Discovery Day Unks
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This document summarizes Ryan Unks' research on linking pastoralism and landscape ecology in Laikipia County, Kenya. It discusses how pastoralist herding practices have changed over time due to loss of land and influences of the market. Vegetation across the landscape has also changed, with increases in unpalatable species and decreases in species important for pastoralists. The research aims to understand how social and institutional factors influence grazing practices and spatial relationships between plant communities and grazing. The goal is to explore implications of interrelated social and ecological changes for livelihoods and natural resource management. Methods include interviews, surveys, satellite image analysis, and plant community analysis.
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West Weald Landscape Project Conference: Barbastelle bat 2014
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Loos, J. (2012). Annual Conference of the Ecological Society of Germany, Aust...
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Toward a general measure of landscape connectivity for climate change
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Landscape impacts of bioenergy production using state-and-transition modeling
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Dorresteijn, I. (2012) International Bear Conference in New Delhi
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Raffaele lafortezza, jiquan chen, giovanni sanesi, thomas r. crow patterns an...
Raffaele lafortezza, jiquan chen, giovanni sanesi, thomas r. crow patterns an...
The predicament of connectivity and the changing landscape of collective action
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Landscape Restoration for Improving Ecosystem Services and Building Climate R...
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West Weald Landscape Project Conference: Barbastelle bat 2014
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Landscape Approaches & Ecosystem Services in the post-2015 SDGs
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Makalah Mata Kuliah Ekologi dan Lingkungan - S1 Pariwisata 2014
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IImpact of Riparian Community’s livelihood strategies on Wetlands Conservati...
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Isaiah Ochieng Abillah
Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Murang‟a University of
Technology, Kenya
Abstract: Wetlands, all over the world, offer many livelihood support services to riparian communities and beyond
but are currently severely threatened with decimation. In Murang’a County, Kenya, wetlands are a key life
support system for many communities but their survival is currently uncertain due to extensive encroachment,
filling up, pollution and weak legislation. Our study aimed at investigating the impact of riparian community’s
livelihood strategies on wetlands conservation and restoration in Murang’a County, Kenya. Data was collected in
4-sub counties of the County using household’s survey questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus group
discussion. A randomly selected sample of 404 respondents were recruited for the study. Data was analyzed using
SPSS software version 26.0. Results showed an encroachment rate into the wetlands by the riparian communities
of 60.4%. A highly significant and positive correlation was obtained between livelihood strategies and impacts on
wetlands ((r=0.184, p value =0.001). Members of the riparian communities were poorly informed about the roles of
wetlands, with 70% unaware of any wetland’s conservation efforts. A whopping 73.7% had not participated in any
wetland conservation effort. Hence, there is need for community sensitization and empowerment on wetlands wise
use as well as sustainable wetland utilization, conservation and management.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Globally, wetlands cover about 6% of the 5.7 million km2 of the Earth‟s surface and they support millions of livelihoods
as they act as „‟water banks‟‟ where water may be drawn and ground water replenished (Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment, 2005). Wetlands are as old as the Earth itself. By 20th century, the increased use of wetlands attracted the
attention of the world and a global meeting was held in Iran on 2nd February, 1971 to discuss wise use and conservation
of lands that were wet (wetlands), the meeting was named the Ramsar Convention and it has been the foundation of
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The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
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快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
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Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
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Discovery Day Unks
- 1. Linking Pastoralism and Landscape Ecology in Laikipia Ryan R. Unks Integrative Conservation in Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia July 16th, 2014
- 2. Pastoralism • Specialized breeds of livestock that tolerate drought, high heat, and migration • Milk production rather than consumptive use • Unique Social Structure • Customary Authority – Councils of Elders • Complex networks of reciprocity • Flexible access to temporally and spatially variable resources
- 3. Semi-arid Ecology • Rainfall limits productivity and is highly variable, leading to spatial heterogeneity of vegetation resources • Access to resources across the landscape buffers against variability (Ash et al. 2002) • Lack of movement can couple resources and herbivores leading to vegetation changes (Hodgkinson 1995, Boone 2011) Photo: Lizzie King
- 5. Mukogodo Reserve, an “open” system • Historical loss of land during the colonial period and recent loss of access to grazing in areas that were formerly government or absentee-owned land (Letai and Lind 2013) • Market influences on herds, high amounts of sales of small-stock to buy grains and fulfill basic needs (Herren 1987, Hauck 2013) • Large decreases in herd size and changes in composition (lowest #’s of livestock per capita in the region, large increases in small-stock (Herren 1987))
- 6. Ecological Change • Increases in unpalatable species • Loss of herbaceous and woody species that are important for pastoralist subsistence • Changes in plant composition with potential implications for ecosystem function and resilience
- 7. Main Points of Inquiry 1. How are social and institutional factors mediating grazing practices over time at different spatial scales? 2. How are spatial relationships of plant community composition related to changes in grazing practices? 3. What are the implications of interrelated changes in social and ecological dynamics for livelihoods and natural resource management regimes?
- 8. Methods • 1. Herding Changes – Interviews and Household Surveys underway to determine recent changes in herding and household grazing at the landscape scale • 2. Vegetation Changes • a. Satellite image analysis to analyze the history of vegetation change and structural patterns at the landscape scale • b. Plant Community Ecology methods to explore vegetation composition and structure at fine scales
- 9. Methods • 3. Implications • Multi-level Institutional Analysis focusing on variability of access to vegetation resources at different spatial scales
- 10. Exploring synergies between pastoralism, landscape processes, and wildlife conservation
- 11. Acknowledgements • Support: National Science Foundation Dynamics of Coupled Natural-Human Systems • Advisor: Lizzie King (Odum School of Ecology) • Co-advisor and collaborator: Laura German (UGA Anthropology • Technician extraordinaire: Wachira Naiputari • Lelekung Naiputari, Lesayu Parseroi, Calol Parseroi
- 12. References Ash, A, Stafford Smith, D & Abel, N. 2002. Land degradation and secondary production in semi- arid and arid grazing systems: What is the evidence? In Global desertification: Do humans cause deserts? edited by J Reynolds & D Stafford Smith. Berlin: Dahlem University Press. Boone, R. B., Galvin, K. A., BurnSilver, S. B., Thornton, P. K., Ojima, D. S., & Jawson, J. R. (2011). Using coupled simulation models to link pastoral decision making and ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, 16(2), 6. Herren, U. J. (1987). "The People of Mukogodo Division, Laikipia District: A Historical and Anthropological Baseline." In Laikipia Reports (No.9). Berne, Switzerland: Laikipia Research Programme, University of Berne. Hodgkinson, K. (1995). A model for perennial grass mortality under grazing. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Rangeland Congress. Society for Range Management, Denver, Colorado, USA (pp. 240-241). Kaye-Zwiebel, E. W. (2011). Development aid and community public goods provision: a study of pastoralist communities in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, Princeton University). Letai, J. and J. Lind (2013). ‘Squeezed from All Sides: Changing Resource Tenure and Pastoralist Innovation on the Laikipia Plateau, Kenya’ in Catley et al. (Eds.) McCabe, J. T. (2004). Cattle bring us to our enemies. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Ludwig, J. A., Wilcox, B. P., Breshears, D. D., Tongway, D. J., & Imeson, A. C. (2005). Vegetation patches and runoff-erosion as interacting ecohydrological processes in semiarid landscapes. Ecology, 86(2), 288-297.