International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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Community based disaster risk managementProfessor5G
Community Based Disaster Risk Management .
Communities are the first responders in case of any disaster. Therefore, community based disaster risk management approach should be the core of any risk reduction approach. Community based disaster risk management approach (CBDRM) is a process, which leads to a locally appropriate and locally ‘owned’ strategy for disaster preparedness & risk reduction. Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is the result of this realization and aims to create opportunities and build partnerships with the communities to establish disaster resilient societies .Yodmani (2001) defined community based disaster risk management as an approach that reduces vulnerabilities & strengthens people’s capacity to cope with hazards.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Community based disaster risk managementProfessor5G
Community Based Disaster Risk Management .
Communities are the first responders in case of any disaster. Therefore, community based disaster risk management approach should be the core of any risk reduction approach. Community based disaster risk management approach (CBDRM) is a process, which leads to a locally appropriate and locally ‘owned’ strategy for disaster preparedness & risk reduction. Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is the result of this realization and aims to create opportunities and build partnerships with the communities to establish disaster resilient societies .Yodmani (2001) defined community based disaster risk management as an approach that reduces vulnerabilities & strengthens people’s capacity to cope with hazards.
Hassan adamu danguguwa world bank_risk management_final projectHassan Danguguwa
Risk management in my own community
In my community, Community-based risk management refers to the strategies adopted by households to mitigate the impact of shocks and cope with risk. Risk can be classified as idiosyncratic, meaning one household’s experience is typically unrelated to neighboring households’, or covariate, meaning that many households in the same locality suffer similar shocks.
Key Concepts
• A local area might be exposed to a number of disaster risks. It will be necessary to understand the nature, and impact of these disasters in order to better prepare for future;
• A range of social groups may exist in a district, municipality or commune. The vulnerability of different groups may differ from each other. It is important for local authorities to understand the reasons for vulnerability of different groups;
• The communities, local authorities and civil society groups may have multiple resources and capacities to deal with disasters; e.g. indigenous knowledge, policies, disaster reduction programs, technical institutions, machinery and equipment, and social networks;
• Local authorities must identify the challenges faced and lessons learnt from the past experiences of responding to disasters;
Communities are the first responders in case of any disaster. Therefore, a community-based disaster risk management approach should be the core of any risk reduction approach. Community based disaster risk management approach (CBDRM) is a process, which leads to a locally appropriate and locally ‘owned’ strategy for disaster preparedness & risk reduction. Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is the result of this realization and aims to create opportunities and build partnerships with the communities to establish disaster-resilient societies.
A brief presentation on the Disaster Management Practices in Bangladesh. First, the presentation highlights the country profiles consider the historic disaster trend. Then it highlights the county's preparedness for disaster management at government level. Also it highlights the gaps exist in the existing systems based on the analysis of the available materials and journals. And finally, it tries to find the pros and cons of the existing disaster management mechanisms.
ReplyIs the reply mechanically clear enough for readers to unde.docxchris293
Reply:
Is the reply mechanically clear enough for readers to understand the points?
• _
Does the tone of the reply demonstrate respect towards the author of the original post?
• _
Does the reply inspire further discussion among the class?
Write a 150 word response to omar post below
Omar
The role of planners is to ensure the safety of the community, one of their primary roles is and always be the enhancement of life. For planners, nothing is more important or essential than protecting the quality of life. Planners have a set of skills that can assist in the Mitigation planning for the community. It is important that planners perceive the centrality of their roles and used their talents to the maximum benefit to ensure safety in the community. Most planners have training in involving the public. During their time many planners had acquired considerable experience in the field, many of them are well aware that planning involved political consideration.
One of the most challenging task for the planners is the involvement in integrating hazard mitigation. The process to leverage the elements of the community in making it safe and achieve a reduction in losses of life and property. Planners can initiate public dialogue before the disaster strikes. One of the goals of the planners is to integrate hazard mitigation into a large plan to ensure the safety of the community. Not only planners are responsible for the safety of the community many organizations rely on the planners as the planners rely on them to ensure a safe community. Scientific and technical sources, civil and structural engineers provide data, and geologists, hydrologists, climate and weather specialist along other are involved in the planning of the hazard mitigation. During the planning phase, many organizations are involved, including city officials, local police, fire department. Park officials, hospital, stakeholders, local government, public, and private sector they all play a role in the mitigation phase.
