HERE IS AN OUTSTANDING PRESENTATION BY PPT MASTERS ON THE TOPIC DISASTER MANAGEMENT WITH ATTRACTIVE TRANSITIONS AND MORE THAN ENOUGH CONTENT

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Introduction to a Disasters
Causes of Disasters
Effects of Disasters
Types of Disasters
Natural Disasters -Earthquakes ,Flood ,
Lightning ,Storms ,Tornado ,Volcanic Eruptions ,
Tsunami ,Forest Fire ,Drought
Man Made Disasters –Explosions ,Terrorism
Industrial Disasters ,Structural collapse
Radiation Contamination ,Gas Leakage
Transportation
Disaster Management
Principles of Disaster Management
Importance of Disaster Management

4. A disaster is a natural or man-made (or
technological) hazard resulting in an event of
substantial extent causing significant
physical damage or destruction, loss of
life, or drastic change to the environment. A
disaster can beostensively defined as any
tragic event stemming from events such
as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic acciden
ts, fires, or explosions. It is a phenomenon
that can cause damage to life, property and
destroy the economic, social and cultural life
of people.

5. For some natural disasters like floods and volcanoes
,advance warning may be there for
others like earthquakes ,tsunami no warnings whereas man
made disasters like explosions ,
nuclear or gas leakages
,wars , terrorism act etc are always a human error and we
are
the one who causes some of these dangerous and vigorous
man made
calamities to the nature and to mankind.

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Deaths
Property loss
Disabilities
Increase in Communicable Diseases
Psychological Problems
Food Shortage
Socioeconomic Loses
 Shortage of Drugs and Medical
Supplies
 Environmental Disruption

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Predictability
Controllability
Speed of Onset
Length of Fore warming
Duration of Impact
Scope of Intensity of Impact

10. An earthquake (also known as
a quake, tremor or temblor) is the result of a
sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that
creates seismic waves.
The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of
an area refers to the frequency, type and size of
earthquakes experienced over a period of time.
Earthquakes are measured using observations
from seismometers. The moment magnitude is
the most common scale on which earthquakes
larger than approximately 5 are reported for the
entire globe. The more numerous earthquakes
smaller than magnitude 5 reported by national
seismological observatories are measured mostly
on the local magnitude scale, also referred to as
the Richter scale.

11. A flood is an overflow of water that submerges
land. The European Union (EU) Floods
Directive defines a flood as a covering by water
of land not normally covered by water. In the
sense of "flowing water", the word may also be
applied to the inflow of the tide. Flooding may
result from the volume of water within a body of
water, such as a river or lake, which overflows or
breaks levees, with the result that some of the
water escapes its usual boundaries, or may be
due to accumulation of rainwater on saturated
ground in an areal flood.

12. Lightning is a massive electrostatic
discharge caused by unbalanced electric
charge in the atmosphere. Lightning can be
either inside clouds (IC), cloud to cloud (CC)
or cloud to ground (CG) and is accompanied
by the loud sound of thunder. Because
the speed of sound in air (~340 m/s) is so
much slower than the speed of
light (300,000,000 m/s) from the lightning
flash the distance to a lightning strike can
be closely approximated by dividing the
flash-thunder interval, T (sec) by 3-T(sec)/3 = km distance or T(sec)/5 = mile
distance. Thunder often lasts several
seconds because the sounds from different

13. A Storm is any disturbed state of an astronomical
body's atmosphere, especially affecting its
surface, and strongly implying severe weather. It may
be marked by
strong wind, hail, thunder and/or lightning (a thunders
torm), heavy precipitation (snowstorm, rainstorm), hea
vy freezing rain (ice storm), strong winds (tropical
cyclone, windstorm) or wind transporting some
substance through the atmosphere (as in a dust
storm, blizzard, sandstorm, etc.). Storms generally
lead to negative impacts to lives and property, such
as storm surge, heavy rain or snow (causing flooding or
road impassibility), lightning, wildfires, and
vertical wind shear; however, systems with significant
rainfall can alleviate drought in places they move
through.

14. A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with
both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare
cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters
or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a
wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes
come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a
visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is
often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have
wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250 feet
(76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometres) before
dissipating. The most extreme tornadoes can attain wind speeds of more
than 300 miles per hour (483 km/h), stretch more than two miles (3.2
km) across, and stay on the ground for dozens of miles (more than
100 km).

