Drilling machine & its types

Manufacturing Processing (Lab) Study Of Drilling Machine
Page | 11
Umair Raza 19013386-002 Bs-Mechanical Engineering & Technology
Objectives:
 Introduction
 Evolution Of Drilling Machine :
 Parts Of Drilling Machine
 Operation Of Drilling Machine
 Working Principle Of Drilling Machine
 Safety Precaution
 Conclusion
Introduction:
Drilling is a metal cutting process carried out by a rotating
cutting tool to make circular holes in solid materials.
Drilling machine A power operated machine tool which holds
the drill in its spindle rotating at high speeds and when actuated
move linearly against the work piece produces a hole.
Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole of
circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill bit is usually a
rotary cutting tool, often multi-point. The bit is pressed against
the work-piece and rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands
of revolutions per minute
 Tool which makes hole is called as drill
bit or twist drill.
Evolution Of Drilling Machine :
The invention of the first electric drill is credited to Mr. Arthur James Arnot
and William Blanch Brain, in 1889, at Melbourne, Australia. Wilhelm Fein
invented the portable electric drill in 1895, at Stuttgart, Germany. In 1917,
Black & Decker patented a trigger-like switch mounted on a pistol-grip handle.
In the East, churn drills were invented as early as 221 BC during the
Chinese Qin Dynasty, In 1835 Isaac Singer is reported to have built a steam
powered churn drill based on the method the Chinese used..

Page | 12
Parts Of Drilling Machine :
Head Column Base Spindle Table Drill Chuck
Drive
Motor
Drill
Feed
Handle
Gear
Change
Box
Head
It is mounted on the highest point of the segment and houses the driving and encouraging component for the
axle.
Spindle
This is taper shaft in circular shape which helps to hold the drill chuck.
Its made up of high carbon chromium steel, stainless steel or steel alloys.
They transfer the rotary motion from drill head to drill jigs.
It can move up and down with the help of rack and pinion mechanism.
Drill chuck
It is generally self – centering which is made of special alloy steel.
Its present on the lower end of the spindle.
Table
Its present on the column with T -slots for clamping the work directly
on its face.
They may be round or rectangular in shape.
Base
It is that part of a machine on which vertical column is present.
Its support the column and worktable with other attachments.
It made up of casting.
Column
It is the vertical member of the machine that supports the table and the head containing all the driving
mechanism.
Operation of Drilling Machine:
The various operations that can be performed in a drilling machine are :
1. Drilling 4. Counter Boring 7. Tapping
2. Boring 5. Counter Sinking 8.Trepanning
3. Reaming 6. Spot Facing 9. Grinding
Drilling
Drilling is an operation of producing a cylindrical hole by
removing metal by rotating edge of cutting tool call
as Drill. This is one of the simplest methods of producing
a hole. It doesn’t produce an accurate hole in a workpiece
due to the vibration of the spindle and drill.

Page | 13
Boring
The purpose of boring is to enlarge a hole by means of an
adjustable cutting tool with only one cutting edge. It
machine the internal surface of a hole already produced in
casting. To correct out of roundness of the hole. To
address the area of the gap as the drilling apparatus
follows an autonomous way as for the gap.
Reaming
It is a precise method for estimating and completing an
opening which has been recently bored. The tool uses for
reaming is known as the reamer which has multiple
cutting edges.
It can’t originate a hole.
Counter Sinking
It is an activity of making a cone – shaped enlargement of
the end of a hole to provide a recess for a flat head screw
or countersunk rivet fitted into the hole
Spot Facing
This is an operation of smoothing and squaring the
surface around a hole for the seat for a nut or the head of
a screw. A counter bore or an extraordinary spot
confronting apparatus might be utilized for this reason.
Tapping
This is an operation of cutting internal threads by means
of cutting tool called a tap.
A tap might be considered as a jolt with precise strings
cut on it.
The threads act as cutting edges which are solidified and
ground.
It removes metal and cuts internal threads which will fit
into outer threads of the same size.
Trepanning
This is an operation of producing a hole by removing
metal along the circumference of a hollow cutting tool.
It performs for producing large holes.
Counter Boring
This is an operation of enlarging the end of a hole
cylindrically.
The enlarged hole forms a square shoulder with the first
gap. The cutting speed for this operation is 25 % less than
that of drilling.

