The document defines a disaster as an event that causes damage, ecological disruptions, loss of life, and deterioration of health services beyond the ability of the affected community to respond without outside assistance. It also defines a disaster as an event that causes human suffering and needs that victims cannot meet without aid. The document discusses different types of disasters, factors affecting their severity, and the four phases of disaster management: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.

1. Presented by- P.K. PANWAR
WEB- www.pkpanwarauthor.com

2. “Any occurrence that causes damage,
ecological disruptions, loss of human
life and deterioration of health and
health services, on a scale sufficient to
warrant an extraordinary response
from outside the affected community.”
( WHO)

3. Defines a disaster as “an
occurrence, either natural or
manmade that causes human
suffering and creates human
needs that victims cannot alleviate
without assistance
( ACCORDING TOAMERICANREDCROSS)

4.  Emergency Nursing – (usually)
involves the provision of nursing
care for patient or patients with
acute injuries or life threatening
illnesses. (Usually) care is
provided at ED, Urgent care,
Trauma unit and/or ICU/CCU

5.  Disaster Nursing – involves
response to (and preparedness
for) natural or man-made events
that affect an entire community or
communities. (Usually) involve
massive numbers of casualties
and extensive property damage.

6.  D- DESTRUCTION
 I- INCIDENTS
 S- SUFFERINGS
 A- ADMINISTRATIVE, FINANCIAL FAILURES
 S- SENTIMENTS
 T- TRAGIDIES
 E- ERRUPTION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
 R-RESEACH PROGRAMME AND ITS
IMPLEMENTATION

7. NATURAL
 Earthquakes
 Volcanic eruption
 Landslides
 Windstorms
 Tornadoes
 Hailstorms
 Floods

8. MAN-MADE DISASTER
 Conventional warfare
 Nuclear , chemical war
 Terrorist acts
 Drowning
 Explosions
 Air pollutions
 Fires
 Gas leak

9. HYBRID
 Spread of disease in community
 Global warming
TYPES OF DISASTER BASED ON LOCATION
OF IMPACT
 Land related disaster
 Hydrological, Costal disaster
 Space disasters
 Technological disaster
 Industrial disaster

10.  VULNERABILITY OF POPULATION.
 WARNING TIME.
 POVERTY.
 POPULATION GROWTH.
FACTORS AFFECTING SCOPE AND
SEVERITY OF DISASTER

11.  RAPID URBANIZATION.
 TRANSITION IN CULTURAL PRACTICES.
 ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION.
 LACK OF AWARENESS.
 WAR AND CIVIL LIFE.

12.  Mitigation:
◦ Lessen the impact of a disaster before it strikes
 Preparedness:
◦ Activities undertaken to handle a disaster when it
strikes
 Response:
◦ Search and rescue, clearing debris, and feeding and
sheltering victims (and responders if necessary).
 Recovery:
◦ Getting a community back to its pre-disaster status

13.  Activities that reduce or eliminate a hazard
◦ Prevention
◦ Risk reduction
 Examples
◦ Immunization programs
◦ Public education

14.  Activities that are taken to build capacity and
identify resources that may be used
◦ Know evacuation shelters
◦ Emergency communication plan
◦ Preventive measures to prevent spread of disease
◦ Public Education

15.  Activities a hospital, healthcare system, or
public health agency take immediately before,
during, and after a disaster or emergency
occurs

16.  Activities undertaken by a community and its
components after an emergency or disaster
to restore minimum services and move
towards long-term restoration.
◦ Debris Removal
◦ Care and Shelter
◦ Damage Assessments
◦ Funding Assistance

17.  French verb “trier” means to
sort
 Assigns priorities when
resources limited
 Do the best for the greatest
number of patients

18.  Inadequate resource to meet immediate
needs
 Infrastructure limitations
 Inadequate hazard preparation
 Limited transport capabilities
 Multiple agencies responding
 Hospital Resources Overwhelmed

19.  Helps to bring order and organization to
a chaotic scene.
 It identifies and provides care to those
who are in greatest need
 Helps make the difficult decisions easier
 Assure that resources are used in the
most effective manner
 May take some of the emotional burden
away from those doing triage

20.  Every patient should be received and triaged
by appropriate skilled health care
professionals.
 Triage is a clinical managerial decision and
must involve collaborative planning.
 The triage process should not cause a delay
in the delivery of effective clinical care.

21.  Ensure immediate medical intervention in life
threatening situation.
 Expedite the care of patients through a
systemic initial assessment.
 Ensure that patients are prioritised for
treatment in accordance with the severity of
their medical condition.

22.  Reduce morbidity through early medical
intervention.
 Improve public relations by communicating
appropriate information to friends and relatives
Who accompany patients.
 Improve patients flow within emergency
departments and disaster management situation.
 Provide supervised learning for appropriate
personnel.

23.  Fitzgerald developed a scale for the triage –
ipswich scale

24. TIME COLOUR AND
TAG
NUMERIC CODE CATEGORY
SECONDS RED 1 RESUSCITATI
ON
MINUTE YELLOW 2 EMERGENCY
AN HOUR GREEN 3 URGENT
HOURS BLUE 4 SEMI-
URGENT
DAY WHITE 5 NON-URGENT
_ BLACK 6 DEAD

25.  LOSS OF LIFE
 SEVERE PHYSICAL INJURIES
 PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA
 PROPERTY DAMAGE

26.  ENVIRONMENTAL DESTRUCTION
 ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS LOSS
 CLIMATIC EXPOSURES
 EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE
 FOOD AND NUTRITION- SCARCITY

27.  PROBLEMS IN LARGE SCALE DISTRIBUTON
 MENTAL HEALTH- ACUTE MENTAL ILLNESS
 ANXIETY, NEUROSIS , DEPRESSION
 COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

28.  DIARRHEA DISEASES, MEASLES, MALARIA,T.B,
SCABIES, RESPIRATORY COMPLAINTS ETC.
 SOCIAL REACTION- FOR OBVIOUS REASONS
 DAMAGE TO HEALTH INFRASTRUCURE
 DIRECT CONSEQUENCE OF DISASTER


30. it is the discipline that deals with and avoid
risks and impact of a disaster.
 Involves in preparing for disaster before it
happens.
 Responds immediately to the outcome prior
to and following a disaster.
 Deals with the process of supporting and
rebuilding society after a disaster.
 Is an emergency management system which
is a continuous process involving individuals,
groups and community to manage hazards

31.  To ensure that appropriate systems,
procedures and resources are in place to
provide prompt, effective assistance to
disaster victims, thus facilitating relief
measures and rehabilitation services.
 reduce the impact of the life of the
individuals and health in addition to
emergency services and to participate in
the disaster team efforts to reduce the
loss of life, damage to property, social and
economic disruption and to initiation of
psycho-social rehabilitation.

32. • Prevent the disaster
• Minimize casualties
• Prevent further casualties
• Rescue the victims
• First aid
• Evacuate
• Medical care
• Reconstruction

33. Disaster preparedness, including risk
assessment and multi-disciplinary
management strategies at all system levels,
is critical to the delivery of effective
responses to the short, medium, and long-
term health needs of a disaster-stricken
population.
International Council of Nurses
(2006)

34.  Determine magnitude of the event
 Define health needs of the affected groups
 Establish priorities and objectives
 Identify actual and potential public health
problems
 Determine resources needed to respond to the
needs identified
 Collaborate with other professional disciplines,
governmental and non-governmental agencies
 Maintain a unified chain of command
 Communication