15. During a volcanic
eruption, lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic
bombs and blocks), and various gases are
expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. Several
types of volcanic eruptions have been
distinguished by volcanologists. These are often
named after famous volcanoes where that type
of behaviour has been observed. Some
volcanoes may exhibit only one characteristic
type of eruption during a period of
activity, while others may display an entire
sequence of types all in one eruptive series.

16. A Tsunami is a series of water waves caused by the
displacement of a large volume of a body of
water, typically an ocean or a large
lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and
other underwater explosions (including detonations of
underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier
calving, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above
or below water all have the potential to generate a
tsunami.

17. A wildfire is any uncontrolled fire in combustible vegetation that
occurs in the countryside or a wilderness area, Other names such
as brush fire, bushfire, forest fire, desert fire, grass fire, hill fire, peat
fire, vegetation fire, and hellfire may be used to describe the same
phenomenon depending on the type of vegetation being burned. A
wildfire differs from other fires by its extensive size, the speed at
which it can spread out from its original source, its potential to change
direction unexpectedly, and its ability to jump gaps such as
roads, rivers and fire breaks. Wildfires are characterized in terms of the
cause of ignition, their physical properties such as speed
of propagation, the combustible material present, and the effect of
weather on the fire.

18. A drought is an extended period of months or
years when a region notes a deficiency in its water
supply whether surface or underground water.
Generally, this occurs when a region receives
consistently below average precipitation. It can
have a substantial impact on
the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected
region. Although droughts can persist for several
years, even a short, intense drought can cause
significant damage and harm the local economy.

20. An explosion is a rapid increase in volume and release
of energy in an extreme manner, usually with the
generation of high temperatures and the release of gases
. Supersonic explosions created by high explosives are
known as detonations, and travel via supersonic shock
waves. Subsonic explosions are created by low
explosives through a slower burning process known
as deflagration.

21. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means
of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no
universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition .Common
definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent acts which are
intended to create fear (terror), are perpetrated for a religious, political
or, ideological goal; and deliberately target or disregard the safety of
non-combatants (civilians). Some definitions now include acts
of unlawful violence and war. The use of similar tactics by criminal
organizations for protection rackets or to enforce a code of silence is
usually not labelled terrorism though these same actions may be
labelled terrorism when done by a politically motivated group.

22. This article lists notable industrial disasters, which
are disasters caused by industrial companies, either by
accident, negligence or incompetence. They are a form of
industrial accident where great damage, injury or loss of life
are caused.
Other disasters can also be considered industrial disasters, if
their
causes are rooted in the products or processes of industry.
For example, the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 was made more
severe due to the heavy concentration of lumber
industry, wood houses, fuel and other chemicals in a small area.

23. Structural failure refers to loss of the load-carrying
capacity of a component or member within a
structure or of the structure itself. Structural failure
is initiated when the material is stressed to its
strength limit, thus causing fracture or
excessive deformations. In a well-designed system, a
localized failure should not cause immediate or
even progressive collapse of the entire structure.
Ultimate failure strength is one of the limit
states that must be accounted for in structural
engineering and structural design.

24. Radioactive contamination, also
called radiological
contamination, is radioactive substances on
surfaces, or within solids, liquids or gases
(including the human body), where their
presence is unintended or undesirable, or the
process giving rise to their presence in such
places. Also used less formally to refer to a
quantity, namely the activity on a surface (or
on a unit area of a surface).
As with other contamination, radioactive
contamination refers only to the presence of
the unintended or undesired
radioactivity, and gives no indication of the
magnitude of hazard involved.

25. In common usage, a gas leak refers to a leak of natural gas, from a pipe or other
containment, into a living area or any other area where the gas should not be.
As natural gas may explode when exposed to flame or sparks, this situation is
dangerous.
One of the main gas disasters of the world was the Bhopal gas tragedy.
The Bhopal disaster, also referred to as the Bhopal gas tragedy, was a gas
leak incident in India, considered one of the world's worst industrial
disasters. It occurred on the night of 2–3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide
India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. A leak
of methyl is ocyanate gas and other chemicals from the plant resulted in the
exposure of hundreds of thousands of people. The toxic substance made its
way in and around the shantytowns located near the plant. Estimates vary on
the death toll. The official immediate death toll was 2,259 and the government
of Madhya Pradesh has confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths related to the gas
release. Others estimate 8,000 died within two weeks and another 8,000 or more
have since died from gas-related diseases. A government affidavit in 2006
stated the leak caused 558,125 injuries including 38,478 temporary partial and
approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries.

