This document discusses different types of natural and man-made disasters. It defines a disaster as a sudden misfortune that damages infrastructure and impairs functions. Disasters can be caused by natural hazards like earthquakes, floods and hurricanes, or by human-related incidents like fires, explosions and transportation accidents. The document then outlines various types of natural disasters including earthquakes, cyclones, floods, volcanic eruptions, wildfires, landslides, droughts and famines. It also discusses man-made disasters such as chemical spills, industrial accidents, terrorism, wars, epidemics and radiation exposure.
The slide includes 1.Introduction to Disaster, 2.Disaster Impact and Response, 3.Relief Phase of Disaster, 4.Disaster Mitigation, 5.Disaster Preparedness 6.Personal Protection in different types of Disaster, 7.Man-made Disasters, 8. Policies concerned with disaster management 9.Worst Disasters in India 10. Organizations concerned with disaster management.
A total of 130+ slides will give a detailed idea of the disaster and its management.
The slide includes 1.Introduction to Disaster, 2.Disaster Impact and Response, 3.Relief Phase of Disaster, 4.Disaster Mitigation, 5.Disaster Preparedness 6.Personal Protection in different types of Disaster, 7.Man-made Disasters, 8. Policies concerned with disaster management 9.Worst Disasters in India 10. Organizations concerned with disaster management.
A total of 130+ slides will give a detailed idea of the disaster and its management.
Everything you need to know about a disaster and their management. The slides start with an introduction of disaster their types, effects, and preventions to the initiatives taken by the government to manage reliefs and readiness.
Man made disasters are hazards caused by human action or inaction. They are contrasted with natural hazards. Man made disasters may adversely affect humans, other organisms and ecosystems. The frequency and severity of hazards are key elements in some risk analysis methodologies.
Everything you need to know about a disaster and their management. The slides start with an introduction of disaster their types, effects, and preventions to the initiatives taken by the government to manage reliefs and readiness.
Everything you need to know about a disaster and their management. The slides start with an introduction of disaster their types, effects, and preventions to the initiatives taken by the government to manage reliefs and readiness.
Man made disasters are hazards caused by human action or inaction. They are contrasted with natural hazards. Man made disasters may adversely affect humans, other organisms and ecosystems. The frequency and severity of hazards are key elements in some risk analysis methodologies.
Everything you need to know about a disaster and their management. The slides start with an introduction of disaster their types, effects, and preventions to the initiatives taken by the government to manage reliefs and readiness.
This detailed presentation is for you who want a broader understanding of natural hazards. If you have to present a similar topic, you can easily use this presentation, as it also contains illustrative and scientific models, which make the content of the presentation more student-friendly. Feel free to comment on the content and possibly write some good ideas on how the content can be improved. Have a nice day:)
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
Disaster management slide show
1.
2. Disaster caused by nature`s fury is not
uncommon in this planet, earth. In fact, scientist
believe that the birth of this planet Earth was the
result of explosion that occurred in the solar
system. From the immemorial, this planet had
witnessed numerous natural disasters. In the
past, man used to view these natural disasters as
the “acts of god”. Gradually science opened the
doors of knowledge and enabled man to
understand the mysterious occurrence of natural
disaster.
3. A disaster is a sudden or great misfortune
whereby hospital and/or community facilities are
damaged and functions are impaired. Disaster
may be caused by fire, weather/climate (e. g,.
Earthquake, hurricane, tornado), explosion,
terrorist activity, radiation or chemical spills and
epidemics. Disaster also can be a result of
human error, which includes motor vehicle
crashes, plane crashes, collapsed buildings, or
similar occurrences. Disaster effect both the
young and old.
4. D : Destruction
I : Incidents
S : Sufferings
A : Administrative failure
S : Sentiments
T : Tragedies
E : Eruption of communicable diseases
R : Research program and its implementation
6. This include technical disasters like dam failure,
nuclear accidents, hazardous waste accidents, oil
spills and leakages, industrial accidents and due to
fire, social disasters like mass-migration, riots etc.
