The document discusses several challenges in drug discovery and different discovery approaches. It outlines issues with the traditional high-throughput screening approach such as low success rates. It then describes alternative approaches like considering transient binding drugs that interact weakly with multiple targets, leveraging natural products as drug leads, and exploring a multi-target drug discovery strategy to address complex diseases involving multiple molecular dysfunctions.
molecular docking its types and de novo drug design and application and softw...GAUTAM KHUNE
This ppt deals with all the aspects related to molecular docking ,its types(rigid ,flexible and manual) and screening based on it and also deals with de novo drug design , various softwares available for docking methodologies and applications for molecular docking in new drug design
molecular docking its types and de novo drug design and application and softw...GAUTAM KHUNE
This ppt deals with all the aspects related to molecular docking ,its types(rigid ,flexible and manual) and screening based on it and also deals with de novo drug design , various softwares available for docking methodologies and applications for molecular docking in new drug design
A presentation outlining the various processes a chemical compound undergoes (thorough & rigorous screening procedures) before it is finally introduced into the drug market
Drug discovery take years to decade for discovering a new drug and very costly
Effort to cut down the research timeline and cost by reducing wet-lab experiment use computer modeling
Others have done the work. Some have used the work. I have spoken only on behalf of their behalf.
Role of Target Identification and Target Validation in Drug Discovery ProcessPallavi Duggal
Target identification and Validation tells about the how target is neccesary for new drug discovery and its development to reach into market for rare diseases.
THE DRUG DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT BASED ON DRUG DISCOVERY ,HERE ITS NEED RATIONALE ARE EXPLAINED ALSO QSAR, MOLECULAR DOCKING ITS HISTORY NEED, STRUCTURE BASED DRUG DESIGN IN EASY WAY WE HAVE MENTIONED. THIS WILL MAKE READERS EASY TO COLLECT DATA AT A PLACE ALL OVER THIS IS FOR PHARMA STUDENTS, ACADEMICS, PROFESSIONL AND OST USEFUL FOR RESEARCHERS.
THANK YOU
HOPE YOU WILL LIKE AND SHARE
In this slide I covered the detailed about hansch analysis, Free-Wilson analysis, and Mixed approach. I also gave a detailed application for each points.
SAR versus QSAR, History and development of QSAR, Types of physicochemical
parameters, experimental and theoretical approaches for the determination of
physicochemical parameters such as Partition coefficient, Hammet’s substituent
constant and Taft’s steric constant. Hansch analysis, Free Wilson analysis, 3D-QSAR
approaches like COMFA and COMSIA.
A presentation outlining the various processes a chemical compound undergoes (thorough & rigorous screening procedures) before it is finally introduced into the drug market
Drug discovery take years to decade for discovering a new drug and very costly
Effort to cut down the research timeline and cost by reducing wet-lab experiment use computer modeling
Others have done the work. Some have used the work. I have spoken only on behalf of their behalf.
Role of Target Identification and Target Validation in Drug Discovery ProcessPallavi Duggal
Target identification and Validation tells about the how target is neccesary for new drug discovery and its development to reach into market for rare diseases.
THE DRUG DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT BASED ON DRUG DISCOVERY ,HERE ITS NEED RATIONALE ARE EXPLAINED ALSO QSAR, MOLECULAR DOCKING ITS HISTORY NEED, STRUCTURE BASED DRUG DESIGN IN EASY WAY WE HAVE MENTIONED. THIS WILL MAKE READERS EASY TO COLLECT DATA AT A PLACE ALL OVER THIS IS FOR PHARMA STUDENTS, ACADEMICS, PROFESSIONL AND OST USEFUL FOR RESEARCHERS.
THANK YOU
HOPE YOU WILL LIKE AND SHARE
In this slide I covered the detailed about hansch analysis, Free-Wilson analysis, and Mixed approach. I also gave a detailed application for each points.
SAR versus QSAR, History and development of QSAR, Types of physicochemical
parameters, experimental and theoretical approaches for the determination of
physicochemical parameters such as Partition coefficient, Hammet’s substituent
constant and Taft’s steric constant. Hansch analysis, Free Wilson analysis, 3D-QSAR
approaches like COMFA and COMSIA.
liquisolid technology is a topic related to pharmaceutics presented by konatham teja kumar reddy from chilkur balaji college of pharmcy ,hyderabad,telangana
Jean-Claude Bradley presents "Accelerating Discovery by Sharing: a case for Open Notebook Science" at the National Breast Cancer Coalition Annual Advocacy Conference in Arlington, VA on May 1, 2011.
