping for adult population]
• Shot-hole borer (Xyleborus sp.)
[Application of insecticides.]
• Fungus (Phytophthora palmivora)
[Implementing appropriate orchard management
practices, cultural and biological controls and through
the judicious use of appropriate chemicals.]

24. • At the nursery stage, seedlings are watered twice daily.
• Field planting is usually done at the onset of the rainy season. Good drainage is
required to avoid puddles in the root region which may hinder proper root
development.
• Drip irrigation, at a rate of 4-6 liters/day/plant – depending on the size of the
plant – is recommended.
• Flowering starts during the dry months. A longer drought period encourages
flowering. During these months, minimal irrigation is necessary to support
vegetative growth.
• Water at about 6-8 liters/day/plant is necessary during fruit development. Excess
water encourages vegetative growth which may result in premature fruit drop.

25. • Durian can be harvest after 5-6 years age after flowering.
• Clear the ground beneath the durian tree.
• They build grass huts nearby at harvest time and camp there for 6 or 8 weeks in order to be
ready to collect each fruit as soon as it falls.
• Harvesters normally work in pairs, one on tree choosing the mature fruit. Using a sharp
and clean knife, he cuts the fruit from the tree leaving about 10 cm. The common method
is to catch it with a net to prevent it from dropping directly on the ground.
• After harvesting, the durian should not be placed directly on the floor but on a container,
e.g. a plastic or bamboo basket. This is to guard against fungal infection which can cause
rotting during transportation and distribution.
• Caution is necessary when approaching a durian tree during the ripening season

26. Net

28. Lempok durian and its packaging
Durian fruit production during the main harvest season is
abundant and some of them can not be absorbed by
consumers. Therefore, improving the storability of durian
through processing the durian become "lempok". Lempok is a
semi-moist snack that made from durian fruit with or without
the addition of sugar. Lempok which will be marketed is
packaged using plastic material or leaf.The shape and form
look like cylinder or triangular with 0.25 to 0.50 kg weight.

29. PROCESS
The preferred Lempok is made from raw materials durian
flesh: glutinous rice flour (9: 1) by adding 20% sugar and 14%
coconut milk from the main raw material weight. The financial
analysis shows the R / C ratio of 1.58.
PACKAGING
For packaging, packaging made of paper bags and boxes of
secondary packaging.

30. PROCESS - PACKAGING

31. • Commercial production of durian is concentrated in Thailand (900,000 to 950,000 tonnes)
followed by Malaysia (400,000 tonnes) and Indonesia (200,000 tonnes).
• The marketing period of durian is affected by short harvest seasons.
• Most durian produced is consumed locally while only a small percentage is exported.
• Malaysia exports a relatively small amount to Singapore and Brunei. The production in
Indonesia , the Philippines and Brunei is not sufficient to meet domestic demand , thus
imports from Malaysia and Thailand are necessary.
• Nowadays there many shop that sell durian in fresh or improve product.
• Durio zibethinus is the only species available in the international market: other species are
sold in their local regions. There are hundreds of durian cultivars; many consumers express
preferences for specific cultivars, which fetch higher prices in the market

32. • . Like many of life’s greatest experiences,
eating durian cannot be adequately
described with words. Durian has a
characteristic delicious flavour, creamy
texture, and tantalizing fragrance that is
just… durian! — the king of fruits, nature’s
most magnificent fruit gift.

34. Thank you…