This document provides exercises for discovering your personal script. The exercises include imagining yourself as a favorite character, continuing a story or fable by becoming its elements, analyzing dreams by becoming its people and objects, and envisioning your life as a play in scenes from childhood to the future. The purpose is to gain insights from your imagination, dreams, and life experiences without overthinking or censoring your responses.
Breaking out of process script patterns - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
If you are uncomfortable with your process script, you can step out of it. Of all the personal changes TA makes feasible, this is one of the easiest to accomplish. You need to begin by establishing what your own main process patterns are. Once you have this insight, you simply take Adult control and behave in ways that break the pattern.
Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to the th...Manu Melwin Joy
Each time we meet a problem, We have two options. We can use the full power of our grown up thinking, feeling and action to solve the problem or We can go to into the script. Discounting is defined as unawarely ignoring information relevant to the solution to the problem.
Your Mother and Father both had their own parent, Adult and Child ego states. They transmitted script messages to you from all three of these ego states. You received these messages and filed them away in your own three ego states. From this realization, Claude Steiner developed what is now one of the central model of TA: the script matrix.
Frame of reference and redefining - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The frame of reference is defined by the Schiffs as the structure of associated responses which integrates the various ego states in response to specific stimuli.
Non winning script - life script (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrati...Manu Melwin Joy
Someone with a non-winning script is a middle of the roader. He plods along from day to day, not making any big winds but not making any big losses either. He doesn’t take risk. This kind of script pattern is often called banal.
Life scripts - Transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The theory of script was developed by Eric Berne and his Co-workers, notably Claude Steiner, in the mid 1960’s.
The concept of script has grown in importance as a part of TA theory, until now it ranks with the ego state model as a central idea of TA.
Achieving autonomy is the ultimate goal in transactional analysis.Being autonomous means being self governing, determining one’s own destiny, taking responsibility for one’s own actions and feelings and throwing off patterns that are irrelevant and inappropriate to living in the here and now
Breaking out of process script patterns - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
If you are uncomfortable with your process script, you can step out of it. Of all the personal changes TA makes feasible, this is one of the easiest to accomplish. You need to begin by establishing what your own main process patterns are. Once you have this insight, you simply take Adult control and behave in ways that break the pattern.
Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to the th...Manu Melwin Joy
Each time we meet a problem, We have two options. We can use the full power of our grown up thinking, feeling and action to solve the problem or We can go to into the script. Discounting is defined as unawarely ignoring information relevant to the solution to the problem.
Your Mother and Father both had their own parent, Adult and Child ego states. They transmitted script messages to you from all three of these ego states. You received these messages and filed them away in your own three ego states. From this realization, Claude Steiner developed what is now one of the central model of TA: the script matrix.
Frame of reference and redefining - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The frame of reference is defined by the Schiffs as the structure of associated responses which integrates the various ego states in response to specific stimuli.
Non winning script - life script (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrati...Manu Melwin Joy
Someone with a non-winning script is a middle of the roader. He plods along from day to day, not making any big winds but not making any big losses either. He doesn’t take risk. This kind of script pattern is often called banal.
Life scripts - Transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The theory of script was developed by Eric Berne and his Co-workers, notably Claude Steiner, in the mid 1960’s.
The concept of script has grown in importance as a part of TA theory, until now it ranks with the ego state model as a central idea of TA.
Achieving autonomy is the ultimate goal in transactional analysis.Being autonomous means being self governing, determining one’s own destiny, taking responsibility for one’s own actions and feelings and throwing off patterns that are irrelevant and inappropriate to living in the here and now
In their work as therapist, Bob and Mary Goulding found that twelve themes emerged again and again as the basis for people’s negative early decisions. They developed the list of these twelve injunctions.
This injunction Don’t Be Close may imply a ban on physical closeness. In this form, it is often modeled by parents who seldom touch each other or the child.
Carom Transaction is three handed. One person speaks to another while hoping to influence the third one who can overhear it. For example, a man may be too fearful to speak directly to is boss, so says something to a co – worker, hoping the boss will get the message.
Racket analysis - Transactional Analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Any time your experience a racket feeling, you are in script.
As children, we use racket feeling to get our needs met in families.