Georgina Gal, Regulatory Affairs Manager, AbbVie, Hungary
Presentation at EIPG – BIPA Symposium “Clinical Trials Research” at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia 2014.
clinical and preclinical approaches to drug discovery.Here we mainly deals with preclinical approaches, ie. Pharmacological approach and toxicological approach
Talk delivered at Warwick Biomedical Engineering Seminar series 27 November 2014. Develops a theme emerging from a review in 2010:
J Watkins, A Marsh, P C Taylor, D R J Singer
Therapeutic Delivery, 2010, 1, 651-665
"Continued adherence to a single-drug single-target paradigm will limit the ability of chemists to contribute to advances in personalized medicine, whether they be in discovery or delivery"
iCAAD London 2019 - Antonio Metastasio - PERSONALISED MEDICINE IN THE TREATM...iCAADEvents
Personalised medicine is considered the next frontier of health care. The role of genetic testing in psychiatry and in addictions medicine, however, has been recently critically reviewed. Are genetic tests helpful in assessing and managing these conditions?
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
15. Drugs or Drug lead from Nature
Nature to lab to clinic
Natural compounds again become central player
History
Digitalis(1785)-William Withering-small molecule digoxin- Lead to Understanding the
biochemistry and biology of Na-K-ATPase pump
Morphine(1806)- Freidrich Serturner-Pain- Enabled to understand the Opiate receptor
subtypes and endorphine-enkephalin pathways
Aspirin (1897)- Felix Hoffmann- Salicylic acid from Willow bark-Synthesis of Aspirin from
SA- Decided the test battery of NSAIDs Like COX-2 inhibitors, Synthetic drugs, inherent
safety issues
Penicillin from mold (1928)- Alexander Fleming
Understand the Antibiotics and role of M.O.
Mid-1900s, era of Synthetic Sulfa drugs– Allergy, Resistance
20 th century- Natural Products- Endogenous chemicals- Steroids,PGs, Peptide hormones-
Played a major role in drug discovery
20 th century- Redefined enzymology and Redefined receptor pharmacology
CONFIDENTIAL
16. Drugs or Drug lead from Nature
Biochemical assay arena- Tools for measuring the potency and Selectivity
HTS (Made natural product drug discovery impractical)
Accelerated the rate of new drug discovery
Shift from functional assays to artificial assays that measured molecular
Interaction
CONFIDENTIAL
17. Drugs or Drug lead from Nature
Modern and advanced technologies to predict the drug interactions,
New technologies in drug discovery, like HTS, sensitive bioassays
Failure in drug development/ low success rate even though increased
Drug discovery expenditure
What’s wrong????????????
CONFIDENTIAL
18. Drugs or Drug lead from Nature
Revisit the nature using approaches,
Lead from nature
Functional biological assay
Whole cell cytotoxicity assay
Classical Pharmacological approach and animal model
Extrapolation from Mouse-Rat-Dog-Monkey- Human???
Humanized animal models- Genetic approach
CONFIDENTIAL
19. Drugs or Drug lead from Nature
Examples
Amphotericin B- S. nodosus- Gold standard for systemic fungal Infection- Synthesis
Rapamycin (Sirolimus)- S. hygroscopicus- Antifungal but toxic, Revisited due
to immunosuppressive properties. Rapamycin-eluting stents-approved
By FDA 2003, 2007-semisynthetic analogue-Temsirolimus-approved
by FDA for advanced renal cell carcinoma, Synthesis
Taxol (Paclitaxel)
Bark of pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia. Taxol structure discovered in 1971.
Launched in 1992 for refractory ovarian cancer.
Paclitaxel stents approved by FDA,2004
CONFIDENTIAL
20. Drugs or Drug lead from Natural source
Path , not easy
Synthesis- very difficult due complexity but not impossible
Screening by modern technologies- possible
Evaluation in refined animal models
CONFIDENTIAL
21. Transient binding drugs
Mind set- Weak binders are undesired and no benefit.
Drug design towards highest possible binder to given target (receptor).
Fact- biological interactions are weak or transient (dissociation Constant: Kd>µM)
Transient Interactions Exerts biological effects by,
Parallel binding
Simultaneous binding between multiple sites on biological molecules
Polyvalent interactions- much strong than monovalent
Example
Dynamic binding of cells to cells, such as white blood cells rolling over the surface of endothelial
cells during inflammation. Simultaneous transient binding of selectin molecules on the surface of
one type of cell with sialyl Lewis X structures on the other cell mediates this interaction. These
interactions lead to penetration of white blood cells at the inflammation site.