After planners had identified all the possible hazards to ensure a safe community the role of implementing or preparing local mitigation plans should be handle by the Emergency Management department. FEMA requirements normally are administrated by Emergency Managers, they’re trained in many areas including knowledge on evacuation routes. Emergency Managers are trained to identify and respond to a disaster and to anticipate what might go wrong in the community.
Write a 150 word response to Robert post below
Robert,
Emergency Planners play a vital role in emergency management. They lay out a road map for Emergency Management Officials, Incident Commanders, and Incident Management Team members, that direct them on how to prepare for, respond to and recover from the plethora of hazards they face. Emergency Planners help corporations, non-profits, state, local, tribal, and government agencies understand their roles in responsibilities in each of the five phases of e.
Skip to main content
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Company
Search
Navigation quick links
Log in
Sign up
Introducing ChatGPT
We’ve trained a model called ChatGPT which interacts in a conversational way. The dialogue format makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer followup questions, admit its mistakes, challenge incorrect premises, and reject inappropriate requests.
Quick links
Try ChatGPT
Read about ChatGPT Plus
ChatGPT graphic
Illustration: Ruby Chen
November 30, 2022
Authors
OpenAI
Product
,
Announcements
ChatGPT is a sibling model to InstructGPT, which is trained to follow an instruction in a prompt and provide a detailed response.
We are excited to introduce ChatGPT to get users’ feedback and learn about its strengths and weaknesses. During the research preview, usage of ChatGPT is free. Try it now at chat.openai.com.
Samples
In the following sample, ChatGPT asks the clarifying questions to debug code.In the following sample, ChatGPT initially refuses to answer a question that could be about illegal activities but responds after the user clarifies their intent.In the following sample, ChatGPT is able to understand the reference (“it”) to the subject of the previous question (“fermat’s little theorem”).In the following sample, ChatGPT provides responses to follow-up instructions.
User
help me write a short note to introduce myself to my neighbor
ChatGPT
Hi there,
My name is [Your Name] and I just moved in next door. I wanted to reach out and introduce myself. I’m looking forward to getting to know you and the neighborhood. If you ever need anything or just want to chat, please don’t hesitate to stop by or give me a call.
Best,
[Your Name]
User
can you make it more formal?
ChatGPT
Dear Neighbor,
I am writing to introduce myself. My name is [Your Name] and I have recently moved in next door. I wanted to take a moment to reach out and say hello. I am looking forward to getting to know you and the neighborhood.
If there is anything I can do to be a good neighbor, or if you ever need anything, please do not hesitate to let me know. I am happy to help in any way that I can.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
User
can you send it for me?
ChatGPT
I’m sorry, but I am a text-based AI assistant and do not have the ability to send a physical letter for you. I can only provide suggestions and advice on what to write. It is up to you to take that advice and send the letter yourself.
User
this code is not working like i expect — how do i fix it?
resultWorkerErr := make(chan error)
defer close(resultWorkerErr)
go func() {
defer cancel()
resultWorkerErr <- b.resultWorker(ctx)
}()
err := b.worker(ctx)
cancel()
if err == nil {
return <-resultWorkerErr
}
return multierror.Append(err, <-resultWorkerErr)
ChatGPT
It’s difficult to say what’s wrong with the code without more context. Can you provide more information about what the code is supposed to do and what isn’t working as expected? Also, is this the entire code or just a par
Hassan adamu danguguwa world bank_risk management_final projectHassan Danguguwa
Risk management in my own community
In my community, Community-based risk management refers to the strategies adopted by households to mitigate the impact of shocks and cope with risk. Risk can be classified as idiosyncratic, meaning one household’s experience is typically unrelated to neighboring households’, or covariate, meaning that many households in the same locality suffer similar shocks.
