The document discusses man-made disasters, detailing their definitions, types including nuclear, chemical, and industrial accidents, and prominent case studies like the Chernobyl disaster and the Bhopal gas tragedy. It emphasizes the consequences of human negligence and errors, as well as the necessity for mitigation strategies such as hazard mapping, community preparedness, and improved planning. The conclusion highlights the importance of understanding disasters and being prepared for their occurrences.

1. DISASTER
MANAGEMENT PROJECT
TOPIC:
MAN MADE DISASTERS

3. INTRODUCTION
We are now living in a civilized society. The days of
illiteracy and ignorance have gone. Man has made much
progress in the field of science and technology. Man has
cut forests recklessly to clear the land for cultivation and
along with this ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
has taken place, which also affects his life. Man is
becoming his own enemy because he has also created
weapons of mass destruction and these weapons are used
against humanity, which further brings sorrow, and
suffering to mankind.

4. WHAT IS A DISASTER?
“A DISASTER is a natural or man-
made (or technological) hazard
resulting in an event of substantial
extent causing significant physical
damage or destruction, loss of life, or
drastic change to the environment.”

5. TYPES OF DISASTER
TYPES OP
DISASTERS
MAN MADE
DISASTERS
NATURAL
DISASTERS

6. WHAT IS A MAN MADE
DISASTER?
Q. What is a man -made disaster?
Man-made disasters are disasters resulting from man-
made hazards (threats having an element of human
intent, negligence, or error; or involving a failure of a
man-made system), as opposed to natural disasters
resulting from natural hazards. Man-made hazards or
disasters are sometimes referred to as anthropogenic .

7. TYPES OF MAN MADE
DISASTERS
• Nuclear Accidents
• Chemical Disasters
• Biological Disasters
• Global Warming
• Terrorist Attacks
• Pollution
• Chemical Weapons of Mass Destruction.
• Industrial Accidents

8. NUCLEAR ACCIDNETS

9. WHAT ARE NUCLEAR
ACCIDENTS?
A nuclear and radiation accident is defined by the
International Atomic Energy Agency as "an event that
has led to significant consequences to people, the
environment or the facility." Examples include lethal
effects to individuals, large radioactivity release to the
environment, or reactor core melt." The prime
example of a "major nuclear accident" is one in which
a reactor core is damaged and significant amounts of
radioactivity are released, such as in the Chernobyl
Disaster in 1986.

10. PICTURES OF NUCLEAR
DISASTERS

11. CASE STUDY: CHERNOBYL
NUCLEAR DISASTER OF 1986
• The Chernobyl accident in 1986 was the result of a flawed reactor
design that was operated with inadequately trained personnel.
• The resulting steam explosion and fires released at least 5% of the
radioactive reactor core into the atmosphere and downwind – some
5200 PBq (I-131 eq).
• Two Chernobyl plant workers died on the night of the accident, and
a further 28 people died within a few weeks as a result of acute
radiation poisoning.
• UNSCEAR says that apart from increased thyroid cancers, "there is
no evidence of a major public health impact attributable to
radiation exposure 20 years after the accident."
• Resettlement of areas from which people were relocated is
ongoing.
• The Radiation was so worst that till the next 24,000 years the area
has to be abandoned for complete safety.

12. CHERNOBYL DISASTER

13. CHEMICAL DISASTERS
A chemical accident is the unintentional release of one
or more hazardous substances which could harm
human health or the environment. Chemical hazards
are systems where chemical accidents could occur
under certain circumstances. Such events include fires,
explosions, leakages or releases of toxic or hazardous
materials that can cause people illness, injury,
disability or death. An example is the introduction of
hydrocarbon methyl that increases the risk of heart
cancer because it changes the way blood cells flow
through the body

14. CHEMICAL DISASTERS

15. CASE STUDY: BHOPAL GAS
TRAGEDY
The Bhopal disaster, also referred to as the Bhopal
gas tragedy, was a gas leak incident in India,
considered the world's worst industrial disaster. It
occurred on the night of 2–3 December 1984 at the
Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant
in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Over 500,000 people
were exposed to methyl Isocyanate gas and other
chemicals. The toxic substance made its way in and
around the shanty towns located near the plant.

16. BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY 1984

17. INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS
Q. What are Industrial Disasters?
Industrial disasters or accidents, which
are disasters caused by industrial companies, either by
accident, negligence or incompetence. They are a form
of industrial accident where great damage, injury or
loss of life are caused. Other disasters can also be
considered industrial disasters, if their causes are
rooted in the products or processes of industry.

18. CASE STUDY: CHINA GAS
WELL BLOWOUT
A gas well blowout in an underground well happened
at 10:00 pm on Tuesday, 23 December. The disaster
took place at Chuandongbei gas field in Gao Qiao
town in the north eastern part of Chongqing province
and resulted in the release of natural gas and hydrogen
Sulphide, which is highly toxic when inhaled. The
blowout - the worst of its kind in China's history - is
thought to be caused by a puncture to the highly
pressurized gas well caused by drilling.

19. CASE STUDY: CHINA GAS WELL
BLOWOUT; PICTURES

20. MITIGATION STRTERGIES FOR
CHEMICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS
• Hazard Mapping: Inventories and maps of storage
locations of toxins or hazardous substances along with
the possible characteristics should be displayed and
known to all.
• Land Use Planning: Densely populated residential areas
should be located at a distance from industrial areas. A
buffer zone should separate the industrial and the
residential zone. Better Planning is Required to Handle
the Waste that is planned before setting up any industry.

21. MITIGATION STRTERGIES FOR
CHEMICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS
• Community Preparedness: The community should
be aware of the hazardous installations and know
how to combat the situation. The local community
has to be informed about the response steps to be
taken in case of an accident.
• Other Possible Risk Reduction Measures:
- Improve fire resistance and warning systems.
- Limit Storage capacity of toxic substances.
- Maintain a wind flow Diagram of the Region. Etc.

22. MITIGATION

23. CONCLUSION
So at the End of the Slide we have learnt that what
is a disaster, types of disasters, What are man made
disasters, Types of Man made disasters, Case
studies of different man made disasters such as the
Chernobyl Disaster and the Bhopal Gas tragedy
and Mitigation Strategies to be followed and how
to keep ourselves prepared for man-made disasters.

24. AND NOW , A VOTE OF THANKS
TO OUR ESTEEMED AND
HARDWORKING GROUP
MEMBERS
Varun Kakkar