A disaster is defined as a serious disruption exceeding a community's ability to cope that causes widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses. Man-made disasters include hazardous materials, power outages, nuclear incidents, explosions, and cyber attacks. The 2014 GAIL pipeline explosion in Andhra Pradesh, India was caused when a spark ignited leaking gas and condensate from the pipeline. It killed 22 people and injured 17 others. Industrial accidents can seriously harm human life and the environment through air, water, and soil pollution. The 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan was triggered by an earthquake and tsunami that caused nuclear meltdowns and released radiation, contaminating the area and increasing cancer risks.

1. DISASTERSDISASTERS

2. DISASTERDISASTER
A disaster is a serious disruption of the
functioning of a community or a society
involving widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses and
impacts, which exceeds the ability of the
affected community or society to cope
using its own resources.

3.
MAN-MADE AND TECHNOLOGICAL TYPES OF
DISASTERS
Hazardous materials
Power service disruption &blackout
Nuclear power plant and nuclear
blast
Radiological emergencies
Chemical threat and biological
weapons
Cyber attacks
Explosion
Civil unrest

4. Industrial hazards
Industrial accidents resulting in releases of hazardous
materials usually occur in a commercial context, such
as mining accidents. They often have an environmental
impact but may also be hazardous for people living in
proximity.
The Bhopal disaster saw the release of Dioxins into the
neighboring environment seriously affecting large numbers of
people. It is probably the world's worst industrial accident to
date.

5. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Hazard is a term associated with a substance that is
likelihood to cause an injury in a given environment or
situation .
Industrial hazard may be defined as any condition
produced by industries that may cause injury or death to
personnel or loss of product or property .
Safety in simple terms means freedom from the
occurrence of risk or injury or loss .
Industrial safety refers to the protection of workers from
the danger of industrial accidents .
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6. ACCIDeNTsACCIDeNTs
Human factor is the contributing cause of accidents in
most situations . For people who are likely to have
accidents, the treatment is divided into three main
categories
Medical assistance- in 13 percent cases
Personality readjustment- in 22 percent cases
Operating defects- the remaining 65 percent cases
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7. ACCIDeNT ReDUCTIONACCIDeNT ReDUCTION
Accident proneness is acceptable to a certain extent, it
does not mean that nothing can be done to reduce the
number of accidents
Accidents can be reduced by two approaches
 Actuarial approach- It involves studying the statistics to
determine accidents based on actual data . The factors related
to the accident frequency should be identified . The violations
of safety rules must be clearly identified .
 Safety educational campaign -Safety education must be
conducted by management to the employee groups .
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8. ChemICAl hAzARDsChemICAl hAzARDs
Unfortunately, sometimes chemical reactions get
out of control, because of several problems .
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9. mANAgemeNT Of OveR-expOsURemANAgemeNT Of OveR-expOsURe
Management of over-exposure to
chemicals performed by –
 Removal from exposure- Prompt removal of person to
exposure site, air respirators and lifelines are mandatory first
aid .
 Decontamination- A victim whose skin or clothing has been
contaminated requires immediate removal of garments and
shoes .
 Symptomatic treatment- like dehydration arrhythmias .
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10. DUsT explOsIONDUsT explOsION
The term dust is used if the maximum particle size of the
solids in the mixture is 500 mm . Dust explosion is a rapid
combustion of a dust cloud .
Avoiding the development of explosive mixture.
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11. fIRe hAzARDsfIRe hAzARDs
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12. CONTROL OF FIRE AND EXPLOSIONCONTROL OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION
Government regulations are available for safety
and fire protection
 Careful plant layout and judicious choice of constructional
materials can reduce fire and explosion hazards
 Hazardous operations should be isolated by conducting them
in separate buildings
 The roof is designed to lift easily under an explosive force
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13. CONT….CONT….
 Possible sources of fire are reduced by eliminating the
unnecessary ignition sources
 The installation of sufficient fire alarms, temperature
alarms
 Fire resistance brick-walls can limit the effects of an
explosion
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14. OTHER REQUIREMENTOTHER REQUIREMENT
 Building construction
 Exit point
 Fire Alarm equipment
 Sprinkler system
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15. ELECTRICAL HAZARDSELECTRICAL HAZARDS
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16. ELECTRICAL HAZARDS-SPECIALELECTRICAL HAZARDS-SPECIAL
SAFETy PROTECTION EQUIPMENTSAFETy PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
protection of head and eyes---goggles,
helmets, hooks, masks
protection of hand, arms, legs and feet---rubber
gloves, rubber boots, aprons, shoes, other clothing
prevention of breathing of poisonous gases---
respiration protective devices
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17. SAFETy PROgRAMMESAFETy PROgRAMME
The basic principles are:-
 To identify potential hazards, provide effective safety
equipment and facilities
 To develop safety policies
 To train in safe method of working and provide continuing
education and guidance on eliminating safety hazards and
prevention of accidents
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18. ADvANTAgES OF SAFETy MANAgEMENTADvANTAgES OF SAFETy MANAgEMENT
Cost saving
Increased productivity
Moral
Legal
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19. NUCLEAR HAZARDSNUCLEAR HAZARDS
Reactor fails
Improper functioning
of reactors
Earth quake
Tsunami
Inadequate maintenance
Natural calamities
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20. AFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALAFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTIONPOLLUTION
During Industrial hazards, large
emission of chemicals spread across
areas and people get affected
seriously.
During Bhopal disaster, dioxin killed
thousands of people and their dead
bodies remained swollen on ground.
They can affect water bodies by
producing industrial wastes into the
water and kills fish.