Key Concepts
• A local area might be exposed to a number of disaster risks. It will be necessary to understand the nature, and impact of these disasters in order to better prepare for future;
• A range of social groups may exist in a district, municipality or commune. The vulnerability of different groups may differ from each other. It is important for local authorities to understand the reasons for vulnerability of different groups;
• The communities, local authorities and civil society groups may have multiple resources and capacities to deal with disasters; e.g. indigenous knowledge, policies, disaster reduction programs, technical institutions, machinery and equipment, and social networks;
• Local authorities must identify the challenges faced and lessons learnt from the past experiences of responding to disasters;
Communities are the first responders in case of any disaster. Therefore, a community-based disaster risk management approach should be the core of any risk reduction approach. Community based disaster risk management approach (CBDRM) is a process, which leads to a locally appropriate and locally ‘owned’ strategy for disaster preparedness & risk reduction. Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is the result of this realization and aims to create opportunities and build partnerships with the communities to establish disaster-resilient societies.
A brief presentation on the Disaster Management Practices in Bangladesh. First, the presentation highlights the country profiles consider the historic disaster trend. Then it highlights the county's preparedness for disaster management at government level. Also it highlights the gaps exist in the existing systems based on the analysis of the available materials and journals. And finally, it tries to find the pros and cons of the existing disaster management mechanisms.
ReplyIs the reply mechanically clear enough for readers to unde.docxchris293
Reply:
Is the reply mechanically clear enough for readers to understand the points?
• _
Does the tone of the reply demonstrate respect towards the author of the original post?
• _
Does the reply inspire further discussion among the class?
Write a 150 word response to omar post below
Omar
The role of planners is to ensure the safety of the community, one of their primary roles is and always be the enhancement of life. For planners, nothing is more important or essential than protecting the quality of life. Planners have a set of skills that can assist in the Mitigation planning for the community. It is important that planners perceive the centrality of their roles and used their talents to the maximum benefit to ensure safety in the community. Most planners have training in involving the public. During their time many planners had acquired considerable experience in the field, many of them are well aware that planning involved political consideration.
One of the most challenging task for the planners is the involvement in integrating hazard mitigation. The process to leverage the elements of the community in making it safe and achieve a reduction in losses of life and property. Planners can initiate public dialogue before the disaster strikes. One of the goals of the planners is to integrate hazard mitigation into a large plan to ensure the safety of the community. Not only planners are responsible for the safety of the community many organizations rely on the planners as the planners rely on them to ensure a safe community. Scientific and technical sources, civil and structural engineers provide data, and geologists, hydrologists, climate and weather specialist along other are involved in the planning of the hazard mitigation. During the planning phase, many organizations are involved, including city officials, local police, fire department. Park officials, hospital, stakeholders, local government, public, and private sector they all play a role in the mitigation phase.
After planners had identified all the possible hazards to ensure a safe community the role of implementing or preparing local mitigation plans should be handle by the Emergency Management department. FEMA requirements normally are administrated by Emergency Managers, they’re trained in many areas including knowledge on evacuation routes. Emergency Managers are trained to identify and respond to a disaster and to anticipate what might go wrong in the community.
Write a 150 word response to Robert post below
Robert,
Emergency Planners play a vital role in emergency management. They lay out a road map for Emergency Management Officials, Incident Commanders, and Incident Management Team members, that direct them on how to prepare for, respond to and recover from the plethora of hazards they face. Emergency Planners help corporations, non-profits, state, local, tribal, and government agencies understand their roles in responsibilities in each of the five phases of e.
Skip to main content
Site Navigation
Research
Product
Developers
Safety
Company
Search
Navigation quick links
Log in
Sign up
Introducing ChatGPT
We’ve trained a model called ChatGPT which interacts in a conversational way. The dialogue format makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer followup questions, admit its mistakes, challenge incorrect premises, and reject inappropriate requests.
