This document discusses disaster nursing and classifies different types of disasters. It defines a disaster as an event that causes damage, destruction, loss of life, and deterioration of health services beyond the normal capacity of the affected community. Disasters are classified as natural (e.g. floods, earthquakes), man-made (e.g. fires, wars), technological (e.g. industrial accidents), or complex emergencies. The document outlines the phases of a disaster from pre-impact planning to post-impact recovery. It discusses challenges for nursing in disasters and the importance of preparation, training, and an all-hazards approach to planning.

1. DISASTER
NURSING

3. Disaster is defined as any occurrence that
causes damage, economic destruction, loss
of human life, and deterioration in health
and health services on a scale sufficient to
warrant an extraordinary response from
outside the affected community or area.
-WHO

4. Ecologic disruption or emergencies
resulting in death ,injuries, illness or
property management that cannot be
effectively managed by the application of
routine procedures

5. How can we classify??
NATURAL
MAN MADE
DISASTER TECHNOLOGIC
COMPLEX
EXTERNAL
INTERNAL

6. NATURAL
 MAJOR
 Flood
 Cyclone
 Drought
 Earthquake
 Volcano
 Hurricane
MINOR
 Cold wave
 Thunderstorm
 Heat waves
 Mudslides
 Storm

7. MAN MADE..
 MAJOR
 Setting of fires
 Epidemic
 Deforestation
 Wars
 Biochemical
terrorism
 Radiological
 MINOR
 Accidents
 Food poisoning
 Industrial disaster
 Environmental
pollution

8. ₰Disaster as a result of war ,draught,
diseases, and political unrest
resulting displacement of million s of
people from their homes

9. ₰Community infrastructure and economic
welfare are directly and adversely affected
by major industrial accidents, unplanned
release of nuclear energy, fires or explosion
from hazardous substance

10. ₰Do not affect the hospital infrastructure but
do tax hospital resources due to number of
patients or type of injuries

11. ₰Cause disruption of normal hospital
function due to injuries or death of
hospital person or damage to physical
plant as with a hospital fire power failure
or chemical spill.

12. ₰Nature of the event
₰Time of the year or day
₰Health and age characteristics of population
effected
₰Availability of the resources

13. Pre impact
Impact
Post
impact

14. PLANNING
PREVENTION

15. Response
Emergency
management
mitigation

16. recovery
rehabilita
tion
reconstr
uction
evaluation

17. ₰Earthquake and tornadoes: rapid onset &
sudden impact on the community
₰Hurricane & volcanic eruption: sudden
impact on the community but there is some
advance warning
₰Bioterrorism : sudden and unanticipated ,
sudden and prolonged impact on the
community
₰Drought & famine: gradual onset or chronic
genesis (so called “creeping "disaster) and
prolonged impact

19. ₰Proactive planning efforts designed to structure
the disaster response prior to its occurrence
₰Communication plans
₰Multiagency coordination
₰Emergency services- emergency shelters with
evacuation plans
₰Supplies and equipments

20. ₰Measures taken to remove the harmful
effect of disaster
₰Prevention measures
₰Require significant amount of
forethought, planning and implementation

21. ₰Emergency relief such as saving lives,
providing first aid, minimizing and restoring
damaged systems such as communications and
transportation , providing care and basic life
requirement to victim
₰Organized its activities in sectors- fire, police
hazardous material management and
emergency medical services

22. ₰Stabilizing and returning the community
to normal
₰Rebuilding, repair, relocate, rehabilitate,
reconstruct

23. ₰Phase that receive least attention
₰To determine the specific problems, issues and
challenges
₰Future disaster plan is based on the evaluation

24. ₰Effective planning addresses the
problem caused by a variety of
potential events
Agent specific all hazard

25. Challenges…
₰ Communication problem
₰ Triage, transportation & evacuation
₰ Leadership issues
₰ Distribution of resources
₰ Coordination of search & rescue efforts
₰ Media issues
₰ Distribution of patients in an equitable
fashion
₰ destruction of health care infrastructure
₰ Management of volunteers, donations
&large no. of resources

26. ₰Keep a small disaster supplies kit in the trunk of
each car
₰Keep items in airtight plastic bag
₰Replace stored food ,water & batteries every six
months
₰Keep emergency medications

27. ₰Disaster supplies kit
₰Evacuation supplies kit
₰First aid kit

28. ₰Will, insurance policies, contracts
₰Passports, social security cards, immunization
records
₰Credit cards, account numbers
₰Important phone numbers
₰Family records

