This document discusses JK flip-flops and their applications in counters and seven segment displays. It describes the structure of a JK flip-flop, including its inputs of J, K, PR, CLR and CLK, and its outputs of Q and Q'. It explains the four modes of operation for a JK flip-flop: hold, set, reset, and toggle. Counters are described as using multiple flip-flops connected in series to count pulses. Seven segment displays are discussed as a way to display numbers visually using an arrangement of LED segments, with drivers needed to interpret BCD input for the display.

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Content Slid Number
1. JK Flip Flop 3 - 10
2. Counter 11 - 14
3. Segment Display 15 - 19
4. BCD to 7 Segment Driver 20 - 21

3.  WHATIS AJKFLIP-FLOP?
• Aflip-flop isa circuit that hastwo stable statesand canbe used
to store state information.
• Theflip-flop canbe made to change state by signalsapplied to
oneor morecontrol inputs and will have oneor two outputs.
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4.  JKSTRUCTURE
JK Has 5 inputs named:
J(set),K(reset), PR, CLR, andCLK
JK Has 2 outputs: Q and Q’
PR = Preset
CLR = Clear
CLK =Clock
Set: when it stores a binary 1
Cleared (reset): when it stores a binary 0
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5.  OUTPUTS
The Q output is the primary
output. This means that the binary
bit stored in the flip-flop, 1 or 0, is
the same as Q.
The Q’ output is the
opposite binary bit value
that is stored inQ.
The PR and CLR inputs
always override the J,K
inputs.
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6.  INPUTS:PRANDCLR
A low at the PR input sets Q = 1
A low at the CLR input sets Q = 0
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7.  INPUTS: J ANDK
—The logic statesapplied to theJand Kinputscausethe flip-
flop to operate 4 different ways.
—The way thelogic state isapplied to Jand Kiscalled Mode
of Operation.
—The modeof operation refers to thecondition of theflip-flop
asit prepares for thepositive clockpulse.
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8.  FOURMODESOFOPERATION
J K Q Q’ Mode
0 0 Q Q’ Hold
1 0 1 0 Sets
0 1 0 1 Resets
1 1 Q’ Q Toggle
The 4 modes of operationare:
hold, set, reset,toggle
JK contains an internal
Active Low SR latch.
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10.  FLIPFLOPSAPPLICATIONS:COUNTER
• Another major application of flip flops isa digital counter.It isusedto countpulsesor
eventsand it canbe made by connectinga seriesof flip flops. Countercancountup to
2n. Where n isthe numberof flip flops. Figure 3 showsa simplestbinary ripple counter
made by flip flops. It consistsof connectionsof flip flop without any logic gate. Each flip
flop istriggered by the output of its proceeding flip flop.
• Theyare usedin digital equipment's, clocks,frequency countersand computersetc.
Figure3:Fourstage Counter
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11.  A counter is a device which stores the number of times
a particular event or process has occurred, often in
relationship to a clock signal.
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12.  Prerequisites:
 4 JK flip flops
 AND GATE
 OR GATE
 Clock pulse generator
 Interactive input
 BCD to 7 segment driver
 7 segment display
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14.  They follow same way of construction.
 Only number of jk flip flop fluctuates.
 For 0-9 counter, 4 jk flip flops used , for 0-5 counter, 3
flip flop is used.
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16.  In F. W. Wood invented an 8-segment display , which
displayed the number 4 using a diagonal bar.
 By 1910, a seven-segment display illuminated by
incandescent bulbs was used on a power-plant boiler room
signal panel.
 During 1910s it was also used for displaying dialled
telephone number to operators during the transition from
manual to automatic telephone dialling.
 And by 1970s, SDDs were widely popular as being used in
LEDs.
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17.  It consists of 7 LEDs arranged in the form of Square ‘8’ and a
single LED as dot character. Different characters can be
displayed by selecting the required LED segments.
 Each one of the seven LEDs in the display is given a
positional segment with one of its connection pins. These
individually LED pins are labelled from a to g representing
each individual LED.
 On forward biasing the appropriate pins of the LED segments
in a particular order, some segments will be light and others
will be dark which allows to show the desired number pattern.
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19. LED has two connecting pins, one “Anode” and the other “Cathode”, there
are therefore two types of LED 7-segment display called: Common
Cathode (CC) and Common Anode (CA).
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20.  binary-coded decimal (BCD) is used to encode decimal numbers
(base-10 numbers) in a binary form where each decimal digit is
represented by a nibble (4 bits).A BCD to Seven Segment decoder
is a combinational logic circuit that accepts a decimal digit
in BCD (input) and generates appropriate outputs for
the segments to display the input decimal digit.
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22. THANK YOU!!
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