Quick links
Try ChatGPT
Read about ChatGPT Plus
ChatGPT graphic
Illustration: Ruby Chen
November 30, 2022
Authors
OpenAI
Product
,
Announcements
ChatGPT is a sibling model to InstructGPT, which is trained to follow an instruction in a prompt and provide a detailed response.
We are excited to introduce ChatGPT to get users’ feedback and learn about its strengths and weaknesses. During the research preview, usage of ChatGPT is free. Try it now at chat.openai.com.
Samples
In the following sample, ChatGPT asks the clarifying questions to debug code.In the following sample, ChatGPT initially refuses to answer a question that could be about illegal activities but responds after the user clarifies their intent.In the following sample, ChatGPT is able to understand the reference (“it”) to the subject of the previous question (“fermat’s little theorem”).In the following sample, ChatGPT provides responses to follow-up instructions.
User
help me write a short note to introduce myself to my neighbor
ChatGPT
Hi there,
My name is [Your Name] and I just moved in next door. I wanted to reach out and introduce myself. I’m looking forward to getting to know you and the neighborhood. If you ever need anything or just want to chat, please don’t hesitate to stop by or give me a call.
Best,
[Your Name]
User
can you make it more formal?
ChatGPT
Dear Neighbor,
I am writing to introduce myself. My name is [Your Name] and I have recently moved in next door. I wanted to take a moment to reach out and say hello. I am looking forward to getting to know you and the neighborhood.
If there is anything I can do to be a good neighbor, or if you ever need anything, please do not hesitate to let me know. I am happy to help in any way that I can.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
User
can you send it for me?
ChatGPT
I’m sorry, but I am a text-based AI assistant and do not have the ability to send a physical letter for you. I can only provide suggestions and advice on what to write. It is up to you to take that advice and send the letter yourself.
User
this code is not working like i expect — how do i fix it?
resultWorkerErr := make(chan error)
defer close(resultWorkerErr)
go func() {
defer cancel()
resultWorkerErr <- b.resultWorker(ctx)
}()
err := b.worker(ctx)
cancel()
if err == nil {
return <-resultWorkerErr
}
return multierror.Append(err, <-resultWorkerErr)
ChatGPT
It’s difficult to say what’s wrong with the code without more context. Can you provide more information about what the code is supposed to do and what isn’t working as expected? Also, is this the entire code or just a par
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2. Discuss the key concepts, principles,
and elements of DRRM.
Recognize its importance.
Develop a community
preparedness plan.
3. DRRM includes the concepts of mitigating and preparing for the
adverse impacts of hazards, reducing vulnerabilities to hazards, wise
management of land and the environment, and increasing disaster
resilience of communities, among others.
DRRM is not just about responding to disasters but also about
building resilience before disasters happen.
4. Different hazards require different strategies and plans. Community-
based practices include identifying hazards and vulnerabilities, creating
early warning systems, developing evacuation plans, establishing
emergency communication protocols, and providing education and
awareness programs.
Key practice: Developing a community preparedness plan that involves
all stakeholders and covers all aspects of disaster preparedness,
response, and recovery.
5. UNISDR is a global framework for disaster risk
reduction that guides and coordinates the efforts
of a wide range of partners.
UNISDR aims to achieve substantive reduction in
disaster losses and build resilient nations and
communities as an essential condition for
sustainable development.
6. Asia-Pacific region has the most frequent and severe
disaster impacts globally.
Disaster losses affect not only those directly impacted
but also other countries and communities globally.
Efforts to reduce disaster risks are needed through
collaboration and partnerships.
DRRM should be given the utmost priority, especially
in the Philippines, because of the following reasons:
7. 1. Geographical location and exposure to multiple hazards
make DRRM in the Philippines a priority.
• The Philippines experiences seismic movements, volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes, typhoons, flooding, and storm surges.
• More than one hazard may be encountered by a particular
region in a short period of time, leading to devastating
impacts.
• DRRM implementation can lower the risks of disasters brought
by natural hazards.
8. 2. Developing countries like the Philippines may not have
enough resources to address immediate needs and
recover from disaster damage.