Minor disasters involving approximately 25 victims
Moderate disasters involving approximately 100
victims
Major disasters involving more than 100 victims
Catastrophic disaster when number of injured
patients reaches up to 1000 or more
7. Water and climate related disaster
Floods
Tornadoes
Cloud burst
Snow avalanches
Sea erosion
Tsunami(Added).
8. Landslides and mudflows
Dam failures/ dam burst.
Chemical and industrial disaster
Nuclear disaster
9. Forest fires
Mine flooding
Major building collapse
Festival-related disaster
Air, road and rail accidents
Village fire
12. Earthquake:
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or
temblor) is the result of a sudden release of
energy in the Earth`s crust that creates seismic
waves. Earthquakes are recorded with a
seismometer, also known as a seismograph. The
moment magnitude (or the related and mostly
imperceptible and magnitude 7 causing serious
damage over large areas. Intensity of shaking is
measured on the modified Mercalli scale.
13.
14. Most injuries are sustained during
impart and, thus, there is the
greatest need for emergency care
occurring in few hours, when
quality and severity of injuries is
overwhelmed, wealth facilities at
different levels must be adopted.
15. Before entering a buildings: Observe
the construction of the buildings and
be careful for possible hazards, which
may occur from weak structure.
When entering a damaged buildings:
Use a helmet, work in pairs, listen for
the possible sounds and keep calling.
16. While moving inside a damaged
building: Do not ignite fire, keep
close to walls and do not pull
anything protecting out from the
collapsed structures.
People affected need
psychological support as they
have lost their near and dear ones
and property also.
17. Cyclone is an area of closed, circular fluid
motion rotation in the same direction as the
earth. This is usually characterized by inward
spiralling winds that rotate counter-clockwise in
the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the
Southern Hemisphere of the Earth. Most large-
scale cyclonic circulations are centered on the
areas of low atmospheric pressure . The largest
–pressure systems are cold-core polar cyclones
and extratropical cyclones which lie on the
synoptic scale
18. Warm core cyclones such as tropical
cyclones, mesocyclones, and polar lows lie
within the smaller mesoscale. Subtropical
cyclones are of intermediate size. Upper level
cyclones can exist without the presence of a
low surface, and can pinch off from the base
of the tropical upper tropospheric trough
during the summer months in the northern
hemisphere. Cyclones have also been seen
on other planets outside of the Earth, such as
Mars and Neptune.
19.
20. Warning should be given through
proper media.
Research should be sent to safe areas.
Proper treatment must be done or
injuries.
21. Water is a forms of all life forms. Without water, no
life is sustainable. But when water is in the form of
floods, it takes away thousands of human and cattle
life. Bangladesh is a riverine country, where recurrent
flooding is both common and necessary. Every year
large areas are submitted during the monsoon season
and fertilized by deposit of fresh aluminium. The soil
is deposited by moving water. However, if water
remains stagnant for too long, these beneficial floods
become a major disaster. Most vulnerable things
which are affected due to floods are homes, buildings,
and huts made from biomass materials like bamboo
leaves.
22.
23. In floods, fractures, injuries, bruises,
drowning and various infections can occur:
Tinned cans, barrels, tubes, etc. Must be
used for floating to prevent people from
drowning.
Food, shelter and medical care facilities are
provided to the people fro drowning.
24. A volcanic is an opening, or rupture,
in a planet`s surface or crust, which
allows hot magma, ash and gases to
escape from below the surface. The
word `volcano` is derived from the
name of Vulcano island of Silicy,
which, in turn, was named after
Vulcan, the Roman god of fire.
25.