29. media
Informative
Pre & post
disaster
During
Analytical

30. ₰Anticipating the events and planning
accordingly.
₰Hazmat

31. ₰State of being vulnerable- open to attack, hurt or
injury
₰Analysis should be conducted for each hazards
and regularly updated

32. ₰Use the element of hazard analysis and
vulnerability analysis
₰Necessitate cooperation of corporate and
community group

33. ₰Prevention or removal of hazards
₰Removal of at risk population
₰Provision of public information and education
₰Establishment of early warning system
₰Mitigation of vulnerabilities
₰Risk reduction
₰Enhancing community to respond

34. ₰Theoretical foundations for disaster
planning
₰As effective as the assumption upon
which is based
₰Must go beyond routine
₰Need assessment
₰Leadership
₰Design for local response
₰Vulnerable population
₰Assistance

35. ₰Training & educational assistance
₰Conduct of damage assessment

37. ₰Placing the right patient in the right place at the
right time to receive right level of care
₰Doing the greatest good for the greatest number

38. ₰Clinically experienced
₰Good judgment and leadership
₰Calm and cool under stress
₰Decisive
₰Knowledgeable of available resources
₰Sense of humor
₰Creative problem solver
₰Available
₰Experienced and knowledgeable regarding
anticipated casualties

39. ₰Never move a casualty backward
₰Never hold a critical patient for further care
₰ triage providers do not stop to treat patient
₰Never move patient before triage

40. ₰Threat to one’s life
₰Inflection of physical injury
₰Exposure to the dead and mutilated
₰Witnessing unexpected or violent death
₰Learning of the unexpected and violent death of
the loved one
₰Knowledge that infliction of pain and suffering
was deliberate

42. ₰Review of all hazardous topics including
natural and accidental man made events
,chemical, traumatic, explosive and
nuclear events
₰Role in public health, incident
management system & special needs

43. ₰D : detect
₰I : incident command
₰S : scene security and safety
₰A: assess hazards
₰S: support
₰T: triage and treatment
₰E: evaluation

44. ₰Performed by the BDLS provider
₰Demonstrate competencies in casualty decontamination,
specified essential skills and MCI information system
₰4 skills
₰MASS triage
₰Personal protective equipment and
decontamination
₰Disaster skills
₰Human patient simulator

46. ₰Mortality
₰Injury
₰Infectious diseases
₰Chronic diseases
₰Malnutrition
₰Health risk and chemical contamination

47. HEROIC HONEY MOON
DISILLUSIONMENT RECONSTRUCTION
IMPACT

48. ₰Be honest and developmentally appropriate
explanation should be given
₰Encourage expression of feelings
₰Reassure children
₰Encourage daily activities

49. ₰A mass casualty incident is an unexpected event
which stretches the resource of emergency
department and this requires the consolidated
assistance of the hospital and its support system

51. VARIFICATION
SENIOR DUTY MEDICAL OFFICER/ DUTY NURSE
INFORMATION ABOUT DISASTER
TRAUMA COORDINATOR
ACTIVATION
TRAUMA TEAM
TRAUME NURSE COORDINATOR
ACTIVATION
PRIMARY SECONDARY

52. ₰An exercise in which people stimulate the
circumstances of a disaster so that they have an
opportunity to practice their response
₰Self protection & evacuation

53. ₰Leadership
₰Identify the roles and functions
₰Policy development
₰Government organizations
₰Public health
₰Health promotion
₰Disease prevention
₰Quality care
₰Evidence based practice
₰Education
₰Critical thinking
₰Collaboration

54. ₰IN NURSING EDUCATION
development and validation of core competencies
provision of continuous education program and material
for practicing nurses
inclusion of content and clinical experience in nursing
curriculum
development of teaching resources and material
IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
related to mass casualty incidence
preparedness , response and recovery

55. ₰Focused on poorer countries
₰According to the culture-
₰Communication and transport difficulties
₰Knowledge and skill

56. ₰Apex body for disaster management in India
EVOLUTION OF NDMA:
₰High powered committee in 1999
₰Nation committee in 2001 after Gujarat earth
quake
₰Tenth five year plan- attached a chapter on
disaster management
₰12th finance commission- financial
arrangement
₰Creation of NDMA on 23rd December 2005.

57. ₰Lay down policies on disaster management
₰Approve national plan
₰Approves plan prepared by ministers or departments
₰Coordinate the implementation
₰Recommend provision of funds
₰Provide support to other countries

58. ₰Multidisciplinary , multiskilled high-tech force of NDMA
capable of dealing with all types of natural and man made
disasters.
₰Specialized response to natural and manmade disaster.
₰Total 8 battalion and has 45 personnel including
engineer, technicians, medical and paramedical and dog
squads.

59. Thank you…