• DRRM implementation can help communities cope and
adapt to post-disaster conditions by building stronger
and sustainable livelihoods.
• Leaving the site in disarray for a long time may lead to
hazardous physical and pathological conditions, making
victims more vulnerable to diseases.
9. 3. DRRM is essential in building a more equitable and
sustainable future for communities in high-risk areas for
disasters.
• The cost of disaster damage poses a significant threat
to the country's economy and development prospects.
• DRRM programs help prevent any wasting of days and
months without any profitable transactions.
10. The key principles of DRRM justify why certain changes have
to be made (if any) and explain the urgency of creating a
DRRM plan. Key principles should be able to make people
realize why disaster plans should find its position at the top
of the priority list of any community that is vulnerable to any
forms of hazards. Hence, all DRRMs are created on the
following premises:
11. 1. Development can either increase or decrease disaster risk.
Human development constantly alters the environment to meet growing population
demands, creating challenges for adaptability of organisms due to inevitable
environmental changes. This results in disaster risk whenever development takes
place, such as when clearing land for agriculture, which threatens native species and
increases disaster risk for inhabited land. Proper disaster prevention and mitigation
plans can decrease disaster risk associated with development projects.
2. DRRM policies, laws, and regulations will not save lives unless implemented in
communities.
To ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of disaster plans in DRRM, action is crucial
through drills or actual implementation. Policies are drafted by experts and authorities
to be specific to the community, but putting plans into action is necessary to validate
their feasibility. Engaging communities and stakeholders in hazard simulations during
drills can reveal any inadequacies or flaws in the plans, allowing for improvements.
12. 3. The community is the front line of disaster risk management.
The primary objective of DRRM plans is to save lives. This is why the community is the
first consideration in all phases of DRRM plans. Its demographic profile (e.g.,
population, population density, socioeconomic status, age groups) should be first
established to custom- fit the plans. This is to ensure that the community's needs are
met while rescue operations are ongoing.
4. DRRM is not a stand-alone activity.
DRRM does not only consider the direct or primary effects of disasters but also the
network that connects communities internally and externally. It cuts across almost all
aspects of life where people are involved in. Once any of the stakeholders is affected,
the whole network can be disrupted in chain reaction. Hence, when drafting a DRRM,
all sectors of the society should be considered, from individual families to schools,
hospitals, economic sectors, tourists, and external supports.
13. 4. DRRM is not a stand-alone activity.
DRRM does not only consider the direct or primary effects of disasters but also the
network that connects communities internally and externally. It cuts across almost all
aspects of life where people are involved in. Once any of the stakeholders is affected,
the whole network can be disrupted in chain reaction. Hence, when drafting a DRRM,
all sectors of the society should be considered, from individual families to schools,
hospitals, economic sectors, tourists, and external supports. Every sector of the
society should be involved in the drafting of the DRRM plan because the same sectors
will be affected from the failure or success of it.
5.The main objective of DRRM is to build a resilient community.
A resilient community is able to withstand the likely impacts of a hazard without
suffering or being devastated completely. They are aware of the lurking hazards but
are not worried because they know they are ready and equipped. Resilience creates a
stronger relationship within the community and outside entities.
14. Elements of DRRM Plans A DRRM plan covers all stages of
development from planning all the way to execution. It also
incorporates feedback, recommendations, and guidance
taken from various sectors of the society. It is a cyclic
process of updating information and plans to make the DRRM
more specific and suitable to the community. The following
are the basic elements of a DRRM plan, in order of execution:
15. A DRRM plan covers all stages of development from planning all the way to execution.
It also incorporates feedback, recommendations, and guidance taken from various
sectors of the society. It is a cyclic process of updating information and plans to
make the DRRM more specific and suitable to the community. The following are the
basic elements of a DRRM plan, in order of execution:
1. Assesment and analysis- This is also known as the needs and risk assessment.
Risks are identified and assessed based on the following:
• Hazard profile - likelihood, frequency, severity, warning, and likely impact of the
hazard(s)
• Vulnerability of the area - exposure of the community or other elements to the
identified hazard and how they could be affected, whether directly or indirectly.
