Disaster nursing involves adapting professional nursing skills to meet physical, emotional, and nursing needs resulting from disasters. The goals are to achieve the best possible health levels for affected communities and meet basic survival needs. Disaster nursing requires assessing risks and resources, correcting unequal access to care, and promoting quality of life for survivors. Effective disaster nursing requires planning, organizing resources, training, conducting exercises to evaluate response, and continually improving processes.

1. DISASTER NURSING
SUBMITTED TO;
PROF.DR.JOHN SAM ARUN PRABHU, MSC (N),PH.D
HOD OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING,
CSI, JACON.
SUBMITTED BY;
MS.LOGESWARI.M
M.SC(N) I YR
CSI JACON.

2.  We often first hear about a natural disaster through a story of
Noah and flood in the book of genesis.
 Disasters are sudden catastrophic events that disrupt Pattern
of life and in which there is possible loss of life and property
and addition to multiple injuries.
 The disaster events results in number of deaths, injuries
amongst community wide spread destruction of property,
economic loses etc.

3.  ‘THE AMERICAN RED CROSS’ defines a disaster as ‘an
occurrence, either natural or man - made that causes human
suffering and creates human that victim’s cannot alleviate
without assistance.
 ‘WHO’ defines disaster ‘any occurrence that causes damage
ecological disruption loss of human life, deterioration of
health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an
extraordinatory response from outside the affected
community or area.

4.  It can be defined as the adaptation of professional nursing
skills in recognizing and meeting the nursing, physical and
emotions needs resulting from a disaster.
 The overall goal of disaster nursing is to achieve the best
possible level of health for the people and the community
involved in the disaster.

5.  To meet the immediate basic survival needs of populations
affected by disasters.
 To identify the potential for a secondary disaster.
 To appraise both risks and resources in the environment
 To correct inequalities in access to health care or appropriate
resources.
 To promote the highest achievable quality of life for
survivors.

6.  Natural disaster;
Natural disaster can be defined as a serious disruption of the
functioning of a society, causing wide spread human, material or
environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected
society to cope using its own resources.
 Manmade disaster;
Manmade disaster can be defined as ‘an act of individuals that
causes deviation and destruction ,such as war, terrorist bombings or
riots.

7. Two types of disaster;
Natural disasters (caused by natural phenomenon);
 Meteorological
 Topographical
 Telluric and Teutonic disaster
 Biological disaster
Manmade disasters;
 Civil disturbances
 Warfare
 Non conventional warfare
 Refugees
 Accidents
 Technological failures

8. Host factors;
 Age
 Immunization
 Degree of mobility
 Emotional stability
Environmental factors;
 Physical factors
 Chemical factors
 Biological factors
 Social factor
 Psychological factors

9.  Earthquakes
 Flood
 Tropical cyclone
 Drought
 Land slides
 Forest fires and lightening
 Fires
 Explosion
 Transport accidents; automobile accidents
 Thermo nuclear disaster
 Avalanche
 Epidemics

10. DISASTER PROCESS;
EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
MITIGATION
RECOVERY
PREPAREDNE
SS
RESPONSE

11.  These are steps that are taken to lesson the impact of a
disaster should one occur and can be considered as prevention
and risk reduction measures.
 Example of mitigation activities include installing and
maintaining backup generator power to mitigate the effects of
a power failure or cross training staff to perform other tasks to
maintain services during a staffing crisis that is due to a
weather emergency.

12.  Once the incident is over, the organization and staff needs to
recover,invariably,services have been disrupted and it takes
time to return to routines.
 Activities undertaken by a community and its components
after an emergency or disaster to restore minimum services
and move towards long-term restoration.
 Debris removal
 Care and shelter
 Damage assessment.

13.  Evaluate the facility’s vulnerabilities or propensity
for disaster. Issues to consider include; weather
patters, geographical location; expectations related to
public events and gatherings; age,conditions,and
location of the facility; and industries in close
proximity to the hospital (eg; nuclear power plant or
chemical factory).

