Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) aims to protect communities from hazards through prevention, preparedness, response, and rehabilitation efforts. DRR includes reducing the frequency and impact of hazards, strengthening community capacity to withstand and recover from disasters, and minimizing hazards during disasters. DRR is often integrated into development programs related to areas like livelihoods, food security, and capacity building. It requires understanding community risks and implementing measures to reduce vulnerability and support sustainable livelihoods, especially in countries prone to recurrent disasters.
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The document analysis the concepts of vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity and how useful can they be to study small states. It also discuss alliances as possible strategies for small states to survive and participate in the international system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
The document analysis the concepts of vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity and how useful can they be to study small states. It also discuss alliances as possible strategies for small states to survive and participate in the international system.
well.. this time its about disaster all over india...so sad...but i hope that you know what you could do when needed help to the needies...........<3 hope you like it
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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1. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
Disaster Risk Reduction - What is it and why do need it?
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) measures are designed to protect livelihoods and the assets
of communities and individuals from the impact of hazards by:
Prevention/Mitigation: reducing the frequency, scale, intensity and impact of
hazards.
Preparedness: strengthening the capacity of communities to withstand, respond to
and recover from hazards, and of government, implementing partners and Concern
to establish speedy and appropriate interventions when the communities’ capacities
are overwhelmed.
Response: efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster. Examples: search
and rescue; emergency relief. Favourably influencing the social, political, economic
and environmental issues that contribute to the causes and magnitude of impact of
hazards.
Rehabilitation/Reconstruction: Returning the community to normal. Examples:
temporary housing; grants; medical care.
DRR is often a complementary or integral part of other programmes such as micro-finance,
food security, promoting agricultural diversity, or capacity building. On occasions,
particularly with preparedness planning and advocacy issues, it can be a stand-alone
activity. The inclusion of DRR measures in programming does not require a complete
departure from Concern’s current programme planning approach; it can be included within
project concept notes, programme cycle management and conceptually sits comfortably
within the livelihoods model.
However, DRR does require the active adoption of a DRR perspective in our contextual
analysis and programme planning. This requires undertaking a risk assessment that
identifies the probability of a hazard occurring and its likely impacts on a given community.
It furthermore requires knowledge of some of the wide range of measures that can be
included in programmes in order to reduce risk to communities and individuals.
A disaster results when a hazard occurs and impacts on a community, overwhelming its
capacity to cope. Disasters affect people, their livelihoods and their environment. The
magnitude of impact is directly related to the intensity and scale of a hazard and the
vulnerability of individuals and communities.
It is apparent that the countries in which Concern works are particularly prone to disasters,
many of them cyclical and of regular occurrence. These include:
tropical storms - e.g. Bangladesh, India, Haiti, Sri Lanka
volcanoes and earthquakes - e.g. Haiti, DRC, Afghanistan, Indonesia, Bangladesh
2. landslides - e.g. Afghanistan, Burundi, Pakistan
droughts - e.g. Haiti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Eritrea, Sudan, Niger, Zambia,
Zimbabwe, Timor Leste
floods - e.g. Bangladesh, Cambodia, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia,
Pakistan, India
DRR is a means of bridging the gap between development and humanitarian programmes
and can be seen as a means of strengthening livelihood security. In countries faced with
recurrent crises, development can only be sustained if there is a proper understanding of
and response to the negative impact of disasters. DRR interventions seek to assist in the
development of this understanding, to support livelihoods and to protect assets. It is hoped
that DRR interventions will reduce communities’ vulnerability and increase their
opportunities of pursuing sustainable livelihoods.
DISASTER CYCLE
Disaster Risk Management Cycle includes sum total of all activities, programmes and
measures which can be taken up before, during and after a disaster with the purpose to
avoid a disaster, reduce its impact or recover from its losses. The three key stages of
activities that are taken up within disaster risk management are as follows:
1. Before a disaster (pre-disaster). Pre-disaster activities those which are taken to reduce
human and property losses caused by a potential hazard. For example: carrying out
awareness campaigns, strengthening the existing weak structures, preparation of the
disaster management plans at household and community level, etc. Such risk reduction
measures taken under this stage are termed as mitigation and preparedness activities.
2. During a disaster (disaster occurrence). These include initiatives taken to ensure that the
needs and provisions of victims are met and suffering is minimized. Activities taken under
this stage are called emergency response activities.
3. After a disaster (post-disaster). There are initiatives taken in response to a disaster with a
purpose to achieve early recovery and rehabilitation of affected communities, immediately
after a disaster strikes. These are called as response and recovery activities.
The Disaster risk management cycle diagram (DRMC) highlights the range of initiatives
which normally occur during both the Emergency response and Recovery stages of a
disaster. Some of these cut across both stages (such things as coordination and the
provision of ongoing assistance); whilst other activities are unique to each stage (e.g. Early
Warning and Evacuation during Emergency Response; and Reconstruction and Economic
and Social Recovery as part of Recovery). The DRMC also highlights the role of the media,
where there is a strong relationship between this and funding opportunities. This diagram
works best for relatively sudden-onset disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, bushfires,
tsunamis, cyclones etc, but is less reflective of slow-onset disasters, such as drought, where
3. there is no obviously recognizable single event which triggers the movement into the
Emergency Response stage.
According to Warfield (2008) disaster management aims to reduce, or avoid the potential
losses from hazards, assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims of disaster, and
achieve rapid and effective recovery. The disaster management cycle illustrates the ongoing
process by which governments, businesses, and civil society plan for and reduce the impact
of disasters, react during and immediately following a disaster, and take steps to recover
after a disaster has occurred. Appropriate actions at all points in the cycle lead to greater
preparedness, better warnings, reduced vulnerability or the prevention of disasters during
the next iteration of the cycle. The complete disaster management cycle includes the
shaping of public policies and plans that either modify the causes of disasters or mitigate
their effects on people, property, and infrastructure.
The mitigation and preparedness phases occur as disaster management improvements are
made in anticipation of a disaster event. Developmental considerations play a key role in
contributing to the mitigation and preparation of a community to effectively confront a
disaster. As a disaster occurs, disaster management actors, in particular humanitarian
organizations become involved in the immediate response and long-term recovery phases.
The four disaster management phases illustrated here do not always, or even generally,
occur in isolation or in this precise order. Often phases of the cycle overlap and the length of
each phase greatly depends on the severity of the disaster.