Codes provide legally binding guidelines for design, construction, and installation of piping systems, while standards provide sizes, ratings, and joining methods of piping components. Dimensional standards ensure interchangeability of similar components from different suppliers. Major organizations establishing standards include ASME, BIS, BSI, and DIN. Commonly used codes include ASME B31.1 through B31.12 governing various piping applications. ASME B16 standards specify pipes and fittings.

1. CODES AND STANDARDS
PIPING ENGINEERING
IN
MADHUR MAHAJAN
PIPING ENGINEER

2. CODES -:
A DOCUMENT WHICH GIVES
GUIDELINES FOR
DESIGN,CONSTRUCTION AND
INSTALLATION, WHICH ARE
CONVERTED INTO LAW.

3. STANDARDS:
• A DOCUMENT WHICH GIVES
SIZES/RATING/JOINING METHODS OF
COMPONENTS.
The STDS are mainly of two types:-
 Dimensional STDS
 Pressure Integrity STDS

4. DIMENSIONAL STANDARDS:-
• They provide configuration control Information for
components.
• The main purpose of Dimensional STD is to assure
Similar components manufactured by different
supplier will be physically Interchangeable.
• Mainly this document gives dimensions of various parts.

5. RECOMMENDED PRACTICES:
• Recommended Practices prepared by professional group or
committee indicating good engineering practices but which are
optional. Companies also develop Guide in order to have
consistency in the documentation.
• Each country has its own Codes and Standards. Normally American
National standards are most widely used all over the world and
compliance with those requirements are accepted globally.
• In India, other than American standards, British standards and
Indians are also used for the design and selection of equipment and
piping systems.

6. MAJOR ORGANIZATION FOR
STANDARDS:
Country Organization
• India BIS : Bureau of Indian standards.
• U.S.A ASME : American Society of Mechanical
Engineers
• United Kingdom BSI : British Standards Institute
• Germany DIN : Deutsches Institute for Normung.
• Japan JIS : Japanese Industrial Standards
• Europe CEN : Europe Community for Standardization
• Canada CSA : Canadian Standards Association
• France AFNOR : Association Francoise

7. AMERICAN STANDARDS
Commonly used American Standards in
Piping
• The American Petroleum Institute (API).
• The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).
• The American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
• The American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM).
• The American Welding Society (AWS).
• The American Water Works Association (AWWA).
• The Manufactures Standardization Society &
Industry-Standards practices (MSS-SP)
• The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(ASME).

8. Commonly used American CODE in Piping
1. B31.1 - Power Piping
Piping for industrial plants and marine applications. This code prescribes
minimum requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, erection, test,
and inspection of power and auxiliary service piping systems for electric
generation stations, industrial institutional plants, central and district
heating plants.
2. B31.2 - Fuel Gas Piping
This has been withdrawn as a National Standard and replaced by
ANSI/NFPA Z223.1, but B31.2 is still available from ASME and is a good
reference for the design of gas piping systems (from the meter to the
appliance).

9. 3. B31.3 - Process Piping
Design of chemical and petroleum plants and refineries processing chemicals
and hydrocarbons, water and steam. This Code contains rules for piping
typically found in petroleum refineries; chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, paper,
semiconductor, and cryogenic plants; and related processing plants and
terminals.
4. B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation Systems for
Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids
This Code prescribes requirements for the design, materials,
construction, assembly, inspection, and testing of piping transporting
liquids such as crude oil, condensate, natural gasoline, natural gas
liquids, liquefied petroleum gas, carbon dioxide, liquid alcohol, liquid
anhydrous ammonia and liquid petroleum products between producers'
lease facilities, tank farms, natural gas processing plants, refineries,
stations, ammonia plants, terminals (marine, rail and truck) and other
delivery and receiving points.

10. 5. B31.5 - Refrigeration Piping and Heat
Transfer Components
This Code prescribes requirements for the materials, design, fabrication,
assembly, erection, test, and inspection of refrigerant, heat transfer
components, and secondary coolant piping for temperatures as low as -320
deg F (-196 deg C), whether erected on the premises or factory assembled,
except as specifically excluded in the following paragraphs.
6.B31.8 - Gas Transmission and
Distribution Piping Systems
This Code covers the design, fabrication, installation, inspection, and
testing of pipeline facilities used for the transportation of gas. This Code
also covers safety aspects of the operation and maintenance of those
facilities

