The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscular barrier between the chest and abdominal cavities. It separates your heart and lungs from your abdominal organs (stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver).
A diaphragmatic hernia occurs when one or more of your abdominal organs move upward into your chest through a defect (opening) in the diaphragm. This kind of defect can be present at birth or acquired later in life. It’s always a medical emergency and requires prompt surgery to correct.
a short demonstration on appendicitis in children describing the anatomy,embryology,anatomical variations,etio-patho-physiology of appendicitis,different presentations in various age groups,diagnostic pathways,differential diagnosis,management,complication and outcome
A developmental anomaly is a broad term used to define conditions which are present at conception or occur before the end of pregnancy. In the case of cerebral palsy, a small number also occur after birth. this is also a birth defect.
A Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is an abnormal connection (fistula) between the Oesophagus and the trachea. TEF is a common congenital abnormality.
Oesophageal atresia is failure of oesophagus to form a continuous passage from the pharynx to the stomach
TEF is an abnormal connection between the trachea and the oesophagus
Intestinal obstruction is a significant or mechanical blockage of intestine that occurs when food or stool can not move through the intestine.
These obstruction may be complete or partial.
a short demonstration on appendicitis in children describing the anatomy,embryology,anatomical variations,etio-patho-physiology of appendicitis,different presentations in various age groups,diagnostic pathways,differential diagnosis,management,complication and outcome
A developmental anomaly is a broad term used to define conditions which are present at conception or occur before the end of pregnancy. In the case of cerebral palsy, a small number also occur after birth. this is also a birth defect.
A Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is an abnormal connection (fistula) between the Oesophagus and the trachea. TEF is a common congenital abnormality.
Oesophageal atresia is failure of oesophagus to form a continuous passage from the pharynx to the stomach
TEF is an abnormal connection between the trachea and the oesophagus
Intestinal obstruction is a significant or mechanical blockage of intestine that occurs when food or stool can not move through the intestine.
These obstruction may be complete or partial.
A brief overview of Diaphragmatic hernia: A surgical condition manifested in animals mainly buffalo and dogs. Diaphragmatic hernia is the disruption of the diaphragm which allows abdominal organs to migrate into the chest cavity.
In small animals, automobile-related trauma is a common cause of diaphragmatic hernia.
Congenital defects of the diaphragm may also result in herniation (eg, peritoneopericardial hernia).
In horses, diaphragmatic hernia may occur, less commonly, congenitally or after trauma, dystocia, or recent strenuous activity.
Diaphragmatic hernias are extremely rare in cattle.Two types of diaphragmatic hernias occur in dogs and cats:
Traumatic ̶ caused by an event that tears the diaphragm
Congenital ̶ pets have these at birth (The most common type of this subcategory is the peritoneal-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH).
Careful physical examination, including auscultation and percussion, usually suggests the presence of thoracic disease.
The definitive diagnosis is most frequently made from Radiographs.
Loss of diaphragmatic contour, abdominal viscera in the thorax, and displacement of viscera from the abdomen may be apparent.
Radiographic contrast studies may be necessary to make the diagnosis
Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is a significant and potentially life-threatening medical condition that occurs after childbirth. It is characterised by excessive loss of blood, typically defined as blood loss exceeding 500 millilitres for a vaginal delivery or 1000 millilitres for a cesarean section. PPH is a critical concern due to its capacity to lead to severe maternal morbidity and even mortality.
Keratitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the cornea of your eye.
The cornea is the clear part that covers both the iris and the pupil.
Keratitis can be caused by an infection or injury to the eye.
Keratitis is a common condition.
People who wear contact lenses may experience keratitis more frequently than people who don’t wear contacts. In either case, you can take steps to help prevent this condition.
If you do develop keratitis, see your doctor right away.
Central and Peripheral Vision & their DiseasesHuzaifa Zahoor
The act or power of seeing
The special sense by which the qualities of an object (such as color, luminosity, shape, and size) constituting its appearance are perceived through a process in which light rays entering the eye are transformed by the retina into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve.