21. DAMAGEDDAMAGED AQUATICAQUATIC LIFELIFE
The fish which is alive will be infected
with the chemicals and humans who
consume the fish will be prone to illness
or even death at times, when it’s toxic.
Many bigger fish died because of
consuming tiny ones.
Many people around got cancers after
eating those fish from long time.

22. INDUSTRIES POLLUTINGINDUSTRIES POLLUTING
AIRAIR
Industrial gases emit into the
atmosphere which causes wide spread
air pollution. People get lung disorders,
throat disorders and can also be dead
due to toxic gases.
Majority of people are ignorant about
their polluted surroundings and lack of
knowledge also caused the prolonged
damage.

23. INDUSTRIES POLLUTINGINDUSTRIES POLLUTING
SOILSOIL
Many factories are surrounded by
houses. The soil is often polluted by
particles like ash and other harmful
chemicals.
When plants which grow on soil
consume the pollutants, the
vegetables of the plants contain
harmful toxic chemicals, which are
later eaten by humans.

24. 2014 GAIL pipeline2014 GAIL pipeline
explosionexplosion
on June,27on June,27
at Andhra Pradeshat Andhra Pradesh

26. Gas Authority of India LimitedGas Authority of India Limited
Type : State-owned enterprise public company
Founded :1984
Headquarters :New Delhi India
Key people : Shri B. C. Tripathi (Chairman & MD)
Products :Natural Gas, Petrochemical, Liquid
Hydrocarbons, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Transmission, City Gas
Distribution, E&P, Telecommunication, Electricity Generation.
Number of employees :3,994 (2013)
Parent : MoP & NG
Subsidiaries : GAIL Gas, BCPL and GAIL Global (Singapore)
Pte Ltd.

29. Reason for the disaster :Reason for the disaster :
GAIL's Tatipaka-Kondapalli pipeline, which was
built in 2001 to move dry natural gas to Lanco
Power Plant, transported gas as also water and
condensate coming from ONGC's wells.
Water and condensate corroded the pipeline,
leading to gas and condensate leaking to surface
where a lighting of a stove led to a blast and
subsequent fire on 27 June.

30. EFFECTSEFFECTS
 The condensate formed vapor cloud with gas
pockets, and triggered a major fire when a tea
vendor lighted the stove.
A spark, possibly from a stove lit by a local, at
5:45 am on June 27 led to condensate and cloud
of gas catching fire with a loud explosion. The fire
spread over a 50-metre radius, engulfing nearby
dwelling units, houses and tea stalls, killing 22
people, including three women and three children,
besides injuring 17 others.
The industries that depend on these natural gas
were also affected .

31. REMEDIESREMEDIES
The industries should use all safety
equipments .
The should use E-nose which is a new
technological instrument to identify the
leakage of gas.
video

32. FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI NUCLEARFUKUSHIMA DAIICHI NUCLEAR
DISASTER - JAPANDISASTER - JAPAN

33. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI NUCLEAR
POWER PLANT
 Thermal power station in
which the heat source is
a nuclear reactor.
In all conventional thermal
power stations the heat is
used to generate steam
which drives a steam
turbine connected to
an electric
generator which produces
electricity.
In the towns of okuma &
futaba, Japan
First commissioned in 1971
Uses 6 BWR
Largest power station
O/P - 4.7 GWe
Completely dismantled - 1st
August 2013

34. REASON FOR THE SHUTDOWNREASON FOR THE SHUTDOWN
On March 11, 2011 an earthquake categorised
9.0M – hanshu island
 Time- 14:46 Japan standard time (JST)
Location- Northeast coast of Japan
 destructive Tsunami with waves of up to 14
meters
2008: Tsunami study ignored

35. EVENTS :EVENTS :

38. Thyroid
growth/ca
ncer
Mutant
animals
and
plants.
video

42. THANK YOUTHANK YOU