The document outlines the manufacturing processes and quality standards for flanges, including forging, heat treatment, testing methods, and inspection criteria. It specifies the dimensional standards as per ASME codes, categorization by pressure ratings, and necessary markings on the flanges. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of visual inspection and testing to ensure product quality.

1. Flange
Manufacturing
1

2. Manufacturing
• Flanges are manufactured by
forging
• Large diameter flange are
made by ring rolling
methods
• Final dimension are
achieved by machining
2

3. Heat treatment
• Normalizing
• Solution annealing
• Tempering
• Quenching
• Stress relieving
• Combination of above
3

4. Hydrostatic Test
• Not required unless specifically
requested by purchaser
• Code mandate that flange shall
be able to withstand under
pressure test of rating of
finished part.
4

5. Non Destructive testing
• Ultrasonic test
• Magnetic particle test
• Liquid penetrant test
• Positive Material Identification
5

6. Distractive Testing
• Tensile test
• Hardness test
• Impact test / Charpy V-Notch Test
6

7. Metallurgical Test
• Chemical Analysis of
− Raw material
− Product
• Special test
− Grain size (AS & SS)
− IGC- Intergranular Corrosion Test(SS)
− Ferrite (SS)
− HIC- Hydrogen-induced Cracking
− SSC- Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking
7

8. Visual Inspection
• Check for any surface imperfection and overall
product quality
• Check for unfinished machine surface
• Check for any serration damage on flange face
• Being a machined product no surface defect is
acceptable.
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9. Dimension Standard
• Dimension of flanged to confirm
− ASME B16.5- Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS ½” to
24”
− ASME B16.47- Large Diameter Steel Flanges NPS 26” to
60”
• Flange are classified as per their pressure
temperature ratings which are designated as 150#,
300#, 400#, 600#, 900#, 1500# and 2500#
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10. Dimension Standard
• Weld neck and Lap joint flange also specified
schedule number to match with pipe thickness
• Weld nack Flange components
− Flange body
− Neck or hub
− Raised face
10

11. Dimension inspection
• Following to be confirm during inspection
− Outer & Inner Diameter
− Bolt Circle & Bolt hole Diameter
− Hub Diameter & thickness of weld end
− Length of the Hub
− Straightness and alignment of bolt hole
• Permissible tolerances are given in B16.5 and
B16.47 standard
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12. Marking
• Following shall be marked on flange body
− Manufacturer logo
− ASTM material code
− Material Grade
− Service rating (Pressure-temperature Class)
− Size
− Thickness (Schedule)
− Heat No
− Special marking QT (Quenched and tempered) or W
(Repair by welding)
VP 6” CL300 Sch80 A105 WNRF ABC12
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13. Marking
• Marking can be done by painting or by Hard punching
• For stainless steel stenciling can be used
• Flanged are marked in flange body thickness area.
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14. What you have learned?
• Heat Treatment
• Chemical & mechanical testing
• Hydro Testing
• Visual & Dimensional Inspection
• Markings
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15. See you
in the next lecture…
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