The document discusses Vladimir Propp's identification of character types and narrative structures that are common in stories. It then analyzes the short story "The Boy Who Cried Wolf" based on these concepts. The main character types in the story are identified as the hero (the boy), the villain (the wolf), and the prize (not being bored). The story follows a linear narrative structure of equilibrium (tending sheep), disequilibrium (the boy's pranks), and new equilibrium (the aftermath with missing sheep).

1. Vladmir Propp
Vladimir Propp was a Russian soviet formalist who
found the basic narratives and character types to
most stories of his time.
I believe that in my story these are the character
types that are present:
• Hero
• Villain
• Prize
• Donor
• The false hero (anti-hero)

2. The Hero
• The Hero is the character that leads the narrative.
Generally they are on some sort of mission or
quest to find or rescue something or someone.
And most people want them to succeed in this as
well
• The hero, so to speak, in my story is the boy.
Whilst he does not portray any acts of heroism
and is actually a bit of a nuisance. However he is
still the main character that the storyline follows.

3. The Villain
• The villain is the person that either is against or
makes the heroes life hard. Usually the are shown
as being evil or morally bad, which makes they
audience want them to fail. They could be trying
to prevent the hero from reaching there goal or
they could be trying to reach the same goal as
them first.
• The villain of my story is the wolf, as he is the one
that causes the big commotion that just
happened to make everything else fall apart with
it.

4. The Princess/Prize
• In most storylines, the princess or the prize is the thing
that the hero either wants or is trying to get. It maybe
a person or an object, occasionally it is a person who
they are trying to rescue and they end up falling in love
with and marrying. They could only be seen at the end
of a film or very rarely.
• In a way the main character didn’t want to be bored
that was what his prize was, and he got his prize the
first two times however whilst the third time it kind of
backfired, essentially he still wasn’t bored so he did get
his prize in a strange twisted way.

5. The Donor
• The donor is someone or something that gives
the hero something they need to succeed in
there quest. Things like information,
equipment or a power.
• The donors of my story are the villagers.
Because whilst they are willing to help the
boy, by giving him advice not to do it again. No
actual physical object is given to him.

6. The Helper
• The helper is a person that helps or supports
the main character in there quest. However
helpers generally have a limitation or
weakness.
• A well known helper in film, is Dory, in Finding
Nemo. She helps out marl to retrieve his son.
Dory helps out marl because she, somehow,
can read English, and her limitation is she has
short term memory loss.

7. The Father
• in most storylines, the father role, is the
person that gives the task to the hero.
Commonly someone the hero try’s to
persuade or impress, perhaps wanting them
to give there child in marriage, but not always.
• The father in the film Finding Nemo, is
P.Shreman, as it is his actions that cause marl
the main character to begin his quest.

8. The False Hero
• The false hero is a person that only appears to act
heroically and may even be mistaken as the hero
at the start. However generally they will try to
steal the real heroes credit money or prize.
• In a sense the false hero of my book is again the
boy. Because he is the main character but he is
generally bad, a nuisance and a liar. So essentially
he is a anti hero. Plus no one really wants him to
succeed.

9. The dispatcher
• The dispatcher in a storyline is the person who
sends the main character on there mission or
quest. This person could also be the father,
false hero or perhaps the helper.
• In the film, Finding Nemo. Dory is also the
dispatcher. As she is the one that really helps
marl to begin his quest to find Nemo.

10. Narrative
• Tzvetan Todorov created the 3 and 5 step storyline narrative. These
steps involve the set up of virtually all articles, whether it be a film
or a book.
• Equilibrium- you have the normal life of the boy who has to look
after sheep, with the villagers ready to step in at the sight of the
wolf. Everything is normal and nothing is strange.
• Then there is the Disequilibrium, firstly when the boy starts messing
around and crying wolf. It disrupts the pace of the story and causes
distress for the villagers. Then the wolf appears and changes things
even more.
• Then this is where everything goes wrong, the New Equilibrium-
quite simply it doesn’t have one. Things should return to normal
but with my story you are left with the boy ashamed the wolf gone
and the sheep missing.

11. Binary Opposites
• Binary opposites is when two opposing sides
come together to create something new.
Things like Good vs. Evil, Man vs. Woman,
Young vs. Old. I believe the binary opposites in
my story is children vs. adults, in the sense
that despite being told not to, the boy doesn’t
listen to the adults and this creates a series of
events that end with the sheep all being lost
and all the villagers not coming to help and
the wolf nowhere to be seen.

12. Narrative Structure
• Linear: linear is when the storyline goes in chronological order right from
the beginning to the end. This is how my book is set up and how most
children's books are done because in not then the children might not be
able to comprehend the time lapses.
• Non-linear: non linear narratives do not go in straight lines from beginning
to end, these could involve flashbacks, flash-forwards, 1st person books
with the main character having memory loss. Pulp Fiction was nonlinear,
with scenes going back in time a great deal.
• Open: these narratives don’t have a real end, or a conclusion, they can go
on forever and still not end. Such example are of soap operas like
coronation street where something is always happening and it could go on
forever.
• Closed: I believe this to be the narrative of my book as it comes to an
ending point and nothing really happens afterward. Because while closed
narratives reach a conclusion, and in the end my character does learn the
lesson which is the whole point of this particular story.

13. Narrative Structure
• Single strand: a single strand book only ever has one storyline. This
is like my book and most other children's books as like non-linear
structures, they are hard for children to fully grasp and understand.
• Multiple-strand: these story's could have many different storylines
and things going on in them, this is reflected in things such as soap
operas like east enders that have separate situations going on to
different people at the same or different times.
• Realist: realist narratives are things that could possibly happen now
in real life that is plausible. My story is very plausible by todays
standards and in the past.
• Anti-realist: the complete opposite of realist, anything that is not
plausible to happen in nowadays. These involve things like Star
Wars, it is very implausible, and it was clearly made up.