11. 7. B31.9 - Building Services Piping
This Code Section has rules for the piping in industrial, institutional,
commercial and public buildings, and multi-unit residences, which does not
require the range of sizes, pressures, and temperatures covered in.
8. B31.11 - Slurry Transportation Piping
Systems
Design, construction, inspection, security requirements of slurry piping
systems.
Covers piping systems that transport aqueous slurries of no hazardous
materials, such as coal, mineral ores and other solids between a slurry
processing plant and the receiving plant

12. 9. B31.12 – Hydrogen Piping and
pipelines
This Code is applicable to piping in gaseous and liquid
hydrogen service and to pipelines in gaseous hydrogen
service. This Code is applicable up to and including the
joint connecting the piping to associated pressure vessels
and equipment but not to the vessels and equipment
themselves

13. 10.ASME/ANSI B16 - Standards of
Pipes and Fittings
• ASME/ANSI B16.1 - Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and
Flanged Fittings
• ASME/ANSI B16.3 - Malleable Iron Threaded
Fittings
• ASME/ANSI B16.4 - Cast Iron Threaded Fittings
• ASME/ANSI B16.5 - Pipe Flanges and Flanged
Fittings
• ASME/ANSI B16.9 - Factory-Made Wrought Steel
Butt welding Fittings

14. • ASME/ANSI B16.10 - Face-to-Face and End-
to-End Dimensions of Valves
• ASME/ANSI B16.11 - Forged Steel Fittings,
Socket-Welding and Threaded
• ASME/ANSI B16.12 - Cast Iron Threaded
Drainage Fittings
• ASME/ANSI B16.14 - Ferrous Pipe Plugs,
Bushings and Locknuts with Pipe Threads
• ASME/ANSI B16.15 - Cast Bronze Threaded
Fittings

15. • ASME/ANSI B16.18 - Cast Copper Alloy
Solder Joint Pressure Fittings
• ASME/ANSI B16.20 - Metallic Gaskets for
Pipe Flanges-Ring-Joint, Spiral-Would,
and Jacketed
• ASME/ANSI B16.21 - Nonmetallic Flat
Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
• ASME/ANSI B16.22 - Wrought Copper
and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure
Fittings

16. • ASME/ANSI B16.23 - Cast Copper Alloy
Solder Joint Drainage Fittings (DWV)
• ASME/ANSI B16.24 - Cast Copper Alloy
Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
• ASME/ANSI B16.25 - Butt welding ends
• ASME/ANSI B16.26 - Cast Copper Alloy
Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes

17. • ASME/ANSI B16.33 - Manually Operated
Metallic Gas Valves for Use in Gas Piping
Systems Up to 125 psig
• ASME/ANSI B16.34 - Valves - Flanged,
Threaded, and Welding End
• ASME/ANSI B16.36 - Orifice Flanges
• ASME/ANSI B16.38 - Large Metallic Valves
for Gas Distribution
• ASME/ANSI B16.39 - Malleable Iron
Threaded Pipe Unions

18. • ASME/ANSI B16.40 - Manually Operated
Thermoplastic Gas
• ASME/ANSI B16.42 - Ductile Iron Pipe
Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Classes 150
and 300
• ASME/ANSIB16.44 - Manually Operated
Metallic Gas Valves for Use in House
Piping Systems

19. • ASME/ANSI B16.45 - Cast Iron Fittings
for Solvent Drainage Systems
• ASME/ANSI B16.47 - Large Diameter
Steel Flanges: NPS 26 through NPS 60
• ASME/ANSI B16.48 - Steel Line Blanks
• ASME/ANSI B16.49 - 2000 - Factory-
Made Wrought Steel Butt welding
Induction Bends for Transportation and
Distribution Systems

20. ASTM STANDARDS
• ASTM standards consist of 16 sections on
definitions & classifications of material of
construction and test methods.
ASME section II has four parts.
• Part-A Ferrous materials specifications
• Part-B Non ferrous metals specification
• Part-C Specification for welding materials
• Part-D Properties of materials

21. • In Part II, the materials are listed in the Index
based on the available forms such as plates,
casting, tubes …
• The selection of ASTM specification depends
upon the required manufactures, from of
material, its mechanical strength and the
corrosion properties.
• The specification number is given on
Alphabetical prefix ‘A’ for Ferrous materials and
‘B’ for Non-ferrous materials.

22. Commonly used Recommended
Practices
• MSS-SP-6 Standard Finishes for Contact
Surface for Flanges.
• MSS-SP-43 Wrought Stainless Steel Butt
welds Fittings, Stub Ends etc.
• MSS-SP-56 Pipe Hanger Supports:
Materials, Design and Manufacture
• MSS-SP-95 Standard for Swage Nipples
• MSS-SP-97 Standard for ‘O” let fittings.

23. KEEP
SMILING