Types of Vision
Central Vision
Peripheral Vision
Disease of Vision
Central Vision Loss
Peripheral Vision Loss
Quality sexual health education (SHE) provides students with the knowledge and skills to help them be healthy and avoid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), sexually transmitted diseases (STD), and unintended pregnancy.
A SHE curriculum includes medically accurate, developmentally appropriate, and culturally relevant content and skills that target key behavioral outcomes and promote healthy sexual development.
The curriculum is age-appropriate and planned across grade levels to provide information about health risk behaviors and experiences.
Sexual health education should be consistent with scientific research and best practices; reflect the diversity of student experiences and identities; and align with school, family, and community priorities.
Cryotherapy is the use of extreme cold to freeze and remove abnormal tissue.
Doctors use it to treat many skin conditions (including warts and skin tags) and some cancers, including prostate, cervical, and liver cancer.
This treatment is also called cryoablation.
Surgery is the branch of medicine that deals with the physical manipulation of a bodily structure to diagnose, prevent, or cure an ailment.
Ambroise Paré, a 16th-century French surgeon, stated that to perform surgery is, "To eliminate that which is superfluous, restore that which has been dislocated, separate that which has been united, join that which has been divided and repair the defects of nature.“
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a persistent opening between the two major blood vessels leading from the heart. The opening (ductus arteriosus) is a normal part of a baby's circulatory system in the womb that usually closes shortly after birth. If it remains open, it's called a patent ductus arteriosus.
A small patent ductus arteriosus often doesn't cause problems and might never need treatment. However, a large patent ductus arteriosus left untreated can allow poorly oxygenated blood to flow in the wrong direction, weakening the heart muscle and causing heart failure and other complications.
Treatment options for a patent ductus arteriosus include monitoring, medications, and closure by cardiac catheterization or surgery.
Diet therapy is a broad term for the alteration or adoption of a diet to prevent or treat a disease or to simply promote optimum health.
In some cases, an alternative dietary lifestyle plan may be developed to eliminate certain foods to reclaim health.
An incorrect diet can cause not only weight gain and skin conditions but may promote exhaustion and fatigue.
Depending on the disease, if you do not follow the diet advised to you by a specialist it may have serious consequences on your health.
A good diet can prevent various diseases.
Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous or folk medicine) comprises medical aspects of traditional knowledge that developed over generations within the folk beliefs of various societies before the era of modern medicine.
Rheumatic fever (acute rheumatic fever) is a disease that can affect the heart, joints, brain, and skin.
Rheumatic fever can develop if strep throat and scarlet fever infections are not treated properly.
Early diagnosis of these infections and treatment with antibiotics is key to preventing rheumatic fever.
Cushing syndrome occurs when your body has too much of the hormone cortisol over time. This can result from taking oral corticosteroid medication. Or your body might produce too much cortisol.
Too much cortisol can cause some of the hallmark signs of Cushing syndrome — a fatty hump between your shoulders, a rounded face, and pink or purple stretch marks on your skin. Cushing syndrome can also result in high blood pressure, bone loss and, on occasion, type 2 diabetes.
Treatments for Cushing syndrome can return your body's cortisol levels to normal and improve your symptoms. The earlier treatment begins, the better your chances for recovery.
Avicenna, an Iranian philosopher and physician of the tenth and eleventh centuries (4th and 5th century A.H.) is without doubt one of the eminent scientists and talented scholars of his own age.
His scientific fame and influence was not only spread in Iran and the Islamic world, but also extended to the whole world.
He is still known as a universal scientist in particular in medicine in the views of the researchers and historians of science history.
Greece the territory of beginning of practice of healingHuzaifa Zahoor
Greek civilization emerged around 700 B.C.E. and continued until around 600 C.E. Greek doctors used rational thinking when dealing with medicine. This approach continues to influence medicine today.
