Target identification and Validation tells about the how target is neccesary for new drug discovery and its development to reach into market for rare diseases.
The basic aspects of drug discovery starts from target discovery and validation further going to lead identification and optimization. In this particular slide discussion is regarding the target discovery and the tools that have been utilized in this process.
Role of nuclicacid microarray &protein micro array for drug discovery processmohamed abusalih
role of nuclic acid microarray and protein microarray for drug discovery process
1.introduction about microarray technique and genomics
2.process of drug discovery
3.microarray techiques
4.microarray analysis in drug discovery
5.steps involved in the micro array analysis
The basic aspects of drug discovery starts from target discovery and validation further going to lead identification and optimization. In this particular slide discussion is regarding the target discovery and the tools that have been utilized in this process.
Role of nuclicacid microarray &protein micro array for drug discovery processmohamed abusalih
role of nuclic acid microarray and protein microarray for drug discovery process
1.introduction about microarray technique and genomics
2.process of drug discovery
3.microarray techiques
4.microarray analysis in drug discovery
5.steps involved in the micro array analysis
Target Validation
Introduction,Drug discovery, Target identification and validation, Target validation and techniques
By
Ms. B. Mary Vishali
Department of Pharmacology
Target identification, target validation, lead identification and lead
Optimization.
• Economics of drug discovery.
• Target Discovery and validation-Role of Genomics, Proteomics and
Bioinformatics.
• Role of Nucleic acid microarrays, Protein microarrays, Antisense
technologies, siRNAs, antisense oligonucleotides, Zinc finger proteins.
• Role of transgenic animals in target validation.
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Drug design is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of the biological target.
In the most basic sense, drug design involves design of small molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the bio-molecular target to which they interact and therefore will bind to it.
Drug design frequently but not necessarily relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design.
Types;-
Random screening
Trial and error method
Ethnopharmacology approach
Serendipity method
Classical pharmacology
Chemical structure based drug discovery
Target Validation
Introduction,Drug discovery, Target identification and validation, Target validation and techniques
By
Ms. B. Mary Vishali
Department of Pharmacology
Target identification, target validation, lead identification and lead
Optimization.
• Economics of drug discovery.
• Target Discovery and validation-Role of Genomics, Proteomics and
Bioinformatics.
• Role of Nucleic acid microarrays, Protein microarrays, Antisense
technologies, siRNAs, antisense oligonucleotides, Zinc finger proteins.
• Role of transgenic animals in target validation.
Target discovery and Validation - Role of proteomicsShivanshu Bajaj
This presentation include how important is the branch proteomics in target discovery and validation for new drugs. It also include proteomic technology and current approaches in targeted proteomics
RATIONAL AND TRADITIONAL DRUG DESIGN Drug Discovery.pptxsakshinalkande
It's one of the topic of subject Principle Drug Discovery include in M pharm Pharmacology 2nd sem. It include introduction about rational and traditional drug design with types and methods. It'll be beneficial for M pharm Pharmacology students.
Drug design is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of the biological target.
In the most basic sense, drug design involves design of small molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the bio-molecular target to which they interact and therefore will bind to it.
Drug design frequently but not necessarily relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design.
Types;-
Random screening
Trial and error method
Ethnopharmacology approach
Serendipity method
Classical pharmacology
Chemical structure based drug discovery
Oligonucleotide therapy - Oligonucleotide-based gene therapy (OGT) is a varia...Tripura University
Oligonucleotides are short DNA or RNA molecules, or oligomers, that have a wide range of applications in genetic testing, research, and forensics. Oligonucleotide therapy is a type of gene therapy that uses short synthetic DNA, RNA, or their chemical analogs to inactivate specific RNA or DNA targets.
Introduction
Transcriptome analysis
Goal of functional genomics
Why we need functional genomics
Technique
1. At DNA level
2.At RNA level
3. At protein level
4. loss of function
5. functional genomic and bioinformatics
Application
Latest research and reviews
Websites of functional genomics
Conclusions
Reference
Total RNA Discovery for RNA Biomarker Development WebinarQIAGEN
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This is a presentation slide about cellular RNA interference process and RNA interference technology. Contains basic information about biology of cellular RNA interference processes and its discovery, and RNA interference technology. Also gives you the history and development of in-vitro and in-vivo technologies for applicability of RNA interference technology.
siRNA synthesis, siRNA libraries, siRNA delivering techniques, Electroporation, viral transfection methods, Advantages and disadvantages of RNA interference technology.
details about the preliminary and pre-clinical experiments of RNA interference as well as clinical trials of RNA interference.
M Pharm Pharmacognosy Semester 2, MEDICINAL PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY UNIT 1, Introduction to Plant biotechnology: Historical perspectives, prospects for development of plant biotechnology as a source of
medicinal agents. Applications in pharmacy and allied fields. Genetic and molecular biology as applied to pharmacognosy, study of DNA, RNA and protein replication, genetic code, regulation of gene expression, structure and complicity of
genome, cell signaling, DNA recombinant technology.
Drug discovery is an inventive process of identifying a compound or new medication based on knowledge of biological target, therapeutically useful in treating and curing a disease.
The process of drug discovery involves the identification of candidates,synthesis, characterization,screening,assays for therapeutic efficacy.
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This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
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Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...
Role of Target Identification and Target Validation in Drug Discovery Process
1. ROLE OF TARGET IDENTIFICATION AND TARGET
VALIDATION IN DRUG DISCOVERY
Presented by:-
Pallavi Duggal
M.Pharmacy (2nd Semester)
Department of Pharmacology
ISF College Of Pharmacy
Moga, Punjab
1
2. CONTENT
Introduction of drug discovery
Need of Drug Discovery
Target Identification
Genomics
Proteomics
Bioinformatics
Target Validation
si Rna
Antisense oligonucleotide
Role of transgenic animals
References
2
3. DRUG DISCOVERY
Drug Discovery is the process through which potential
new medicines are identified.