• Capacity of the community - identification of all available and accessible
facilities and services that can minimize or prevent the hazard from turning into a
disaster.
16. 2. Design- This is modeled on the findings from the Assessment and Analysis stage. It
should include, at the minimum, the following components (Turnbull et al., 2013):
• issues identified during the analysis
• identification of responsibility, priorities, and competencies of individuals and
institutions or agencies carrying out the task
• identification of other programs and strategies that may complement, add, or or
duplicate with other programs
• potential partners, allies, and networks
• source of funding and its restrictions.
3. Results of Implementation - Implementing the DRRM plan is usually in the form of
a drill. Regular implementation is important because new conditions or unforeseen
situations always arise in communities because of their dynamism. The outcome of
the implementation should be properly and accurately documented
17. so that any necessary changes in the DRRM design can be made immediately. Also, in
this component, constant confirmation of partnership and networks is necessary to
enhance the relationship of all sectors involved and the efficiency of all their identified
roles and services. This becomes crucial during emergency situations as priorities are
usually done based on the established relationship of the beneficiary of assistance
18. A community-based DRRM is essential to develop, implement, and maintain an
effective early warning system in a hazard-prone community. Through a community
preparedness plan, the community is informed and trained on how to prepare for
hazard events and emergencies. For an effective community preparedness plan,
communities need to be actively involved in it. The key components of a community
preparedness plan are the following:
I. Community Profile
• Identification of vulnerable communities
This accounts for all communities within the area and their levels of exposure to
an identified hazard.
19. Track: Academic
You are a research assistant of a sociologist who is working on profiling your
city/municipality. He asks you to help him collect data by listing the different
villages or barangays and assessing the level of disaster risk, vulnerability, and
exposure to identified hazard. He asks you to use the chart below to help you
organize your data collection. Your data should be authentic and up-to-date.
Community
(village,
school,
etc.)
Hazard(earthquake
, volcanic eruption,
typhoon, etc.)
Frequency/I
ntensity of
Hazard
No. of
Individuals
with High Risk
Members
Livelihood
(agriculture,
fishing, etc.)
Risk Exposure
(low, medium,
high)
Rank Order
of Priority
20. At the minimum, DRRM experts (may be sourced locally or externally)
consider the basic elements of the DRRM as framework for the
community-based DRRM plan. Initially, the experts oversee, implement,
update, and manage the whole plan. Eventually, the locals of the
community will be trained so that they will take over the implementation
of the DRRM plan.
•
Trained personnel or experts are designated to form a
team for the following:
21. a. Search and rescue
The team is topographically knowledgeable and may even be
familiar with the individuals or families they are searching for or
rescuing. They are equipped with appropriate gadgets or
equipment to aid in the search and rescue operation no matter
what the situation is.
b. Medical assistance
The team understands and knows how to deal with specific
health problems or medical needs. They are trained to work on
medical emergency cases. They are also prepared with medicine
supplies and health facilities specific to the medical case of the
injured.
c. Relief distribution
The team prepares a working network that facilitates fast and
efficient distribution of relief goods. They set up strategic ways and
means for receiving relief goods and distributing them to reach
even the remote areas of the affected communities.
22. Track: Sports
Your team has been called to help organize the screening of volunteers who will
become part of the Emergency Rescue Group (ERG). The creation of this group was
initiated in response to the recommendations of the DILG. You have been unanimously
chosen to serve as team leader. As such, you think of qualifications that are needed to
efficiently become part of the ERG. Write three separate checklists/standards that will
be used by your team to screen the volunteers for the following areas: (a) search and
rescue, (b) medical assistance, and (c) relief distribution. Your suggested qualifications
should be justifiable and necessary.
23. This identifies the community's relationships with certain agencies and
institutions in terms of providing aid, facilitating services, and supporting
programs related to the implementation, improvement, and enhancement
of the DRRM plan.
24. Find out if you have a rescue
team in place in your
community. Do you know how to
contact it in case of an
emergency?