The history & development of traditional chinese medicineHuzaifa Zahoor
Traditional Chinese medicine is system of medicine at least 23 centuries old that aims to prevent or heal disease by maintaining or restoring yinyang balance.
China has one of the world’s oldest medical systems.
Acupuncture and Chinese herbal remedies date back at least 2,200 years, although the earliest known written record of Chinese medicine is the Huangdi neijing (The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic) from the 3rd century BCE.
MODY is the name given to a collection of different types of inherited forms of diabetes that usually develop in adolescence or early adulthood.
MODY stands for “Maturity-onset diabetes of the young” and was given that name in the past because it acted more like the adult type of diabetes (Type 2 Diabetes) but was found in young people.
MODY limits the body’s ability to produce insulin, but is different than the juvenile type of diabetes (Type 1 Diabetes).
When our bodies don’t produce enough insulin, it can increase blood glucose levels. High blood glucose levels lead to diabetes.
Steatohepatitis is a type of fatty liver disease, characterized by inflammation of the liver with concurrent fat accumulation in the liver.
Mere deposition of fat in the liver is termed steatosis, and together these constitute fatty liver changes.
The word is from steato-, meaning "fat“ and hepatitis, meaning "inflammation of the liver".
Ultrasonography of Heart or Cardiac ultrasonography or Echocardiogram or ultrasound of the heart is the production of two-dimensional cross-sectional images of intracardiac anatomy by stop-action compound scan pulse-echo ultrasound.
The images show the size and shape of the cardiac chambers in systole and diastole, the appearance of heart valves, and the orientation of the great vessels.
The stop-action display is created by repetitively activating the recording oscilloscope for a selected short segment of each cardiac cycle.
The activating signal is timed by the patient's electrocardiogram.
The asynchronous motion of the scanner accumulates additional echoes with each cycle.
As a non-invasive technique, it is without risk or morbidity.
The right equipment is essential for a clinic that provides physical therapy, and choosing the right medical gear for your business is rarely simple.
High-quality systems often command high prices, and ensuring you have the tools you need to help patients with both occupational health development and recovery is essential.
You don’t have to break the bank to acquire the best physical therapy equipment, but you do need to be sure that your equipment is made of sturdy material that can withstand regular use by patients with a variety of different needs and body types.
The ability to understand the routes of infection, conduct epidemiology studies and to implement effective infection control procedures are crucial to hospital hygiene management.
Prolonged patient stays lead to increased morbidity and mortality rates in many cases.
Therefore, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) represent a significant cost to hospitals and hinder patient care.
Advanced microbial strain typing, hospital hygiene and infection control solutions are improving the way hospitals deal with HAI.
The vas deferens, also called ductus deferens, is part of the male reproductive system of many vertebrates; these ducts transport sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts in anticipation of ejaculation. It is a partially coiled tube that exits the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. What is
Diaphragmatic
Hernia?
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped
muscular barrier between the chest and
abdominal cavities. It separates your heart
and lungs from your abdominal organs
(stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver).
A diaphragmatic hernia occurs when one
or more of your abdominal organs move
upward into your chest through a defect
(opening) in the diaphragm. This kind of
defect can be present at birth or acquired
later in life. It’s always a medical
emergency and requires prompt surgery to
correct.
3. Explanation of Diaphragmatic Hernia with Visual
▪ This is a photo of a peritoneopericardial
diaphragmatic hernia in a cat.
▪ The photo was taken during necropsy from
the right side of the cat.
▪ To the left is the abdomen, where part of
the liver and the gall bladder can be seen.
▪ The diaphragm is in the middle. To the
right is the thorax.
▪ The largest object seen in the thorax is the
rest of the liver.
▪ Just to the right of that is the heart.
▪ The liver was connected to itself through a
small hole in the diaphragm (not seen).
4. What are the types of Diaphragmatic Hernia?
▪ Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
▪ Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a birth defect of the diaphragm.
▪ Morgagni's hernia
▪ This rare anterior defect of the diaphragm is variably referred to as a Morgagni, retrosternal, or parasternal hernia.