14.  The response phase is the actual implementation of
the disaster plan, response activities need to be
continually monitored and adjusted to the changing
situation.
 A hospital,heathcare system, or public health agency
take immediately during, after a disaster or
emergency occurs.

15.  Predictability; some events are easily predicted.ex;for
predictable disasters are weather related disaster like
tornadoes, floods, hurricanes etc.
 Frequency ; the natural disaster appear more often in certain
geographical locations.eg; California residents are at greater
risk for earthquakes.

16.  some situations allow for pre-warning and control
measures. that can reduce the impact of disaster eg;
in case of flood redirecting the water etc.

17.  There are several characteristics of time which related to the
impact of disaster. the speed of outlet disaster time available
for warning the population, actual length of time of the
impact phases ect.

18.  A disaster may be concentrated on very small area or
large, affecting many peoples. disaster can be very
intensive and distractive causing many injuries,
death, property damage.

19.  It can be defined as effective organization direction
and utilization of available counter disaster
resources.
 Personnel
 Communication
 The physical plant
 Supplies and equipment
 Supervision
 Transportation

21.  Prevent the occurrence of disaster whenever possible.
 Minimize the number of casualties if the disaster cannot
be prevented
 Prevent further casualties from occurring after the initial
impact of the disaster.
 Rescue the victims
 Provide first aid to the injured
 Provide definitive medical care
 Evacuate the injured to medical facilities
 Promote re-construction of live.

22.  In the event of the disaster situation, the emergency operation
centre(EOC) becomes operational.
 Each community determines the local and personnel involved
in their EOC.
 These personnel will be involved in treating people at the
scene of the disaster as well as at other designated locations,
including local hospitals.

23.  DEFINITION;
 Triage is the process of prioritising patient treatment during
mass casualty events (ALTS).
 Patients are classified according to the type and urgency of
their conditions to get the
 right patient to the,
 right place at the,
 right time with the,
 right care provider

24.  To ensure that patients are treated in the order of their clinical
urgency
 To ensure that treatment is appropriately and timely
 To provide ongoing assessment of patients.
 To provide information to patients and families regarding
services expected care and waiting times.
 To contribute information that helps to define department
acuity.
 To allocate the patients to the most appropriate assessment
and treatment area(Avoid congestion).

25. BLACK
(DYING OR
DEAD)
1.At the
disaster site or
primary triage
point simple
support
measures can
alleviate the
psychological
trauma
experienced
by survivors.
I ‘PRIORITY’
RED
(IMMEDIATE
CARE);
1.Respiratory
insufficiency
2.Cardiac
arrest
3.Hemorrage
4.Several
abdominal
injury.
II PRIORITY
YELLOW
(URGENT
NOT
IMMEDIATE);
1.Immobilized
closed
fracture
2.Soft tissue
injury without
haemorrhage
3.Burns less
than 40% of
the body
III PRIORITY
GREEN
(MINOR
CARE)
1.Minor
tissue injuries
2.They can
be treated by
non-
professional
and held for
observation if
necessary.
URGENT
YE
S NO

26.  Keeping families together, especially children with Parents.
Assigning a companion to frightened or injured victims or
placing victims in group when they can help each other
 Giving survivor’s tasks to keep them busy and reduce trauma
to their self esteem.
 Provide adequate shelter food and rest
 Establishing and maintaining a communication network to
reduce rumors.
 Encouraging individuals to share their feelings and support
each other
 Isolating victims who demonstrate hysterical or panic
behaviour.

27.  Wheelchairs Pens
 stretchers Adhesive tape
 backboards Oral airway
 iv poles Scissors
 splits, bandages Blanket
 emesis basins Stethoscope
 disaster tags Emergency trolley
equipments

28.  AIMS AND DISASTER PLAN;
 To provide promote and effective medical care to the
maximum possible in order to minimize morbidity and
mortality
 OBJECTIVES;
 To optimally prepare the staff and institutional resources for
effective performance in disaster situation.
 To make the community aware of the sequential steps that
could be taken at individual and organizational levels.

