The document summarizes information on several pests that affect tomatoes, including the tomato fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera), serpentine leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), aphids (Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae), thrips (Thrips tabaci), and red spider mite (Tetranychus spp.). It describes the identification, life cycle, nature of damage, and management strategies for each pest. Key pests mentioned are the tomato fruit borer, which bores into and destroys tomato fruits, and whitefly, which transmits the tomato leaf curl virus.

2. 1.Tomato Fruit Borer
•S.N. - Helicovera armigera
•Family - Noctuidae
•Order - Lepidoptera

3. Economical importance
•Serious pest of Tomato
•Widely distributed in the tropic ,sub tropics
and warmer temperate region of the word .
• It is serious pest onTur &Gram

4. Caterpillar
• Caterpillars are of varying
color.
• Body covered with radiating
hairs.
• Initially brown and later
turn greenish with darker
broken lines along the side
of the body.
Mark of Identification

5. Moth
• Moth is stout, medium
sized ,light yellowish
brown .
• Forewings are pale brown
with a dark brown circular
spot in the center .
• Hind wings are pale
smoky white with blackish
outer border

6. Life history
•Eggs -Tender part of the leaves and plant
•Larva - 18 -25 days
•Pupa - in Soil
•Life cycle - 5-6days.

7. Fruit Borer
Eggs Larva
Adult Pupa

8. Nature of damage
•Young larvae feed on tender foliage
•Full gown larvae attack the fruits .
•They bore circular holes ,enters the fruits and feed on inner
contain of the fruits .
•If the fruit is bigger in size .,It is only partly damaged by
caterpillar .
•Later it is infected by fungi and bacteria which is spoiled
completed .
•The larvae move from one fruit to another .
•A single caterpillar damage and destroy 2 to 8 fruits .

9. Nature of damage

10. Management
•Collect and destroy the infected fruits and grown up larvae.
•Grow simultaneously 40 days old American tall marigold
and 25 days old tomato seedling at 1:16 rows.
•Ploughing the field after harvest of the crop would expose
the pupae which would be destroyed by birds .
•Setup pheromone trap with Helilure at 12/ha
•Grow less susceptible varieties Rupali ,Roma,Pusa red
plume .
•Spray Bacillus thuringiensis 2g/lit .

11. •Release Trichogramma pretiosum @ 1 lakh nos. /ha
release at an interval of 7 days starting from flower
initiation stage.
•For Helicoverpa armigera Spray HaNPV @250
LE./ha
•Release of Trichogramma chilonis @ 50,000/ha
release at an flower initiation stage.
•Release of chrysoperla carnea @ 50,000 eggs /ha
release at from 30 days after planting .

12. Chemical control
Insecticide Dose
Azadirachtin 1.0 % EC 2.0 ml/ lit
Indoxacarb 14.5 % SC 8 ml/10 lit
Flubendiamide 20 WG 5 g/10 lit
Novaluron 10 % EC 7.5 ml/10 lit
Phosalone 35 % EC 13 ml/10 lit
Quinalphos 25 % EC 1.0 ml/ lit

13. Serpentine Leaf Miner
•S.N - Liriomyza trifolii
•Family - Agromyzidae
•Order - Diptera
•It has been introduced pest into India
through chrysanthemum cuttings.

14. Mark of Identification
• Larva:
Minute orange yellowish apodous maggots
•Pupa:
Yellowish brown
•Adult:
Pale yellow in color

15. Serpentine leaf miner

16. Life history
• Egg - Singly laid on upper surface of leaf
• L.P. - 7 -10 days.
• Pupa - is in soil.
• Some pupae are found in leaves.
• Total life cycle takes 3 weeks.

17. Nature Of Damage
•Maggot feeds on leaves
of chlorophyll mining in
between epidermal
layers.
•Leaves with serpentine
mines
•Drying dropping of leaves
in severe case

18. Leaf mining damage on leaves

19. Control Measures
•Collect and destroy mined
leaves.
•Spray NSKE 5%.

20. Tomato Leaf Miner
•S.N - Tuta absoluta
•Family - Gelechidae
•Order - Lepidoptera

21. White fly
• Whitefly - Bemisia tabaci
•Family - Aleurodidae
•Order - Hemiptera
• Vector of tomato leaf curl disease.

22. Mark of Identification
• Egg
Pear shaped, light yellowish.
•Nymph
On hatching - Oval, scale-like, greenish
white.
•Adult
White, tiny, scale-like adults.

23. whitefly

24. Nature Of Damage
•Nymph and adult
•Chlorotic spots
•Yellowing
•Downward curling and drying of leaves.
•Vector of tomato leaf curl disease.

25. Fruit damage Silvery damage

26. Tomato leaf curl

27. Control Measures
•Uproot and destroy the diseased leaf curl plants
•Use nitrogen and irrigation carefully .
•Remove alternate weed host Abutilon indicum
•Use yellow sticky traps at 12/ha to attract and kill
insects.
•Apply carbofuran 3% G @ 40 kg /ha or spray any
one of the following insecticides

28. Chemical control
Insecticide Dose
• Dimethoate 30 % EC 1.0 ml/lit.
• Malathion 50 % EC 1.5 ml/ lit.
• Oxydemeton –Methyl 25 % EC 1.0 ml/ lit.
• Thiamethoxam 25 % WG 4.0 ml/10 lit.

29. Aphids
• S.N. - Aphis gossypii,
Myzus persicae
• Family - Aphididae
• Order - Hemiptera

30. Aphid

31. Nature of damage .
•Nymphs and adults suck the sap from the
leaves
•The affected plants turn yellow, get deformed
and dry away
• Aphids also secrete honeydew on which sooty
mould grows, which hampers the
photosynthetic activity.

32. Control Measures.
• Given under citrus psylla
• Seed treatment with imidachloprid
• Thiamethoxam 5 kg/seed
• Use of yellow sticky trap.

33. Thrips
• S.N. - Thrips tabaci
• Family - Thripidae
• Order - Thysonoptera

34. Identification of pest:
•Nymphs:Yellowish
•Adult: Dark coloured with fringed
wings

35. Nymph Adult

36. Nature of damage .
• Silvery streaks on leaf surface
•Pre-mature dropping of flowers
•Bud necrosis.
•Vector of tomato spotted wilt virus.

37. Control Measures.
• Mechanically uproot the diseased plants and
destroy them.
• Use yellow sticky traps @ 15/ha
• Release larvae of Chrysoperla carnea @10,000/ha
• Spray methyl demeton 25 EC @1lit/ha or
dimethoate 30 EC @1lit/ha

38. Nature of damage

39. Red spider mite
• S.N. - Tetranychus spp
• Family - Tetranychidae
• Order - Acarina

40. Identification of pest:
•Eggs : Hyaline, globular laid in mass
•Nymphs :Yellowish in color
•Adult : Red colored small sized

41. Red Spider Mite

42. Nature of damage .
•Affected leaves become reddish brown and
bronzy
•Severe infestation larvae silken webbing
on the leaves, wither and dry
•Flower and fruit formation affected

43. Nature of damage

44. Control Measures.
• Spray wettable sulphur 50 WP
2g/lit
• Spray dicofol 18.5 EC 2.5
ml/lit