3
4. PURPOSE OF DRUG DISCOVERY
Drug discovery initiates because there is a disease or
clinical condition without suitable medical products
available.
Rare diseases or orphan diseases.
4
5. TARGET IDENTIFICATION
Target :- It is a cellular or molecular structures
involved in pathology which are responsible for disease.
They may be :-
1. Receptors
2. Enzyme
3. Nucleic acid
4. Hormone
5. Ion Channel
Target Identification :- It is the process of identifying
the direct molecular target i.e protein, nucleic acid.
It is aimed at finding the efficacy target of a drug.
It is the first step in drug discovery 5
6. TOOLS FOR TARGET IDENTIFICATION
Tools for
Target
identification
ProteomicsGenomics
Bioinformatics
6
7. ROLE OF GENOMICS
Genome :-
It is an organism complete set of DNA.
Genomics :-
1. It is the field of science focusing on structure,
function, mapping of Genomes.
2. It is concerned with sequencing and analysis of an
organism genome. Types of
Genomics
Structural
Genomics
Functional
Genomics
7
8. STRUCTURAL GENOMICS
It is used to describe 3- D structure of every protein
encoded by a given genome.
It has potential to inform knowledge of protein function.
It characterize genome structures.
Attempts to determine structure of every protein encoded
by genome rather than focusing on one particular protein.
Various techniques used to determine structure of genome:-
De novo methods
Sequence based Modeling
Shortgun Sequencing 8
9. FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS
Focus on gene transcription, translation, regulation of
gene expression and protein- protein interactions.
Goal is to understand relationship between an organism
genome and its phenotype.
Measure all gene products like mRNA or proteins within
biological sample.
Technique used:-
DNA Microarray
9
11. PROTEOMICS
Proteome :- Entire complement of proteins expressed by
a cell,tissue or organism.
Proteomics :- large scale study of protein and their
functions.
Techniques to do Proteomics:-
2D Electrophoresis
11
12. CONTD...
Protein Microarray
High throughput method used to track the interactions
& activities of proteins and to determine their
functions.
Method
Proteins are immobilised on slides then they are
probed for variety of functions.
Probe are labelled with fluoroscent dyes.
When probe bind to protein gives fluoroscent signal.
12
14. BIOINFORMATICS
14
Bioinformatics has become an important part of many areas of biology. In
experimental molecular biology, bioinformatics techniques such
as image and signal processing allow extraction of useful results from large
amounts of raw data. In the field of genetics and genomics, it aids in sequencing
and annotating genomes and their observed mutations.
15. TARGET VALIDATION
Target validation is the process by which the predicted
molecular target – for example protein or nucleic acid –
of a small molecule is verified.
Target validation can include knockdown or
overexpression of the presumed target.
Tools for Target Validation
Antisense technologies
si RNA
Antisense
Oligonucleotides
15
16. SI RNA
Small (or short) interfering RNA (siRNA) is the commonly used
forRNA interference (RNAi) tool for inducing short-term
silencing of protein coding genes.
It is a double stranded RNA molecule which interferes with
the expression of specific genes by degrading mRNA after
transcription & preventing translation.
siRNA is double stranded RNA(dsRNA). It consist of two RNA
strands, an antisense (or guide) strand and a sense (or passenger)
strand, which form a duplex
20-24 bp length.
16
17. MECHANISM
long dsRNA is cleaved by
an endo-ribonuclease
called Dicer to form short
interfering RNA or
siRNA.
siRNA enters the cell and
binds to Argonaute
protein to form RISC.
siRNA is then unwinded
to form single stranded
siRNA.
si rna and RISC complex
find their complementary
mRNA
17
18. ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE
Antisense technology prevent the synthesis of specific
protein.
AS- ONS;15-20 nucleotides which are complementary to
their target mRNA.
When these AS-ON combined with target mRNA, a
DNA/RNA hybrid form which degraded by the enzyme
RNase H.
RNase H is a non specific endonuclease which catalyse
cleavage of RNA.
RNase H has ribonuclease activity cleaves the 3’-O-P
bond of RNA in a DNA/RNAduplex.
18
21. ROLE OF TRANSGENIC ANIMALS
Transgenic animals are animals that have a foreign gene
deliberately inserted into their genome.
Methods to insert transgenes
Microinjection
Embryonic stem cell
Retroviral vector method 21
22. CONTD...
Working example:-
Target identification
Suppose we identify disease
ie Alzeimer
Translated this disease
model into animals.
Animal model of
AD(Streptozocin used to
induce beta amyloid protein
in hippocampus. 22
23. Target identification by proteomics and genomics.
Overexpression of APP protein is responsible for disease.
23
24. Target Validation :-
Validate that really
APP is responsible for
AD.
Deliver mutant APP
gene into animal
Progenies having
mutant APP gene
overexpressed
Target validated 24
25. REFERENCES
Michael J.,Israel S.,et al. 1995“The importance of
genome analysis to the drug discovery process” Journal
of Molecular Medicine Today. Volume 1, Pages 373-377.
Yeakuty M.J,. Mohammad F.K.,et al.2012 “Proteomics
in Drug Discovery” Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical
Science02(08),Pg1-12.
Blake RA, 2007 “Target validation in drug discovery”
Journal of Methods Mol Biology,Pg 367-77.
25