29. PERSONAL PREPAREDNESS;
 3 way water supply
 One change of clothing and footwear per person
and one blanket per person.
 A first aid kit
 Emergency tools
 Candles and matches
 Sanitation supply
 Special items for infant elderly or and disabled
 An extra pair of eyeglasses

30.  Copy of professional license
 Personal equipment such as stethoscope
 Flash light and extra batteries
 Cash
 warm clothing and a heavy jacket for weather appropriate
clothing.
 Record keeping materials
 Pocket sized references books

31.  Education
 First aid program
 Making each home to store
 Emergency telephone numbers
 Battery operated ratio
 Flash light
 First aid kit
 Three day supply of water
 Medical information and family physician detail
 Persons to be notified in emergency

32. 1.Hazard, risk and vulnerability assessment
2.Response mechanisms and strategies
3.Preparedness plans
4.Coordination
5.Information management
6.early warning systems
7.Resource mobilisation
8.Public education training, rehearsals
9.Community based disaster preparedness.

33. PREPAREDNESS
CYCLE
PLAN
ORGANIZE
AND
EQUIPMENT
EVALUATE
AND
IMPROVE
EXERCISE
TRAINING

34.  PLAN;
The planning elements identify what an organizations standard
operating procedures or emergency operations plans should include
for ensuring that contingencies are in place for delivering the
capability during a large scale disaster.
ORGANIZE AND EQUIPMENT;
1.RESOURSE AND PROGRAM;
 System assessment and validation for emergency responders
program
 citizen corps partners and programs
 community emergency response team program
 emergency management assistance compact

35.  TRAINING;
 National training and education division
 FEMA training organizations
 National fire academy
 FEMA Independent study program
 Integrated emergency management course
 Emergency management learning resource center
 FEMA online training
 National earthquake hazards reduction program
 Upcoming exercises
 Continuity of operations

36.  EXERCISE;
 National exercise program
 The national exercise and simulation center
 Chemical stockpile emergency preparedness program
(CSEPP)

37.  EVALUATE AND IMPROVE;
 Lessons learned /continuous improvement program (LL/CIP)
 FEMA’s Language access plan

38. GOALS;
‘Balance the rights of individuals with the needs of society
CHALLENGE;
‘No uniform belief about where the balance should be set
1.INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY;
 Due process protections
2.Constitutional property rights;
 Protects against unreasonable Search and seizure
 Just compensation
3.Protect community from disease
 Quarantine, isolation laws
4.Community safety
 Seizure of private property posing a danger
 Use of property

39.  Importance of good quality healthy environment
 Healthy environment
 Education,training,and awareness raising
 Participation-public input at national and local level
 Freedom of expression
 Access to justice
 Disaster prevention at the workplace
 Disaster prevention in recreation and tourist areas
 Disaster preventions in public places – schools and hospitals
 Special prevention measures for the most vulnerable groups
 Organization of and participation in emergency drills
 Preventive evacuation of populations

40.  Arranging with the volunteer medical consultant for
initial and daily health checks based on the health needs
of shelter residents.
 Establishing nursing priority and planning for health
care supervision.
 Planning for appropriate transfer of patients to
community health care facilities as necessary.
 Evaluating health care needs
 Arranging the secure storage of supplies equipment
records and medications and periodically checking to
see whether material goods must be ordered

41.  Requesting and assigning volunteer staff to appropriate duties
and providing on the job training and supervision
 Consultation with the food supervisor regarding the
preparation and distribution of special diets including infant
formulas
 Planning and recommending adequate staff and facilities
when local health department initiate an immunization
program for shelter residents.
 Establishing lines of communications with the health service
officer
 Arranging with the mass care supervisor for the purchases
and replacement of essential prescription for persons in the
shelter.

42.  Risk reduction, disease prevention, and health promotion
 Policy development and planning
 Ethical practice and legal practice and accountability
 Communication and information sharing
 Education and preparedness
 Care of communities, individual and families
 Psychological care
 Care of vulnerable population
 Long term care needs

43.  Disaster management depends up on all personnel
performance right task at right time.
 Community health nurses provide encouragement , care and
support to community members during a disaster and are
equally qualified to meet the challenges of disaster nursing.

44. THANK YOU