We attempt to manipulate the environment so as to gain the parental support we gained in childhood by experiencing and showing these racket feelings.
Cycles of Developement - Pamela Levin - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
The cycles of development theory was developed by Pamela Levin and is a model of how we grow up.
Psychology
Child development
Sex
Motivation
Personality
Success
Happy living
Well being
Personal growth
Doing nothing - Passive behavior - Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA i...Manu Melwin Joy
A person exhibiting doing nothing passive behavior feels uncomfortable and experiences himself as not thinking. He is discounting his own ability to do anything about the situation.
Discount matrix (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to th...Manu Melwin Joy
Discounting results in unresolved problems. Thus, if we can devise a systematic way of identifying the nature and intensity of discounting, we will have a powerful tool for problem solving. Such a tool is called discount matrix.
I am in parent contamination when I mistake parental slogans for adult reality. These are taught beliefs that are taken as facts. Berne call this prejudice. When a person is speaking about herself and say you instead of I, it is likely that the content of what follows will be parent contaminated.
Working in the early 1970s, clinical psychologist Taibi Kahler made an intriguing discovery. He had followed up Berne’s idea that the script may be played out over very short periods.
Second by second, Kahler noted his subjects words, tones, gestures, postures and facial expressions. He found that there were certain distinctive sets of behaviors which people consistently showed just before they moved into any kind of scripty behavior or feelings.
Kahler and his coworkers listed five of these second by second behavior sequences. They called them drivers. Further study showed that driver behavior was part of a wider pattern which Kahler called the miniscript.
Some people may take one of their script messages and turn it round to its opposite. They then follow this opposite instead of the original message. Most often, this is done with counterscript. When we act in this way, we are said to be in antiscript.
Berne suggested that the young child, early in the process of script formation already has certain convictions about himself and the people around him. These convictions are likely to stay with him the rest of his life.
Imagine you are in a theatre. You are waiting for a play to start. This play is your very own life story. What kind of play is this you are going to watch? Is it comedy, a tragedy? Is it high drama or a kitchen sink opera? Is it interesting or boring, heroic or matter of fact – or what?
Look around the room. Choose any object you see. The best one is the first one you think of. Now be the object and talk about yourself. For example : “I am the door. I am hard, square and wooden. ometimes I get in people’s way. But when I do, they just push me to one side…”
In their work as therapist, Bob and Mary Goulding found that twelve themes emerged again and again as the basis for people’s negative early decisions. They developed the list of these twelve injunctions.
This injunction Don’t Be Close may imply a ban on physical closeness. In this form, it is often modeled by parents who seldom touch each other or the child.
Carom Transaction is three handed. One person speaks to another while hoping to influence the third one who can overhear it. For example, a man may be too fearful to speak directly to is boss, so says something to a co – worker, hoping the boss will get the message.
Racket analysis - Transactional Analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Any time your experience a racket feeling, you are in script.
As children, we use racket feeling to get our needs met in families.
We attempt to manipulate the environment so as to gain the parental support we gained in childhood by experiencing and showing these racket feelings.
Cycles of Developement - Pamela Levin - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
The cycles of development theory was developed by Pamela Levin and is a model of how we grow up.
Psychology
Child development
Sex
Motivation
Personality
Success
Happy living
Well being
Personal growth
Doing nothing - Passive behavior - Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA i...Manu Melwin Joy
A person exhibiting doing nothing passive behavior feels uncomfortable and experiences himself as not thinking. He is discounting his own ability to do anything about the situation.
Discount matrix (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to th...Manu Melwin Joy
Discounting results in unresolved problems. Thus, if we can devise a systematic way of identifying the nature and intensity of discounting, we will have a powerful tool for problem solving. Such a tool is called discount matrix.
I am in parent contamination when I mistake parental slogans for adult reality. These are taught beliefs that are taken as facts. Berne call this prejudice. When a person is speaking about herself and say you instead of I, it is likely that the content of what follows will be parent contaminated.
Working in the early 1970s, clinical psychologist Taibi Kahler made an intriguing discovery. He had followed up Berne’s idea that the script may be played out over very short periods.
Second by second, Kahler noted his subjects words, tones, gestures, postures and facial expressions. He found that there were certain distinctive sets of behaviors which people consistently showed just before they moved into any kind of scripty behavior or feelings.