▪ Accounting for approximately 2% of all CDH cases, it is characterized by herniation through the foramina of Morgagni
which are located immediately adjacent and posterior to the xiphoid process of the sternum.
▪ Bochdalek hernia
▪ The Bochdalek hernia, also known as a postero-lateral diaphragmatic hernia, is the most common manifestation of
CDH, accounting for more than 95% of cases.
▪ Hiatal hernia
▪ A hiatal hernia is a type of hernia in which abdominal organs (typically the stomach) slip through the diaphragm into the
middle compartment of the chest.
▪ Iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernia
▪ Iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernia is rare complications of thoracic or abdominal surgery, having been described following
esophagectomy (1), gastrectomy (2), laparoscopic cholecystectomy (3), and nephrectomy (4).
▪ Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
▪ Diaphragmatic rupture (also called diaphragmatic injury or tear) is a tear of the diaphragm, the muscle across the
bottom of the ribcage that plays a crucial role in breathing.
5. What is the path physiology of Diaphragmatic
Hernia?
▪ The pathophysiology of acquired diaphragmatic hernias includes
circulatory and respiratory depression secondary to decreased
function of the diaphragm, intrathoracic abdominal contents
leading to compression of the lungs, shifting of the mediastinum,
and cardiac compromise.
6. What are the causes of a Diaphragmatic Hernia?
▪ A congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is due to the abnormal development of the
diaphragm while the fetus is forming.
▪ A defect in the diaphragm of the fetus allows one or more of their abdominal organs to move
into the chest and occupy the space where their lungs should be.
▪ As a result, the lungs can’t develop properly. In the majority of cases, this affects only one
lung.
▪ An acquired diaphragmatic hernia (ADH) is usually the result of a blunt or penetrating injury.
▪ Traffic accidents and falls cause the majority of blunt injuries.
▪ Penetrating injuries are usually due to stab or gunshot wounds.
▪ Surgery on the abdomen or chest may also cause accidental damage to your diaphragm.
▪ Rarely, the diaphragmatic hernia may occur without a known reason and go undiagnosed for a
period of time, until it becomes severe enough to cause symptoms.
7. How Many Babies are Born with Diaphragmatic
Hernia?
▪ Researchers estimate that about 1 in every 3,600 babies is born
with diaphragmatic hernia in the United States.
▪ About half of all newborns who have diaphragmatic hernia also
have other conditions, including birth defects of the brain, heart,
and intestines.
8. What are the risk factors for a Diaphragmatic
Hernia?
▪ Most congenital diaphragmatic hernias are idiopathic; their cause is unknown.
▪ It is believed a combination of several factors lead to their development.
▪ Chromosomal and genetic abnormalities, environmental exposures and
nutritional problems may all have a role in the formation of these hernias.
▪ It can also occur with other organ problems such as abnormal development of
the heart, gastrointestinal, or genitourinary systems.
▪ The following factors may increase your risk of an acquired diaphragmatic
hernia:
▪ blunt injuries due to a traffic accident
▪ surgical procedures on the chest or abdomen
▪ falls that impact the diaphragm region
▪ stab wounds
▪ gunshot wounds
9. What are the symptoms of a Diaphragmatic
Hernia?
▪ The severity of symptoms with a diaphragmatic hernia can vary
depending on its size, cause, and the organs involved.
▪ Difficulty Breathing
▪ Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
▪ Blue discoloration of the skin
▪ Tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
▪ Diminished or absent breath sounds
▪ Bowel sounds in the chest area
▪ Less full abdomen
10. Difficult Breathing
▪ This is usually very severe. In a
CDH, it results from the abnormal
development of the lungs.
▪ In an ADH, it occurs when the
lungs can’t function properly due
to crowding.
11. Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
▪ Your lungs may try to
compensate for the low levels of
oxygen in your body by working at
a faster rate.
12. Blue discoloration of the skin
▪ When your body doesn’t receive
enough oxygen from your lungs,
it can make your skin appear
blue (cyanosis).
13. Tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
▪ Your heart may pump more
rapidly than normal to try to
supply your body with oxygenated
blood.
14. Diminished or absent breath sounds
▪ This symptom is common in the
case of a CDH because one of
the baby’s lungs may not have
formed properly.
▪ The breath sounds on the
affected side will be absent or
very difficult to hear.
15. Bowel sounds in the chest area
▪ This occurs when your intestines
move up into your chest cavity.
16. Less full abdomen
▪ Your abdomen may be less full
than it should upon palpation (an
examination of the body by
pressing on certain areas).
▪ This is due to abdominal organs
being pushed up into the chest
cavity.
17. How is a Diaphragmatic Hernia diagnosed?
▪ Doctors can usually diagnose a congenital diaphragmatic hernia before the
baby is born.
▪ About half the cases are revealed during an ultrasound examination of the
fetus.
▪ There may also be an increased amount of amniotic fluid (the fluid that
surrounds and protects the fetus) within the uterus.
▪ After birth, the following abnormalities may appear during a physical
examination:
▪ abnormal chest movements
▪ difficulty breathing
▪ blue discoloration to the skin (cyanosis)
▪ absent breath sounds on one side of the chest
▪ bowel sounds in chest
▪ a “half-empty” feeling abdomen
18. How is a Diaphragmatic Hernia diagnosed?
(Contd..)
▪ The following tests are usually sufficient to diagnose either a CDH
or an ADH:
▪ X-ray
▪ ultrasound scan (uses sound waves to produce images of the thoracic
and abdominal cavities and their contents)
▪ CT scan (allows for direct viewing of the abdominal organs)
▪ arterial blood gas test (takes blood directly from an artery and tests for
levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acidity, or pH level)
▪ MRI (for more focused evaluation of organs especially in a fetus)
19. How is a Diaphragmatic Hernia treated?
▪ Both congenital and acquired
diaphragmatic hernias typically
require urgent surgery.
▪ Surgery must be performed to
remove the abdominal organs
from the chest and place them
back into the abdomen.
▪ The surgeon will then repair the
diaphragm.
20. How is a Diaphragmatic Hernia treated? (Contd..)
▪ With a CDH, surgeons may perform surgery as early as 48 to 72 hours after the
baby is delivered.
▪ Surgery may occur earlier in emergency situations or it may be delayed.
▪ Every case is different.
▪ The first step is to stabilize the baby and increase its oxygen levels.
▪ A variety of medications and techniques are used to help stabilize the infant and
assist with breathing.
▪ These babies are best cared for at a center with a highly specialized Neonatal
Intensive Care Unit (NICU).
▪ Once the baby stabilizes, then surgery can occur.
▪ With an ADH, the patient typically needs to be stabilized before surgery.
▪ Because most cases of ADH are due to injury, there might be other
complications such as internal bleeding.
▪ Therefore, the surgery should happen as soon as possible.
22. How can a Diaphragmatic Hernia be prevented?
▪ Currently, there is no known way to prevent a CDH.
▪ Early and regular prenatal care during pregnancy is important to help
detect the problem before birth.
▪ This allows for proper planning and care before, during, and after
delivery.
▪ Some basic preventive measures that can help you avoid an ADH
include:
▪ Driving safely and always wearing a seat belt.
▪ Avoiding activities that make you prone to significant blunt injuries to the
chest or abdomen, such as extreme sports.
▪ Limiting alcohol and avoiding drug use which can make you more prone to
accidents.
▪ Exercising caution around sharp objects, such as knives and scissors.
23. What is the long-term outlook for Diaphragmatic
Hernia?
▪ The outlook for a CDH depends on how damaged the lungs are, as
well as the severity of involvement of other organs.
▪ According to current research, the overall survival rate for
congenital diaphragmatic hernias is 70-90 percent.
▪ The survival rate for an ADH correlates directly with the type of
injury, age, and overall health of the individual, as well as the
severity of the hernia based on the size and other organs involved.
