This document provides an overview of registers and shift registers. It defines four types of shift registers based on data input/output: serial in parallel out (SIPO), parallel in serial out (PISO), serial in serial out (SISO), and parallel in parallel out (PIPO). Common integrated circuit shift registers like 74164 and 74195 are described. Applications of shift registers in arithmetic operations and counters like ring counters and Johnson counters are explained. Upon completing this chapter, students should understand registers, shift register types, their operations and applications.
The document explains about the concepts of sequential circuits in Digital electronics.
This will be helpful for the beginners in VLSI and electronics students.
The document explains about the concepts of sequential circuits in Digital electronics.
This will be helpful for the beginners in VLSI and electronics students.
The Reason Why we use master slave JK flip flop instead of simple level triggered flip flop is Racing condition which can be successfully avoided using two SR latches fed with inverted clocks.
It is the adder used to eliminate the wastage of time occur at each stage of parallel binary adder.In this , by using only carry input signal , we can calculate the the carry output without going to calculate carry at each stage.it is commonly used only for 4 bit addition because further calculation will be more complex.
The Reason Why we use master slave JK flip flop instead of simple level triggered flip flop is Racing condition which can be successfully avoided using two SR latches fed with inverted clocks.
It is the adder used to eliminate the wastage of time occur at each stage of parallel binary adder.In this , by using only carry input signal , we can calculate the the carry output without going to calculate carry at each stage.it is commonly used only for 4 bit addition because further calculation will be more complex.
Implementation of a digital multimeter using basic stamp2 on a professional development board. It also includes R2R ladder network for digital to analog conversion
An analog-to-digital converter (ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts a continuous physical quantity (usually voltage) to a digital number that represents the quantity's amplitude.
The conversion involves quantization of the input, so it necessarily introduces a small amount of error. Instead of doing a single conversion, an ADC often performs the conversions ("samples" the input) periodically. The result is a sequence of digital values that have been converted from a continuous-time and continuous-amplitude analog signal to a discrete-time and discrete-amplitude digital signal.
Counters:
Introduction, Asynchronous counter, Terms related to counters, IC-7493 (4-bit binary counter), Synchronous counter, Bushing, Type T-Design, Type JK Design, Presettable counter, IC-7490, IC 7492, Synchronous counter ICs, Analysis of counter circuits
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1. CHAPTER 6 : REGISTER
By:
Siti Sabariah Hj. Salihin
Electrical Engineering Department
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
1
2. CHAPTER 202 ::DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
6 REGISTER
EE
Course Learning Outcomes, CLO
Upon completion of the course, students should be able to:
� CLO 3 : Draw logics diagrams, truth tables and timing diagrams for
all common flip flops and use these to implement sequential logic
circuits correctly.
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
3. CHAPTER 6 : REGISTER
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
Upon completion of this Chapter, students should be able to
to:
6.1 Understand the concepts and applications of registers and shift
Registers.
6.1.1 Classify the Shift Register according to the methods of data
input/output: SISO, PIPO, SIPO, PISO.
6.1.2 State the applications of Shift registers listed in 6.1.1
6.1.3 Interpret the Operation and circuit of Shift Register listed in 6.1.1
6.1.4 Interpret the Operation and application of an integrated circuits
Shift Register listed in 6.1.1
6.1.5 Explain the application of Shift Register as arithmetic circuits:
6.1.6 Explain the operations and application of Ring Counters and
Johnson Counter
4. Introduction – Shift Register
� Shift registers are constructed using several flipflop, connected in such a way to STORE and
TRANSFER/ Shift digital data.
� Basically, D flip-flop is used. The input data
(either ‘0’ or ‘1’) is applied to the D terminal and
the data will be stored at Q during
positive/negative-edge transition of the clock
pulse.
D Q
Q
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
4
5. Shift Register
� One D FF is used to store 1-bit of data. Thus, the
number of flip-flops used is the same with the
number of bit stored.
� Shift register mean that the data in each FF can be
transferred/move to other FF upon edge triggering
of the clock signal.
