Diallel analysis

2. STUDIES ON GENETIC ANALYSIS THROUGH
DIALLEL MATING SYSTEM IN BLACKGRAM
(Vigna mungo L. Hepper)
Presented by
S. ABINAYA, B.Sc. (Ag.)
ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
ANNAMALAI NAGAR
2020

3. CHAIRMAN
Dr.K.R.SARAVANAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPT.OF GENETICS AND
PLANT BREEDING
MEMBERS:
1)Dr.S.RANJITH RAJARAM
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPT.OF GENETICS AND PLANT
BREEDING
2)Dr.T.SIVAKUMAR
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPT.OF.PLANT PATHOLOGY

4. Content
Materials and
methods
Results and
conclusion
Review of
literature• Objectives
Introduction

5.  Pulses are the important commodity group of crops that provide
high quality protein, also known as grain legumes.
 Among all other pulses, Black gram (Phaseolus mungo. Linn /
Vigna mungo.(L.) Hepper) is one of the important kharif pulse crop
grown in India.
 It is rich in source of nutrients and minerals as 100g edible
portion contain protein (25g), potassium (983mg), calcium
(138mg), iron (7.57mg), niacin (1.447 mg), thiamin (0.273 mg),
riboflavin (0.254mg).
 Besides, it plays a crucial role in increase soil fertility by fixing 72
Kg/ha of nitrogen into the soil.

6. Family : Fabaceae
Genus : Vigna
Species: mungo
Inflorescence
 Flower-bisexual, papilionaceous,small,
bracteoles are linear to lanceolate, exceeding
the calyx.
 Corolla- 5 petals, 2-wing; 2- keel; 1-standard
petal
 - Diadelphous 9+1 (9 united, 1 free)
- Style twisted below stigmatic (hairy)
surface
young bud
old bud
Developed
pod

7. Contd…
 Though black gram is a very popular crop in the developing
world, there is a massive gap in productivity because of the
non-availability of high yielding varieties and lack of the
quality seeds reported by (Vasanthakumar, 2016).
 The efficiency of hybridization programme highly depends on
selection of elite parents to be used.
 Therefore, the present investigation on diallel analysis in black
gram done to get superior segragants and better
recombinants.

8. Objectives
 To evaluate the parents and hybrids based on per se
performance for yield and its component traits.
 To estimate the general combining ability of parental line and
specific combining ability of the crosses for yield and its
component traits.
 To study the nature of governing gene action for yield and its
component traits.
 To estimate heterosis of hybrid combination for yield and its
components traits.
 To suggest suitable breeding strategies for the improvement of
yield and its component traits.

9. The literature pertaining to different aspects of the present
investigation was reviewed under the following headings
 Gene action
 Diallel analysis
 Combining ability
 Heterosis
Reviews

10. Prasad and Murugan
Reported that CO 5
x VBN 2 found to
be best cross
combination based
on gca, sca and
per se performance.
Reported that the
specific combining
ability (sca), KU-553 x
Him Mash-1 and DU-1 x
Palampur-93 were found
to be potential cross
combinations involving
good general combiner
Studied 36 F1
hybrids revealed
that WGG 42 x
RM-12-13, MGG-
347 x RM 12-13
exhibit high
number of pods
with high yield.
Studied 21 cross
combination revealed
that MASH 338 x PU
31 and UTTARA x
PU 31 exhibit high
performance in yield
attributing traits.
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2014
Reported that the
genotypes, PU 31, LBG
645, ADT 3, CO 6 and
LBG 709 reported
significant and positive
gca effects for majority of
seed yield attributing
traits.
.
The cross Mash 479 x
Mash 1008 exhibited
significant and positive
sca effects for number
of pods per plant and
grain yield per plant
Gill et al.,
Balouria et al.,
Suguna et al.,
Latha et al.,
Shalini and Lal