25. This is the identification of both vertical (buildings, poles, and trees)
and horizontal (roads, cable wires, pipes, and bridges) infrastructure
and natural elements that may be affected or can cause disaster
from a hazard. Different hazards have different effects on these
structures that may cause disaster to its users. Factors that may
determine the level of disaster risk that these structures have are
age and durability of the structures, magnitude of potential hazard,
presence of other structures within its vicinity, type of material, and
approximate number of people or vehicles using the structure.
26. The World Health Organization (WHO) published a manual titled
Managing Disaster Risks in Communities (2015) Assess the attitude
of certain stakeholders in your community toward participating in
disaster risk planning. See the following image which was taken
from selected pages in the section titled "Roles of Stakeholders" of
the WHO manual
27.
28. For each identified group of stakeholders, assess its attitude or level of awareness on drafting a
disaster risk plan, using the Stakeholder Analysis Matrix. The result of this activity can help determine
future problems that can be resolved immediately.
29. This assessment, done by the experts identified in the Manpower section,
includes comprehensive and specific discussions on risk assessments, risk
reduction, disaster preparedness, and risk management plans before, during, and
after the disaster. Basically, this section includes the identification of each
potential hazard and the level of disaster risk that the community has on each
hazard. The guiding parameters in assessing the risks include the following:
vulnerability of the community to the hazard, potential magnitude of the hazard
(high scale or low scale), duration of impact (short term or long term) of the
hazard to the community, causality of effects (direct or indirect) to exposed
elements, and reversibility of the potential disaster to the community and other
identified stakeholders.
30. An early warning system (EWS) is the provision of information about an
imminent hazard that is likely to affect a community. This may be in various
forms of communication (e.g., sound, symbol, letter) that can be easily and
immediately understood by all stakeholders. The EWS should be short,
distinct, and clear so as not to be confused with ordinary communication
that does not require urgent action. Most warning systems involve alert
levels that are distinguished through colors. Red usually connotes imminent
danger.
31. The objective here is to search for and provide immediate aid to
survivors of a disaster. One important aspect in a successful
search and rescue operation is the familiarity of the rescuer with
the various locations in the community. In cases where missing or
lost persons are in areas that are not readily visible or accessible, a
familiar rescuer may be able to find them because of his or her
knowledge of the site prior to the disaster.
The rescuers should also be cognizant of potential risks such as
limited entry or exits, possible secondary or multiple collapse of
unstable structures, electrical and gas hazards, and disaster.
32.
33. In the midst of losing properties and loved ones, survivors need to
address their basic needs: water, food, shelter, and health care. A well-
planned DRRM provides survivors with these needs.
•
Water is the primary need of all survivors. The body needs water to
be able to function properly. Thus, survivors should have an
adequate supply of clean, potable water during disasters.
Food that is served to the survivors needs to be ready-to-eat, as much as
possible. In the past, many survivors, especially the children, had difficulty
opening cans and cooking noodles because of lack of kitchen tools.
Survivors, aside from dealing with trauma, are also absorbed with checking
on their properties and searching and taking care of their loved ones.
Hence, additional steps required in food preparation might become too
taxing for them.
34. Safe evacuation centers must be identified and available areas. Some
parameters such as capacity of the building, availability of facilities, area size,
distance from danger, etc, should be considered.
Basic facilities and medicine for treating common injuries and medical
problems need to be checked for availability and sufficiency if a disaster
is expected.
In some cases when terrible unexpected circumstances occur,a
debriefing might be necessary. Debriefing is a session used by grief
counselors to help people cope with major loss or suffering to reduce
possible post-traumatic stress disorder.
35.
36. All families need to prepare at home a
survival kit that becomes handy during
disasters. This kit should contain
essential items, should be water
waterproof, and should be checked
regularly for any expiring medicines or
materials.