26. A wildfire is any uncontrolled fire that occurs in the
countryside or a wilderness area. Other names such
as brush fire, bushfire, forest fire, grass fire, hill fire,
peat fire, vegetation fire, and wildland fire may be
used to describe the same phenomenon depending
on the type of vegetation being burned. A wildfire
differs from other fires by its extensive size, the
speed at which it can spread out from its original
source, and its ability to change direction
unexpectedly and to jump gasp, such as roads, rivers
and fire breaks. Wildfires are characterized in terms
of the cause of ignition, their physical properties such
as speed of propagation, the combustible material
present, and the effect of weather on the fire
27.
28. These include wide range of ground movements
such as risk falls, deep failure of slopes and
shallow debris flows which can occur in
offshores, coastal and onshore environment.
The main causes are ground water pressure
acting to destabilize the slope, loss or absence
of vertical vegetative structure, soil nutrients
and erosion of toe of a slope by river or ocean
waves.
29.
30. Avoid landslide prone area
Rescue team should be sent to
clear the roads
Protect trapped people
31. A drought is an extended period of
months of years when a region notes
deficiency in its water supply.
32.
33. A famine is a wide spread scarcity of
food that may apply to any faunal
species. This phenomenon is usually
accompanied by regional malnutrition,
starvation, epidemic and increased
mortality.
34.
35.
36. Chemical emergency occurs when a
hazardous chemical has been released
and the release has potential for
harming people`s health
37.
38. Emission of radiation from radioactive
materials, for example, reactors,
radioactive substances (uranium) and
medical supplies(radium)
39. Bioterrorism is terrorism by international
release or dissemination of biological
agents(bacteria, viruses or toxins); these may
be in a naturally-occurring or in a human-
modified form.
40.
41. A global disease outbreak.
Influenza virus causes various
illnesses.
Spread is from person to person.
42. In all wars, the group experiencing the need to
dominate other groups are unable and unwilling to
accept or permit the possibility of a relationship of
fundamental equality to exist between the groups
who have opted for group violence( war ). The
aspect of domination that is a precipitating factor
in all wars, i. e. One group wishing to dominate
another, is also often a precipitating factor in
individual one-on-one violence outside of the
context of war, i.e. one individual wishing to
dominate another.
43. Terrorism refers to only to those violent acts
which are intended to create fear(terror),are
perpetrated for an ideological goal (as
opposed to a lone attack), and deliberately
target or disregard the safety of non-
combatants. The word terrorism is politically
and emotionally charged and this greatly
compounds the difficulty of providing a
precise definition.
44. By distinguishing terrorists from other types of
criminals and terrorism from other forms of
crime, we come to appreciate that terrorism is:
Ineluctably political in aims and motives
Violent or, equally important, threatens violence.
Designed to have far-reaching psychological
repercussion beyond the immediate victim or
target.
Conducted by an organization with an identifiable
chain of command or conspiratorial cell structure
Perpetrated by a sub national group or non state
entity.
45. Prevention of occurrence of the disaster must
be done to prevent not only the consequences
but also the occurrence of fire, explosion
crashes and sudden chemical and radiation
exposure.
These include tighter regulation of chemical
plants and other hazardous facilities and
insistence that the chemicals plants may be
built away from the densely populated area.
46. Appropriate engineering and
technological measures like building
codes, dam design containment of
toxic materials.
Protection against human errors.
The world has turned towards efforts
to stop arms race and prevent nuclear
war.
47. Falling of buildings
Earthquakes
Floods
Hurricanes
Bomb blasts
Tsunami
Automobile accidents
Epidemic outbreaks of diseases
Draughts, etc.
48. These include:
Bacteria and viruses that produce
contamination or infection after the primary
agent has caused injury or destruction.
For example: A hurricane with rising water
can cause flooding and high winds. These are
primary agents.
The secondary agents would include
damaged buildings and bacteria or viruses
that thrive as a result of the disaster.
51. Weather conditions, the
availability of the food, time when
the disaster occurs, the
availability of the water and the
functioning of utilities such as
electricity and telephone services.