11. Materials
Genotypes Code Source
ADT-3 P1 Pulses research station, Vamban
ADT-5 P2 Pulses research station, Vamban
VAMBAN-8 P3 Pulses research station, Vamban
NANDI P4 NRI Agritech Pvt.Ltd, Guntur
VAMBAN-5 P5 Pulses research station, Vamban
VAMBAN-6 P6 Pulses research station, Vamban
TU-68 P7 Pulses research station, Vamban
Place : Experimental farm, Department of Genetics and plant breeding,
Faculty of agriculture, Annamalai University.
Season : kharif, 2019.
Standard check

13. Methods
Experimental methods:
Emasculation and Crossing :
Genotypes – 7 parents
Emasculation - hand emasculation
Pollination - Gently rubbed the pollen grains against the feather
like stigma
Crossing - All possible combination (7x7)
Crossed pod -Smaller in size with two or three seeds only.
F1 evaluation:
Method – Diallele analysis (Hayman and Jinks, 1953) and (Griffings,
1956) approach
Design- RBD with three replication [ 7 parents along with 42 F1
hybrids]

14. Step 1
Emasculation
&
Step 2
F1evaluation
Step 3
Selection of
superior
hybrids

15. Crossing block
Crossed pod

16. Emasculation Crossing
Emasculated
bud

17. F1 evaluation field view

18.  Days to 50% flowering
 Plant height at maturity
 Number of branches per plant
 Number of clusters per plant
 Days to maturity
 Number of pods per plant
 Number of seeds per plant
 100 seed weight
 Seed yield per plant
Observations recorded

19. Data obtained for various traits will be subjected to following
biometrical procedures
 Analysis of variance ( Panse and Sukhatme, 1978)
 Combining ability analysis (Hayman and Jinks, 1953) and
(Griffings, 1956) approach
 Estimation of heterosis
 Analysis of genetic parameters Johnson et al., (1955).
Statistical analysis

21. SOURCE Df
Days to 50
per cent
flowering
Plant
height at
maturity
Number
of
branches
per plant
Number
of
clusters
per plant
Number of
pods per
plant
Days to
maturity
Number of
seeds per
pod
100 seed
weight
Seed
yield per
plant
Replication 2 0.5217 1.4670 0.3537 0.1090 0.7959 0.4279 1.1088 0.0538 0.1726
Genotype 48 39.4262** 32.7209** 3.7494** 17.1806** 147.3889** 21.616** 2.8560** 1.2641** 24.8029**
Error 96 0.3919 0.3796 0.3051 0.3102 0.6640 0.4216 0.2825 0.0252 0.0384
CD±5 1.012074 0.9961 0.8930 0.9005 1.3173 1.0498 0.8592 0.2569 0.3169
CD±1 1.344321 1.3230 1.1862 1.1961 1.7498 1.3944 1.1413 0.3412 0.4210
SE 0.3614 0.3557 0.3189 0.3216 0.4705 0.3749 0.3068 0.0917 0.1132
TABLE.1. Analysis of variance for yield and yield attributing traits in black gram

