A disaster is defined as a hazardous event, either natural or man-made, that causes severe damage and disruption through loss of life or infrastructure. There are four main types of disasters: natural disasters like floods and earthquakes, environmental emergencies from industrial accidents, complex emergencies during conflicts, and pandemic emergencies from disease outbreaks. Vulnerability refers to a community's susceptibility to harm from hazards, and disaster management involves preparing for, responding to, and recovering from emergencies to reduce their impacts. Mitigation strategies include structural projects to strengthen infrastructure and non-structural policies and plans.