52. Influencing disaster outcome
includes leakage of stored
chemicals into the air, soil,
ground water or food supplies.
53. These are those that occur or increase as a
result of contamination of water, improper
waste disposal, insect or rodent
proliferation, improper food storage or lack
of refrigeration due to interrupted electrical
services.
Bioterrorism: Release of viruses, bacteria or
other agents caused by illness or death.
54. These are those that contribute to the
individual social support systems.
Loss of family members, changes in
roles and the questioning of religious
beliefs are social factors to be
examined after a disaster
55. Psychological factors are closely
related to agents, hosts, and
environmental conditions. The
nature and severity of the disaster
affect the psychological distress
experienced by the victims.
56. Direct:
It is different according to the geographical
area as well as type of disaster, e.g. direct
impact of flood will be different from the
direct impact of earthquake
57. All natural disasters have more or less the
same indirect impact, i.e. loss of life, loss of
shelter, disruption of water and food and
communication, epidemics and psychological
illness.
58.
59. Some disasters give warning of
their approach. In this, certain
precautionary measures are
undertaken to handle the disaster
situation efficiently and
effectively.
60. This is critical decision-making priod
when one`s activity is directed
towards the survival action.
61. When disaster strikes, people may at
first be stunned. Then they begin to
realize the magnitude of the effects of
disaster such as injury, death
destruction etc.
62. During this phase, one tries to find
out what has actually happened to
him. Victim may exhibit fear, anger,
sorrow, depression, anxiety and other
emotions.
63. During this period the victim help
each other to cope and begin to help
with the rescue provide comfort to
others and to re-establish shelter and
other needs.
64. The morale of victim usually picks up
during this period as they work
together with rescue personnel to get
the community back to its feet. This
phases is the longest post disaster
period when reconstruction takes
place.
65. In this phase, the individual regain the
stability that they enjoyed prior to the
disaster. The time required for a
community to reach the state of
equilibrium depends upon the nature
and intensity of disaster and disaster
relief available
66. The eight principles of disaster management
include:
Preventing the occurrence
Minimizing the number of casualties
Preventing further casualties
Rescuing the injured
Providing first-aid
Evacuating the injured
Providing the definitive care
Facilitating reconstruction/recovery
68. These three aspects of disaster management correspond
to different phases in the so-called “disaster cycle” as
shown in below:
Disaster impact
Mitigation
Preparedness
Reconstruction
Rehabilitation
Response
69.
70. Ministries responsible for various categories of disasters
Disaster Nodal ministry
Natural disaster management (
other than drought)
Ministry of home affairs
Drought relief Ministry of agriculture
Air accidents Ministry of civil aviation
Railway accidents Ministry of railways
Chemical disasters Ministry of environment and
forest
Biological Disasters Ministry of health
Nuclear disasters Department of atomic energy
71. The goal of disaster management is the
safety and sustainability of human lives.
Safety is related to avoiding death and
injuries to human lives during a disaster.
Sustainability is related to livelihood,
socioeconomic, cultural, environmental
and psychological aspects.
72. For preparedness of disaster, a prompt,
collective, coordinated relief effort, in
which people and materials are proper
utilized.
It is important to know the resources,
like District collector is responsible for
coordinating all disaster relief efforts. It
is important for community
representatives to seek the assistance
from Collector`s office staff.
73. Coordination with NGO`s and voluntary agencies is
also required
Self help is very important and must be relied upon to
maximum level.
The provider should work along with others at all
stages of disaster. The provider`s role include :
Acting as an advocate for populations who are
particularly vulnerable.
Working as a disseminator of awareness and training,
i,e, Improving disaster preparedness through IEC(
Information, Education and Communication)
Being a frontline responder, should the disaster strike
Rendering first-aid and providing medical aids as a
nurse.