Kahler and his coworkers listed five of these second by second behavior sequences. They called them drivers. Further study showed that driver behavior was part of a wider pattern which Kahler called the miniscript.
Some people may take one of their script messages and turn it round to its opposite. They then follow this opposite instead of the original message. Most often, this is done with counterscript. When we act in this way, we are said to be in antiscript.
Berne suggested that the young child, early in the process of script formation already has certain convictions about himself and the people around him. These convictions are likely to stay with him the rest of his life.
Imagine you are in a theatre. You are waiting for a play to start. This play is your very own life story. What kind of play is this you are going to watch? Is it comedy, a tragedy? Is it high drama or a kitchen sink opera? Is it interesting or boring, heroic or matter of fact – or what?
Look around the room. Choose any object you see. The best one is the first one you think of. Now be the object and talk about yourself. For example : “I am the door. I am hard, square and wooden. ometimes I get in people’s way. But when I do, they just push me to one side…”
Dreams, fantasies, fairy tales and childhood stories can all give us clues to our script.While you do these exercises, let your imagination run fee. Don’t bother thinking what they are for or what they mean. Don’t censor or try to figure our what you are supposed to say. Just accept your first images and feelings that may come with them.
Unit IV: Persuade people, Expression to Persuade People, Encourage people, Ex...Cholifa Zoey
PPT ini berisi tentang beberapa Expression yang ada dikelas 12 mungkin juga ada di tingkatan kelas lain. semoga bisa membantu :)
Persuade people
Expression to Persuade People
Encourage people
Expression to Encourage People
Discourage people
Expression to Discourage People
Genre: Narrative
Direct and Indirect Speeches
Spoken Warnings and Encouragement Cards
Choose any story or fable. The first one you bring to mind is best. It may be a childhood fairy tale, a classic myth or anything else you want. You might begin : “ Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl who was sent to sleep for ages and ages by her evil stepmother. She lay in a room deep inside a castle. Round the castle was a prickly hedge. Kings and princes cam looking for the girl, but none of them was strong enough to hack through the hedge.”
Contracts for change - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Berne defined a contract as an explicit bilateral commitment to a well defined course of action.
James and Jongeward defined contract as an adult commitment to one’s self and/or someone else to make a change.
Symbiosis and script - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Thus in ideal parenting, the child’s caretaker will be employing Parent and Adult resources appropriately, while still not discounting her own Child. As the child grows, the parent will provide him with what is needed to complete each stage of development.
Healthy symbiosis - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
For example, I have just come out from under anesthetic after an operation. Nurse is holding my hands and telling : “ You will be alright. Just hang one to my hand”. At that point, my Adult and Parent are out of commission.
Role of parent in frame of reference - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin...Manu Melwin Joy
The parent ego state plays a particularly important part in the formulation of the frame of reference. This is because our frame of reference consists of definitions of the world, self and others.
Frame of reference and ego states - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
As an further aid to understanding the frame of reference, the Schiffs suggest that it can be thought of as a “skin that surrounds the ego states binding them together.
Frame of reference - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The frame of reference is defined by the Schiffs as the structure of associated responses which integrates the various ego states in response to specific stimuli.
Your miniscript patterns - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Think of some recent situations in which you responded to stress by feeling bad. In your imagination, re-play each situation up to the point where you just began experiencing the bad feeling.
Four myths underling drivers and rackets - transactional analysis - Manu Me...Manu Melwin Joy
Taibi Kahler suggests there are four myths which underlie drivers and rackets. They consists of two pairs. One of each pair comes from the parent. The other is a child response.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2. Prepared By
Manu Melwin Joy
Research Scholar
School of Management Studies
CUSAT, Kerala, India.
Phone – 9744551114
Mail – manu_melwinjoy@yahoo.com
Kindly restrict the use of slides for personal purpose.
Please seek permission to reproduce the same in public
forms and presentations.
3. Discovering your own script
• Dreams, fantasies, fairy tales
and childhood stories can all
give us clues to our script.
• While you do these exercises,
let your imagination run fee.
• Don’t bother thinking what
they are for or what they
mean.
• Don’t censor or try to figure
our what you are supposed
to say.