22. Parents/
Crosses
Days to
50%
flowe-
ring
Plant height
at maturity
No. of
branches
per plant
No. of
clusters
/plant
No. of
pods/plant
Days to
maturity
No. of
seeds
/plant
100 seed
weight (g)
Seed yield/
plant (g)
ADT3 35.33 45.8 3.33 7.33 33.33 71 3.67 2.9 4.77
ADT5 38.33 32.5 4 11.33 39 67.67 4.67 3.73 8.3
VBN 8 40.33 35.67 4.67 10.67 29.67 70.33 4 2.25 5.48
NANDI 38.67 49.8 3 7.67 31.67 72.33 3.33 3.1 6.77
VBN5 37.67 39.2 3.33 9.67 32.33 68.33 3.67 2.73 6.33
VBN6 37.33 35.83 3.33 8.67 38.33 69.67 3.67 3.15 7.63
TU 68 33.67 35 3.33 7.33 35.67 69.67 4 3.63 6.33
ADT3 x ADT5 40.33 40.6 2.33 5.33 30 72.67 2.67 2.45 1.78
ADT3 x VBN 8 42.67 40.87 2.67 4.33 34.33 69.67** 2.67 2.47 1.53
ADT3 x NANDI 38.67** 37.87** 1.67 5.33 32.67 73 3 3.63* 2.5
ADT3 x VBN5 40.33 35.40** 2 5 35.33 73.33 3.33 3.29 2.23
ADT 3 x VBN 6 41.33 40.77 2.67 7.33 33.33 74.67 3.33 2.88 2.67
ADT3 x TU 68 38.33** 42.47 3 5.33 37.67** 72.33 3.67 3.55 3.14
ADT5 x ADT3 41.33 41.93 2.33 7.67 35.67 76.33 3.33 3.61 2.8
ADT5 x VBN8 30.33** 32.57** 6.67** 13.67** 59.00** 64.33** 7.33** 5.30** 11.23**
ADT5 x NANDI 40.67 41.83 3.33* 9.33** 39.00** 74.67 3.67 3.33 4.1
ADT5 x VBN5 37.33** 42.93 3.67* 6.67 28 72.67 3.33 3.33 2.81
ADT5 x VBN6 35.33** 33.80** 6.33** 14.67** 50.33** 66.67** 6.33** 5.17** 12.27**
ADT5 x TU 68 39.33* 41.73 2.33 8.67 23 71 3.67 3.6 2.57
Table.2. Mean performance of parents and hybrids for various traits

23. Parents/
Crosses
Days to
50%
flowe-
ring
Plant height
at maturity
No. of
branches
per plant
No. of
clusters
/plant
No. of
pods/plant
Days to
maturity
No. of
seeds
/plant
100 seed
weight (g)
Seed yield/
plant (g)
VBN8 x ADT3 41.67 40.33 2.67 6.33 36.67** 73.33 3.33 3.78** 5.23**
VBN8 x ADT5 35.33** 40.13 2 6 31.67 74.33 3.33 3.37 3.23
VBN8 x NANDI 36.67** 40.1 2.33 8.33 38.33** 73.67 2.67 3.37 4.2
VBN8 x VBN 5 40.67 41.5 2.67 5.33 28.33 71.33 3 2.7 2.13
VBN8 x VBN6 41.67 41.8 1.67 5.33 38.67** 73.67 3.33 2.72 1.84
VBN8 x TU 68 38.33** 32.07** 6.00** 13.33** 52.33** 65.33** 6.67** 4.52** 12.20**
NANDI x ADT3 46.67 40.93 1.67 7.33 34.33 74.67 3.33 2.67 2.5
NANDI x ADT5 45.33 41.83 2.33 6 32.33 75.67 3 2.5 2.13
NANDI x VBN8 46.33 40.63 3.67* 7.67 34.67 70.33** 2.67 3.67* 7.30**
NANDI x VBN 5 42.67 41.93 2.33 6.33 36.33** 73.67 3 3.67* 2.23
NANDI x VBN6 44.33 42.57 2.67 6 28.33 71.67 2.67 3.37 2.5
NANDI x TU 68 42.67 41.67 2.67 8.67 27.67 70.33** 3.33 3.43 3.2
VBN5 x ADT 3 44.33 39.23 2.67 7 28.67 71.33 3.33 3.6 3.43
VBN5 x ADT 5 44.33 40.83 2.67 9.67** 30.33 74.67 3.33 3.3 3.2
VBN5 x VBN 8 40.67 42.23 2.33 6.67 34 72.67 3.67 2.5 2.37
VBN5 x NANDI 39.67 41.17 1.67 5.33 32.33 75.67 3.33 3.3 2.7
VBN5 x VBN6 45.33 39.73 2.67 7.67 38.33** 73.33 3.33 3.63* 2.73
VBN5 x TU 68 43.33 40.2 2.67 9.33** 33.33 71.67 3.67 3.5 4.49
(contd…)