Page | 14
Types of Drilling Machine By Construction:
Portable Drilling Machine Sensitive Drilling Machine
Upright Drilling Machine Radial Drilling Machine
Gang Drilling Machine Multiple Spindle Drilling Machine
Deep Mole Drilling Machine
Portable Drilling Machine: Also called as
hand drilling machine or portable drilling
machine, these drills are one of the most used
drills to be used by construction companies.
Unlike other standard tools, these machines
are used for drilling holes on the rocks or any
rigid surface.
Sensitive Drilling Machines:Also called as
bench drilling machines, these drilling
machines are perfect for making small holes at
high speeds. This drilling machine is mounted
on a bench with the bolts and nut, and is
installed by hand. Also, a sensitive drilling
machine comes with a base,table, spindle,
drill head,driving mechanism and column.
Upright Drilling Machine: This kind of tool
is specially designed for handling small to
medium-sized workplaces. Although it is a
sensitive drilling machine, it is heavier than
normal drilling machine. For drilling that
requires a different type of work, the upright
drilling machine comes with a spindle feed
and speed.

Page | 15
Radial Drilling Machine: This drilling
machine is designed for drilling large and
heavy workspaces. The column supports radial
arm of the tool which is designed in a way to
lower the table to house workpieces of
different heights. They are also used as
perfect rock drilling component that
construction companies can use with ease.
DeepMole Drilling Machine: These are
the special machines that are designed to drill
deep holes in the connecting rods, spindles as
well to the barrels of the gun. With high
cutting speed and less feed,they are perfect for
making deep holes. Make sure to use coolant
while drilling the machine as it fed slowly into
the rotating work .
Multiple Spindle Drilling Machines:
Whether it’s about drilling number of holes in
a workpiece or same drilling of holes on some
identical pieces,multiple spindle drilling
machines are the best. As the name suggests,
the multiple spindle drilling machine comes
with severalspindles that drills all fed at the
same time. Also, you can alter the distance
between the axles to manage the holes in the
drill.
Gang Drilling Machine: The gang drilling
machine is more like a long common table
with a base and 4–6 drill heads that are placed
side by side. The drill head has separate
driving motors which are used in the
production work.You can use gang drilling
machine for things like drilling, reaming,
counterboring and tapping, by simply moving
the machine back and forth. Also, different
spindle tools are used for different operations,
which means,whether it’s the small drill or the
large, the gang drilling machine is the one you
need.

Page | 16
Working Principle Of Drilling Machine:
The rotating edge of the drill exerts a large force on the workpiece and the
hole is generated. The removal of metal in a drilling operation is by
shearing and extrusion. ... The machine is capable of drilling holes in the
workpieces in any position.
SafetyPrecautionOf Drilling Machine:
Do not support the workplaces by hand. Use a
holding device to prevent the workpiece from being
tom from the operator's hand.
Make sure that the cutting tools are running straight
before starting the operation.
Never make any adjustments while the machine is
operating.
Never place tools or equipment on the drilling tables.
Never clean away chips with your hand. Use a brush. Keep all guards in place while operating.
Keep all loose clothing away from turning tools Ease up on the feed as the drill breaks through the
work to avoid damaged tools or workplaces.
Remove all chuck keys and wrenches before
operating.
Always wear eye protection while operating any
drilling machines.
Conclusion:
A drill is a tool primarily used for making round holes or driving fasteners. It is fitted with a bit, either
a drill or driver, depending on application, secured by a chuck. Some powered drills also include
a hammer function. Drills vary widely in speed, power, and size. They are characteristically corded
electrically driven devices, with hand operated types dramatically decreasing in popularity and cordless
battery powered ones proliferating. Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, machine
tool fabrication, construction and utility projects..
References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill
https://learnmechanical.com/drilling-machine/
https://www.wisc-online.com/LearningContent/mtl8502/MLT8502.htm
https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-drilling-machine
https://www.smlease.com/entries/manufacturing/drilling-machine-operations/
http://machinetools.bhavyamachinetools.com/working-principle-of-drilling-machines/
https://www.slideshare.net/kalyanasreenivasan/drilling-machine-44212780?next_slideshow=1

Drilling machine & its types

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Drilling machine & its types

More from Umair Raza

Recently uploaded

Drilling machine & its types