• Just accept your first images
and feelings that may come
with them.
4. Exercise 1
Hero or heroine
• Who is your favorite
character?
• It may be someone for a
childhood story.
• Perhaps it is a hero or
heroine from a play,
book or film you
remember.
• Maybe it is a real
person.
5. Exercise 1
Hero or heroine
• Choose the first character
you bring to your mind.
• Be come your chosen
character. Talk about
yourself as long as you
like. Use the word I…
• Ex :Superman.
• Whoever your chosen
character is, now go
ahead, be him or her and
talk about yourself.
6. Exercise 2
Story or Fable
• Choose any story or fable. The
first one you bring to mind is
best. It may be a childhood
fairy tale, a classic myth or
anything else you want.
• You might begin : “ Once upon
a time, there was a beautiful
girl who was sent to sleep for
ages and ages by her evil
stepmother. She lay in a room
deep inside a castle. Round the
castle was a prickly hedge.
Kings and princes cam looking
for the girl, but none of them
was strong enough to hack
through the hedge.”
7. Exercise 2
Story or Fable
• To get more from the story, you
can go on and become each one
of the people and things in the
story.
• From the above story, you could
choose to be the girl, the
stepmother, the room, the castle,
one of the princes or the hedge.
• As the hedge, you might say : “I
am hedge, I am sturdy, rough and
prickly. All my prickles are
pointed outwards, so that people
can’t hack me around. My job is
to protect that young girl who is
asleep inside me.”
8. Exercise 3
Dream
• Choose a dream of yours.
You are likely to learn most
from a recent dream or
one which recurs, but any
dream will do.
• Tell the dream. Relate it in
the present tense, not the
past.
• Then, just as you did with
your story, become each of
the people and things in
the dream and talk about
yourself.
9. Exercise 3
Dream
• Recall how you felt
immediately after you
awoke from the dream.
Was it pleasant or
unpleasant feeling?
• Did you like how the
dream ended? If you did
not, you can continue the
exercise by re-writing your
dream ending.
• Tell the rewritten ending
just as you told the dream,
using the present tense.
10. Exercise 4
Object in the room
• Look around the room.
Choose any object you
see. The best one is the
first one you think of.
• Now be the object and talk
about yourself. For
example : “I am the door. I
am hard, square and
wooden. Sometimes I get
in people’s way. But when I
do, they just push me to
one side…”
11. Exercise 4
Object in the room
• To get even more from
the exercise, ask a
partner to conduct a
conversation with you
as the object you have
chosen.
• The partner is not to
make interpretation. He
is just to talk with you as
the door or fireplace or
whatever you have
chosen.
12. Exercise 4
Object in the room
• “I am the door. When I
stand in people’s way,
they push me aside.”
• “Well, door, how do you
feel when people push
you aside?”
• “I feel angry. But I am a
door and I cant talk. I
just let them do it.”
• “Aha. So is there
anything you want to
change door, to feel
better?”
13. Exercise 5
See your life as a play
• Imagine you are in a
theatre. You are waiting
for a play to start. This
play is your very own life
story.
• What kind of play is this
you are going to watch?
Is it comedy, a tragedy?
Is it high drama or a
kitchen sink opera? Is it
interesting or boring,
heroic or matter of fact
– or what?
14. Exercise 5
See your life as a play
• Is the theatre full, half
empty or empty? Are
the audience going to
be enthralled or
bored? Happy or sad?
Are they going to
applaud or walk out –
or what?
• What is the title of this
play of yours- your
very own life story?
15. Exercise 5
See your life as a play
• Curtain is opening and
this is the very first
scene of your life.
• You were very young.
What do you see around
you? Who is there? Do
you see faces and the
expression in faces?
• What do you hear? Be
aware of what do you
feel.
16. Exercise 5
See your life as a play
• Scene changes and now
you are a young child of
three to six years old.
• Where are you? What
can you see around
you? Are there other
people there? Who is
there?
• Are they saying anything
to you? Are you saying
anything to them? Do
you hear any other
sounds?
17. Exercise 5
See your life as a play
• Similarly, go through
teenage, adulthood,
the present age and
ten years in the future.
• The last scene of your
play – your death
scene. How old are
you in this last scene?
• Share your experience
to the group.