� Four types of data movement in shift register are:� Parallel in / parallel out (PIPO)
� Serial in / serial out (SISO)
� Parallel in / serial out (PISO)
� Serial in / parallel out (SIPO)
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
5
6. � Serial Data VS Parallel Data movement
Serial
Parallel
•Movement of N-bit data
require N number of CLK
pulses. Thus, the operation is
slow.
•Only one FF is required to be
connected at the output
terminal, thus only one wire is
required.
•Require only one CLK pulse
to transfer all N-bit of data.
Thus, operation is faster than
serial.
•Required N number of
connection to the output
terminal, which is proportional
to the number of bit. Thus, too
many connection is required.
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
6
7. � Flip-flop configuration for PIPO register.
D3
D2
D Q3
D1
D Q2
CP
D0
D Q1
CP
D Q0
CP
CP
CLK
Q3
Q2
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
Q1
Q0
7
9. � Flip-flop connection for SISO.
1st CLK
DIN
CLK
D Q0
2nd CLK
D Q1
3rd CLK
4th CLK
D Q2
D Q3
CP
CP
CP
CP
FF0
FF1
FF2
FF3
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
9
10. Serial in / serial out (SISO)
SISO data movement. Binary data 10111 is transferred!
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
CLK
DATA-IN
1
0
1
1
1
Q0
Q1
Q2
Q3
10
11. Flip-flop connection for PISO
SHIFT/LOADD0
D1
D2
D3
Serial
data
out
D Q0
CLK
D Q1
D Q2
D Q3
CP
CP
CP
CP
FF0
FF1
FF2
FF3
11
13. Integrated circuits Shift Register
Chips for shift registers
� 74164 is a 8-bit SIPO shift register
A
B
CLR
74164
CLK
Q0 Q 1 Q 2 Q3 Q 4 Q5 Q6 Q 7
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
13
14. Integrated circuits Shift Register
Chips for shift registers
� 74165 is a 8-bit PISO register
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
SH/LD
SER
CLK INH
Q7
74165
Q7
CLK
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
14
15. Integrated circuits Shift Register
Chips for shift registers
� 74195 can be used as a 4-bit PIPO register
D0 D1 D2 D3
J
K
SH/LD
74195
CLR
CLK
Q0 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
15
16. Shift Register as arithmetic circuits:
� Shift Register as Divider 2 circuits
Example :
14 = 1 1 1 0
7 =0111
3.5= 3 = 00 1 1
1.5 = 1 = 0 0 0 1
Notes : Shift to RIGHT as divider 2.
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
17. Shift Register as arithmetic circuits:
� Shift Register as Multiplier 2 circuits
Example :
8
16
32
64
= 1100
= 10000
= 100000
= 1000000
Notes : Shift to LEFT as Multiplier 2.
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
18. Shift Register Counters
� A shift register counter is a shift register whose
output being fed back (connected back) to the
serial input. This shift register would count the
state in a unique sequence!
� Two types of shift register counter:� The ring counter
� The Johnson counter
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
18
19. Ring Counter (continue)
�Ring counters are used to
construct “One-Hot”
counters
�It can be constructed for any
desired MOD number
�A MOD-N ring counter uses
N flip-flops connected in the
arrangement as shown in fig.
a)
�In general ring-counter will
require more flip-flops than a
binary counter for the same
MOD number
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
19
23. Ring Counter (continue)
� Exercise: Draw a 3 Bit Ring Counter Circuit with
initial input
010 . show a True Table until 8 clock
pulse/number sequence and draw the output waveform.
� Answer:
Discuss with Your lecturer
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
23
24. Johnson Counter
Or Twisted-ring counter
�Johnson counter constructed exactly like a normal ring counter
except that the inverted output of the last flip-flop is fed back to
first flip-flop
EE 202 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
24
27. REFERENCES:
1. "Digital Systems Principles And Application"
Sixth Editon, Ronald J. Tocci.
2. "Digital Systems Fundamentals"
P.W Chandana Prasad, Lau Siong Hoe,
Dr. Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Muhammad Suryanata.
Download Tutorials Chapter 6: Register
@ CIDOS
http://www.cidos.edu.my
http://www.sabariahsalihin.com