74. Disaster mapping
Help village leaders prepare a disaster
preparedness plan
Help the community organize IEC
effort and train a voluntary village
disaster preparedness term
Help in arranging medical and
emergency supplies
75. The adaptation of professional
nursing knowledge, skills and attitude
in recognized and meeting the
nursing and medical needs of disaster
victims.
76. D - Disseminate information on the prevention
and control of environmental hazards
I - Interpret health laws and regulations
S - Serve your self of self-survival
A - Accept directions and take orders from an
organized authority
S - Serve the best of the MOST
T - Teach the meaning of warning signals
E - Exercise leadership
R - Refer to appropriate agencies
77. DEALING WITH STRESS
ESTABLISHING, AUTHORITY,COMMUNICATION
& TRANSPORTATION
WARNING AND EVACUATING
IMMEDIATE TREATMENT AND SUPPORT
CARE OF BODIES AND NOTIFICATION OF
FAMILIES
78.
79.
80. Triage means is the process of
determining the priority of
patient`s treatment based on
the severity of their ondition
81.
82.
83.
84. A disaster scene is one of the most challenging
environments in which the nurses have to practice.
There are other challenges such as hazardous
environment, miscommunication, lack of medical/
rescue equipment, lack of proper leadership,
inappropriate patient care and improved use of
personnel. These challenges can be met by
establishing the following three goals:
To assure the safety of personnel
To organize an effective disaster system
To deliver appropriate patient care.
85. The emergency department nurse`s incharge is
responsible for the following::
Making sure as many nursing personnel as possible
report for duty
Assigning them to specific areas/rooms
Instructing volunteers and ancillary personnel
Providing breaks or periods of rest for triage nurse and
those working in resuscitation and minor treatment
areas
Communicating the need for additional personnel to
whoever concerned
Periodic checking of supplies
86. The equipment should be sufficient at least for 50
victims and the things should be replaced after use
When information of disaster is received, trolleys
should be arranged at the emergency gate to
receive the patients
Extra servants should be posted at the gate to
transfer the patients to emergency
87. Information should be sent to all concerned
personnel for supply of extra equipment
Extra staff should be posted to emergency from
other areas
Disaster cupboard should be kept open and
needed equipment should be checked
Triage at the entry of the emergency according
to the condition of the patient
88. The disaster preparedness program must be identify
each possible disaster and explain how to recognize
it; when it shall actually becomes a threat; and who is
to do what, when and how.
Members of the team should come from all ranks of
the facility personnel
A team should be formed to handle each and every
disaster that comes up as opposed to a separate team
for each type of disaster. Since most hospital facilities
are open 24 hours a day, three team should be
formed—one team for 8 hours shift
89. Each should have some related knowledge and/or
experience in the various potential emergency
situations
The members of the team would be fully trained to
handle all emergencies and would receive
additional compensation on an hourly basis to be
added to their base wages
Education in emergency procedures, as in basic
safety, should start with the employee`s handbook
Small and yet easily seen paste-on signs giving the
emergency telephone number should be attached
to every telephone
90. To protect life by shelter program
To save life and protect property
To sustain survivals and repair essential activities (
food, water, sanitation, barial housing and
emergency)
To achieve emergency operational capabilities by
assessing damage, providing emergency
treatment, training and education tests and
exercises)
91. Short- term bewilderments in decision, fear
during impact phase
Non ability of a disaster manual
Insufficient medical/ nonmedical staff
Less time foe clerical work
Compliance with the disaster plan
Communication difficulties
Shortage of supplies and equipments
92. Shock and anxiety among staff
Worries about their own family
Mode of arrivals of casualties
Time limitation for documentation and charting
Disruption of normal communication
Influx of staff and unfamiliar situation
Sudden increased demand of supplies and
equipment
Lack of identification of victims
93. Sensitive to the problem
Understanding in nature
Caring
Emotional stability
Supporting
Strictness in responsibilities
Leadership ability
Teamwork efficiency ( technical skill and
judgement skill)