37. Food Medicines
1. Clean drinking water (at least three liters/day
per person)
2. Easy to prepare, store, and carry foods (biscuits,
cookies, crackers, canned foods in easy-open
cans)
3. Candies (to maintain sugar in the body)
4. Food for babies or elderly
1. For fever and nausea
2. For cough and colds
3. For stomach upset (Imodium or Loperamide)
4. For headaches and other pains (paracetamol,
ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, etc.)
5. For allergies (antihistamines)
6. Special medicines for diabetes, hypertension,
etc.
38. First Aid Sanitation and toiletries
1. Medicated plastic strips
2. Gauze
3. Antiseptic/disinfectant
4. Antibiotic ointment
5. Wipe packets
1. Tissue
2. Sanitary napkins or diapers
3. Toothpaste and toothbrushes
4. Bath soap and laundry soap
5. Small towels
6. Plastic bags or garbage bags
Clothing Emergency tools or gadgets
1. Extra clothes
2. Jackets
3. Blankets
4. Underwear
1. Plastic whistles
2. Flashlights
3. Batteries
4. Radios
5. Mobile phones and chargers
39. Important items
Important documents (sealed in waterproof
container or envelope)
1. Keys
2. Cash
3. Jewelry
1. Birth and/or marriage certificates
2. Bank passbooks, investment records
3. Government IDs
40. The following are general guidelines that need to be remembered and followed in
an evacuation:
1. Be aware of the emergency exits and waring calls of the buildings you
frequently go to.
2. When emergency alarms are sounded, keep calm and try to
keep others calm, too.
3. Exit the buildings using the stairwells. NEVER use the elevator.
4. If there is a DRRM personnel directing people on what to do,
follow his or her instruction to facilitate a systematic and orderly
evacuation or DRRM procedure.
5. Once in the assembly area, notify authorities of people who need assistance
such as the injured, trapped, or disabled.
6. Never reenter the building unless it has been declared safe by authorities.
41. Do you have the habit of
searching for the emergency
exits each time you enter a
new building?
42. This is the process of gradually restoring the community to return to its
predisaster level of functioning. Remember that one of the principles of the
DRRM is to build a resilient community. Having recovery plans will give
communities options for rehabilitation of livelihood, restoration of social and
economic activities, advancement in development projects, and
reconstruction of shelters and infrastructure. Resilient communities have a
proactive attitude toward disaster. They view it as a learning process instead
of a destructive event, simply because they are equipped with recovery plans.
43. It is important to develop a comprehensive DRRM plan to estimate and
allocate funds für the implementation of the plan before, during, and after a
disaster. Aside from the various components identified in each stage, a
contingency fund is always provided for expenses that are overlooked or an
allowance for inflation. All estimates of computation should be conservative to
allow for any changes in fees and costs. Responsible management and
utilization of funds need to be strictly exercised in this regard.
44. Draft a budget for a DRRM Plan. What items should be considered in the budget
proposal? Refer to your community for sample size and setting.
45. Track: Technical-vocational
An emergency hotline has just been set up to receive emergency calls nationwide.
You are the assistant manager in a call center and has been tasked by the manager to
draft guidelines on how to receive critical calls. Based on your length of experience
working in a call center, you need to draft five important rules on how to manage
emergency calls. Your "golden rules" will be posted on the desks of call center agents.
So make sure that the rules are clear, helpful, and doable.
Beyond Walls 9.6 Apply It in Real Life
46. The collaboration of Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) and United
Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) has
resulted in many initiatives that promote safer communities and sustainable
development. Part of their output is a guide on community-based disaster risk
management workbook that can be used in developing an effective and functional
DRRM plan. You can access this by visiting http://www.unisdr.org/files/3366
3366CBDRMShesh.pdf.
Extend Your Knowledge
47. The goal of a DRRM plan is to create a resilient community. A DRRM plan is
important because the community has to be prepared for any type of hazard. All
preparations are comprehensively and completely detailed in a DRRM plan. In making
a DRRM plan, a stakeholders must be part of the whole processes so that they are
aware of their roles, capabilities, and tasks. Every person in the community should
participate and cooperate to make the DRRM plan successful in reducing or
preventing any disaster risk.
Essential Learning