introduction of plate tectonics leading to finding the epicenter.
Divergent plate boundary is alsoincluded in the ppt. Search the activity sheet on this topic also uploaded here
This tacklesabout locating epicenter,3 typesof plate boundaries hotspot.
A ppt presentation for module 1 in 1st quarter in grade 10sciencein the Philippines.
Feel free tomessage mefor any corrections/suggestions forimprovement.
This is the notes and slides provided and compiled by teachers from reputable schools. Sharing with you now is this notes!!! Enjoy and love geography!!!
introduction of plate tectonics leading to finding the epicenter.
Divergent plate boundary is alsoincluded in the ppt. Search the activity sheet on this topic also uploaded here
This tacklesabout locating epicenter,3 typesof plate boundaries hotspot.
A ppt presentation for module 1 in 1st quarter in grade 10sciencein the Philippines.
Feel free tomessage mefor any corrections/suggestions forimprovement.
This is the notes and slides provided and compiled by teachers from reputable schools. Sharing with you now is this notes!!! Enjoy and love geography!!!
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
2. FAULT – Breaks in Earth’s crust where rocks have
slipped past each other.
The edges of Earth’s plates
meet at plate boundaries.
Extended deep into the
lithosphere
3. What are the three types of
boundaries?
• Divergent Boundaries
• Convergent Boundaries
• Transform Boundaries
4. Divergent Boundaries
A plate boundary where two plates move away from
each other.
RIFTING
causes
SEAFLOOR SPREADING
5. How is the rock pulled at Divergent
Boundaries?
Rock gets THIN in the middle as it is
pulled apart.
This STRESS is called
6. What happens when the rock SNAPS
from the Stress of Tension?
A Normal Fault (fault is a break in Earth’s
crust)
Rock drops down as it breaks
7. What happens next at Divergent Boundaries?
• A geologic feature or
event…
May form RIFT
VALLEYS on continents
SEA-FLOOR SPREADING
in the ocean
8. A rift valley is a linear shaped lowland
between several highlands or
mountain ranges created by the action
of a geologic rift or fault. A rift
valley is formed on a divergent plate
boundary, a crustal extension or
spreading apart of the surface, which
is subsequently further deepened by
the forces of erosion.
14. Oceanic ridges an elevated region
with a central valley on an ocean floor
at the boundary between two diverging
tectonic plates where new crust forms
from upwelling magma.
a continous mass of land with long
width and height on the ocean floor
15. CREATED WHEN MAGMA
RISING BETWEEN DIVERGING
PLATES OF THE
LITHOSPHERE COOLS AND
FORMS A NEW LAYER OF
CRUST
16.
17.
18. The mid ocean ridge systems are the
largest geological features on the planet.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is a mostly
underwater mountain range in the
Atlantic Ocean that runs from 87°N -
about 333km south of the North Pole- to
subantarctic Bourvet island at 54°S. The
MAR is about 3 km in height above the
ocean floor and 1000 to 1500 km wide,
has numerous transform faults and an
axial rift valley along its length.
19. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a submarine ridge
located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean,
that wraps around the globe for more than
65,000 km like the seam of a baseball. It is the
longest and the most extensive chain of
mountains on earth, but being located
underwater, more than 90% of this mountain
range remains hidden from view. There are only
a few places on earth where it juts out of the
surface of the ocean, in the form of a few
islands, one of which is Iceland.
20.
21. Features of Divergent Boundaries
• Mid-ocean ridges
• rift valleys
• fissure volcanoes
22.
23. Q28 What are common in the four pictures?
Answers: All four pictures show a fissure or a crack
between two land masses.
Q29. What do you think is happening to the Earth’s
crust in those pictures? Answer: The land masses
are moving away from each other.
Q30. If this event continues for millions of years,
what do you think will be the effect on the
crust? Answer: The distance between the land
masses will be far greater than what is
shown in the picture.
Q31. Complete the drawing below to illustrate your
answer in question number 3.
24. KEY CONCEPTS
1. Divergent boundaries occur along spreading centers
where plates are moving apart and new crust is created
by magma pushing up from the mantle.
2. Effects that are found at a divergent boundary
between oceanic plates include: a submarine mountain
range such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; volcanic activity
in the form of fissure
eruptions;shallow earthquake
activity;creation of new seafloor; and
a widening ocean basin.
3. If a divergent boundary is between continental
plates, the effects are: rift valley formation which will
soon develop into linear sea; shallow earthquake
activities, and numerous normal faults.
34. TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES
• Occurs at divergent boundaries
• 2 plates slide past each other
• This sliding is not smooth. Plates
lock and build up tension.
• Then the plates “snap” and release
that energy earthquake!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=ZxPTLmg0ZCw&feature=ends
creen
45. Hotspot- A “hot spot” is an area in the
mantle from which hot materials rise
as a thermal plume
46. Individual column of magma that rises
up and punches through the
lithosphere
Forms chains of volcanoes as a plate
moves over the hot spot
~100 Hot Spots
10% of heat transfer
Decompression melting (like
divergence)
Mantle Plumes (Hotspots)
47.
48. The tectonic plate moves over a
fixed hotspot forming a chain of
volcanoes.
The volcanoes get younger from one
end to the other.
50. The heat from the hotspot produces
a persistent source of magma by
partially melting the overriding plate,
which rises through the mantle to
erupt on the sea floor, forming an
active seamount.
52. As the plate moves, the island is
carried beyond the hot spot and its
magma source and volcanism
ceases. As that volcano becomes
extinct, another develops over the
hot spot and the cycle is repeated.
Thus a line of volcanoes is created
over millions of yrs ( but only the
plume above the hot spot is active,
the rest are extinct and may even
subside and sink below the ocean)
53. Where does the rock that makes up the Hawaiian
islands come from?
MAGMA!