27. An aviation incident is an occurrence other than an accident, associated
with the operation of an aircraft, which affects or could affect the
safety of operations, passengers, or pilots. The category of the vehicle
can range from a helicopter, an airliner, or a space shuttle. The world's
worst airliner disaster is the Tenerife crash of 1977, when
miscommunications between and amongst air traffic control and an
aircrew caused two fully laden jets to collide on the runway, killing 583
people.

28. A railroad disaster is an occurrence associated with
the operation of a passenger train which results in
substantial loss of life. Usually accidents with freight
(goods) trains are not considered disasters, unless
they cause substantial loss of life or property. One
of the most devastating rail disasters occurred in
2004 in Sri Lanka when 1,700 people died in the Sri
Lanka tsunami-rail disaster. Other notable rail
disasters are the 1989 Ufa accident in Russia which
killed 574, and the 1917 Madame train accident in
France which killed 540.

29. A traffic collision, also known as a traffic
accident, motor vehicle collision, motor vehicle
accident, car accident, automobile accident, Road
Traffic Collision (RTC), car crash, or car
smash (Australian) occurs when a
vehicle collides with another
vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other
stationary obstruction, such as a tree or utility
pole. Traffic collisions may result in
injury, death, vehicle damage and property damage.

30. Ships can sink, capsize or crash in disasters.
Perhaps the most infamous sinking was that of
the Titanic which hit an iceberg and
sank, resulting in one of the worst maritime
disasters in history. Other notable incidents
include the capsizing of the Costa
Concordia, which killed at least 32 people; and
is the largest passenger ship to sink, and the
sinking of the MV Doña Paz, which claimed the
lives of up to 4,375 people, making it the worst
peacetime maritime disaster in history.

31. Natural disasters, pandemics and other
types of major emergency have
widespread human impacts. Physical
therapists can and do have a significant
role to play in helping those affected by
such disasters. WCPT is committed to
promoting physical therapists
engagement at the organisational level
when disasters strike, and to supporting
member organisations with information to
guide physical therapists so that they are
well prepared and appropriately
supported for being involved in disaster
management.

32. Disaster management is the responsibility of all spheres of
government
 Disaster management should use resources that exist for a
day to day purpose
 Organizations should function as an extension for there core
business
 Individuals are responsible for their own safety
 Disaster management planning should focus on Large Scale
Events
 Disaster management planning should recognize the
difference between incidents and disasters
 Disaster management operational arrangements are additiona
to and do not replace incident management operational
arrangements
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34. Good prevention might include the construction of flood levees
,relocation of housing and essential services away from
floodway ,use of better building standards or hazardous waste
regulation

35. Through good preparation ,the effects of disasters and
significant incidents can often be reduced .Information and
education for the public about hazards .This will help
communities to take action to protect themselves ,their families
and property from harm .Planning and community involvement
in the planning is most important in preparing for
disasters

36. In major emergencies it is critical that an efficient
and effective disaster response can be mobilized
.Response is a collective responsibility .In a major
emergency or disaster ,people need to know what to
do ,who will do it and how it will be done .The
ability to respond quickly and effectively will
depend on good preparation .If a response plan has
been developed thought fully ,included the
community ‟sinews ,been communicated clearly and
has been based on a realistic availability of
resources ,it is likely to succeed.

37. Recovery from major disaster can be
along and costly process .Essential
services such as water and power may
need to be restored ,additional medical
services may be required or temporary
housing and family support may be needed
.Businesses and the economy could be
badly affected and need support to
recover .Recovery from disaster will also
be most effective then it has been
thought about in advance .Generally
,major disasters will require assistance
from outside the community .Awareness
of emergency relief funding programs
and strengthening the links with national
disaster relief organisations may assist

38. Disaster planning is about anticipating the types of disasters that may
occur and the effect on communities .It is about drawing on the
wisdom of the community and experts to develop ways to prevent
,prepare for ,respond to and recover from those disasters .Disaster
management planning is a collective responsibility .Governments
,communities and private sector need to work together so that
knowledge ,resources and effort are used to minimize the effects of
disaster on communities ,the economy and the environment .

39. THANK YOU