24. Parents/
Crosses
Days to
50%
flowe-
ring
Plant height
at maturity
No. of
branches
per plant
No. of
clusters
/plant
No. of
pods/plant
Days to
maturity
No. of
seeds
/plant
100 seed
weight (g)
Seed yield/
plant (g)
VBN6 x ADT3 42.33 38.33** 2.33 7.33 29.33 72 3.33 3.3 2.17
VBN6 x ADT5 46 39.07 2.67 6.67 26.33 73.33 3.67 3.57 2.4
VBN6 x VBN 8 41.67 41.47 3.33* 8.33 34.33 70.33** 3.33 3.47 4
VBN6 x NANDI 39.33* 39.63 2.67 7.33 24.33 73.33 3.33 3.33 3.17
VBN6 x VBN5 44.67 41.5 3 6.33 38.67** 71.67 3.67 3.35 3.3
VBN6 x TU 68 33.67**
35.47** 5.33** 13.33** 53.67** 67.67** 6.00** 5.03** 12.37**
TU 68 x ADT 3 39.33* 39.37 2.33 8 31 76.33 3.33 2.56 2.33
TU 68 x ADT 5 41 38.33** 2.33 9.33** 29.67 74.67 3.33 3.4 2.87
TU 68 x VBN 8 43 41.67 2.67 9.00* 32.67 72.67 3.67 3.63* 7.03**
TU 68 x NANDI 45.67 38.67* 2.33 8.33 30.67 71.67 3.33 3.75** 2.67
TU 68 x VBN5 43.33 40.2 3.33* 5.67 34.67 73.67 3.33 3.52 2.63
TU 68 x VBN6 42.33 41.13 2.67 4.67 33.67 74 3 2.65 2.52
(contd…)

25. SOURCES Df
Days to 50
per cent
flowering
Plant
height at
maturity
Number of
branches
per plant
Number
of
clusters
per plant
Number
of pods
per plant
Days to
maturity
Number
of seeds
per pod
100 seed
weight
Seed
yield per
plant
GCA 6 11.0833 20.21 2.145 10.72 38.12 9.172 1.655 0.508 11.42
SCA 21 14.25 11.06 0.762 3.097 44.91 5.444 0.655 0.347 7.894
RECIPROCAL 21 12.6217 7.223 1.482 6.931 58.49 8.402 1.048 0.472 7.742
ERROR 96 0.1306 0.0875 0.103 0.103 0.221 0.141 0.094 0.008 0.013
GCA/SCA 0.7777 1.827 2.814 3.461 1.178 1.685 2.526 1.466 1.446
TABLE.3. Analysis of variance for combining ability effects for yield and yield attributing
characters

26. Parents DFF PH NOB NOC NOP DTM NOS 100SW SYP
ADT3 -0.03ns 0.80 ** -0.49 ** -1.31** -1.31 ** 0.96 ** -0.34** -0.26 ** -1.30**
ADT5 -1.08** -0.75** 0.37 ** 1.21** 0.67 ** -0.14ns 0.40 ** 0.23 ** 0.57 **
VBN8 -0.63** -0.78 ** 0.44 ** 0.45 ** 2.17 ** -1.14** 0.21 ** -0.09** 0.94 **
NANDI 1.25** 2.11** -0.46 ** -0.57** -2.11** 1.05 ** -0.48** -0.07** -0.53**
VBN5 0.97** 0.61 ** -0.25 ** -0.64** -1.50** 0.29 ** -0.22** -0.15** -0.94**
VBN6 0.29** -0.85 ** 0.20 * 0.21** 1.57 ** -0.47** 0.14ns 0.11 ** 0.50 **
TU 68 -0.77** -1.13 ** 0.18 * 0.64 ** 0.52 ** -0.54** 0.30 ** 0.23 ** 0.76 **
Table 4. Estimation of gca effects for yield and yield attributing traits

27. Estimation of gca effects for yield and yield attributing traits
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
DFF PH NOB NOC NOP DTM NOS 100SW SYP
ADT3
ADT5
VBN8
NANDI
VBN5
VBN6
TU 68