Serial Binding
Repeated weak binding events
Activation of T cells during immune recognition. Signal transduction seems to be as a result of
repeated serial binding (knocking on receptor) between peptide–MHC complexes and multiple T
cell receptors.
CONFIDENTIAL
22. Transient binding drugs
Transient binding drugs
Weak binding (SubµM) Transient binding
Monovalent Individual weak binding With many targets
High off rates Polyvalent binding (multitarget)
Low on rates
Multivalent interactions 1+0=1
Memantine, which was recently result from simultaneous
approved for the treatment of binding of several sites 1+1=>2
Alzheimer’s disease, shows binding to on the same molecule
the NMDA receptor in the mMrange with multiple receptor
with an off-rate of approximately 0.4/s. sites.
It is clear that this approach, using
weakly binding drugs with fast off-rates, The antigen-antibody complex
could be a key factor in designing with the immunoglobulin M
effective ion-channel blockers, and that (IgM) is an illustrative example of
this principle can apply to a number of the natural existence of a
neurological and other targets. multivalent assembly that can be
composed of individual weak
Foser et al. and Bailon et al. showed that binding sites.
PEGylated interferons for treatment of
chronic hepatitis C showed decreased Anticancer
affinities (near to mM) compared to the Antibiotics to minimize drug
parent interferon, because of partly lower resistance
on rates.
CONFIDENTIAL
Faster kinetic
23. Transient binding drugs
Weakly binding drugs/weak biological interactions are not studied because of difficulties in
screening or analyzing them; that is, ‘if you cannot see them, they do not exist.’
Fortunately, there are a number of emerging techniques to study and screen transient
interactions.
Specificity = desired interaction vs. nondesired interaction. Ratio may be higher for weak
binders.
Kd= 1 µM- consired as nonspecific most of the times 1 µM is sufficient to fill the half of the
receptor sites
CONFIDENTIAL
24. Transient binding drugs, Benefits
Examples of drugs that can be considered as transiently binding are alcohol (ethanol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, naproxen and ibuprofen. In a complex way, alcohol affects synapses of the central nervous
system (CNS) and can be considered a transient binder, because of its perceived low affinity for different receptors in the
brain where rather high concentrations are needed to produce biological effect.
Other examples of weak enzyme inhibitors are valproic acid and butyric acid, which affect histone deacetylases.
Transient binding could also be of great value to screen for weak interactions of drug candidates to targets that produce side effects,
since these effects can be subtle. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are a group of approximately 50 enzymes that metabolize, and are
largely responsible for clearance of, many drug compounds.
It may be of interest to study the upregulation of CYP enzymes because of weak interactions of drug substances during a longer period of
time. Negative screening for weak binding to CYP enzymes has potential for selection of drug candidates with minimal CYP
interference.
Another important issue in drug discovery is receptor desensitization.It may be situations where weakly binding substances are
sufficient to cause signal transduction but not receptor desensitization.
CONFIDENTIAL
27. Multitarget Approach
Complex conditions, such as cancer, inflammation, depression and
cardiovascular diseases, are not caused by a single molecular defect, but are
rather the result of a combination of molecular dysfunctions.
An illustrative example of a ‘promiscuous’ drug is the anti-cancer agent
Gleevec (Imatinib Mesylate) which shows promise in treatment of leukemia.
Although it was originally designed to hit a particular target, it was soon
realized that this drug was a multiple-target kinase inhibitor.
Another illustrative group of drug compounds that show a broad binding
spectrum are anti-psychotic agents where many of these bind to a plethora of
neuronal receptors
CONFIDENTIAL
28. Multitarget Approach
It is clear that the ‘magic bullet’ strategy to solve complex diseases has not
been as successful as anticipated, suggesting instead that a ‘magic shotgun’
strategy may be a viable alternative for a variety of disorders
A multi-target drug will frequently be a transient binder, since it can interact
with a number of disparate targets. In other words, cross reactivity of the drug
should be substantial so that it can theoretically interact with multiple targets
for maximum efficiency.
CONFIDENTIAL
30. Finally
Perhaps most importantly,
‘old fashioned’ drug development might come back.
If you want to know the response of a complex system, ‘ask’ the
system (by testing drug candidates in complex in vivo tests)!
And, although microarray techniques might be useful to follow multi-
target drug strategies,
in vivo pharmacology (i.e. whole-animal studies) might become
important again .
Furthermore , advances in genetics leads to more-efficient in vivo
testing, better animal models are needed.
Better animal models can be achieved by ‘humanizing’ the
metabolism and signaling of test animals.
Disease target genes and their protein products might be transformed
from drug targets to core elements of better animal models in the
future.
CONFIDENTIAL