28. CROSSES DFF PH NOB NOC NOP DTM NOS 100S SYP
ADT3 x ADT5 1.34** 1.31 ** -0.54** -1.21 ** -1.10** 1.66 ** -0.68 ** -0.31 ** -1.26 **
ADT3 x VBN 8 2.23** 0.81 ** -0.28 ns -1.62** 0.07ns -0.34ns -0.49 * 0.10 ns -0.55 **
ADT3 x NANDI 0.84** -3.43 ** -0.37 ns 0.41 * 2.36 ** -0.20ns 0.36 ns 0.11 ns 0.04 ns
ADT3 x VBN5 0.80** -4.01 ** 0.08ns 0.14 ns 0.23 ns -0.93 ** 0.27 ns 0.48 ** 0.78 **
ADT 3 x VBN
6
0.96** -0.31ns -0.20 ns 0.62 ** -3.50 ** 0.83 ** -0.09ns -0.14 * -1.08 **
ADT3 x TU 68 -0.97** 1.34** -0.01 ns -0.48 * 0.55 ns 1.90 ** -0.09ns -0.29 ** -1.01 **
ADT5 x VBN8 -6.06** -2.04** 0.53 ** 0.36 ns 7.93 ** -1.41 ** 1.10 ** 0.82 ** 1.44 **
ADT5 x NANDI 2.23** 0.56** -0.06 ns -0.79** 2.55 ** 2.23 ** -0.21ns -0.61 ** -1.21 **
ADT5 x VBN5 0.34ns 3.19** 0.06ns -0.21ns -4.57 ** 1.50 ** -0.47 * -0.14 * -0.91 **
ADT5 x VBN6 0.84** -1.88 ** 0.94 ** 1.43 ** 1.52 ** -1.41 ** 0.84 ** 0.66 ** 1.97 **
ADT5 x TU 68 1.42** 2.00 ** -1.20 ** -0.67** -9.43 ** 1.50 ** -0.83 ** -0.33 ** -2.90 **
VBN8 x NANDI 0.27ns -0.88** 0.03 ns 0.31 ns 1.88 ** 0.07 ns -0.68 ** 0.30 ** 1.04 **
Table 5. Estimation of sca effects for yield and yield attributing traits

29. Estimation of sca effects for yield and yield attributing traits
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
ADT3
x
ADT5
ADT3
x VBN
8
ADT3
x
NANDI
ADT3
x
VBN5
ADT 3
x VBN
6
ADT3
x TU
68
ADT5
x
VBN8
ADT5
x
NANDI
ADT5
x
VBN5
ADT5
x
VBN6
ADT5
x TU
68
VBN8
x
NANDI
SYP
100S
NOS
DTM
NOP
NOC
NOB
PH
DFF

30. CROSSES DFF PH NOB NOC NOP DTM NOS 100S SYP
VBN8 x VBN 5 -0.28ns 2.11** -0.68 ** -1.62** -4.07 ** 0.83 ** -0.28ns -0.54 ** -2.04 **
VBN8 x VBN6 1.39** 3.34** -1.13 ** -1.64 ** -1.81 ** 1.59 ** -0.64 ** -0.30 ** -2.82 **
VBN8 x TU 68 1.46** -1.14** 0.72 ** 2.26 ** 5.24** -1.34 ** 1.03 ** 0.56 ** 3.63 **
NANDI x VBN 5
-1.66** -1.09 ** -0.28ns -0.76** 3.38 ** 1.31 ** 0.25 ns 0.33 ** -0.36 **
NANDI x VBN6 -0.32ns -0.08ns -0.06 ns -0.79 ** -7.69 ** -0.10ns -0.28ns -0.06ns -1.44 **
NANDI x TU 68 3.08** -0.73 ** -0.20 ns 0.62 ** -3.52 ** -1.53 ** -0.11ns 0.06 ns -1.59 **
VBN5 x VBN6 3.13** 0.94 ** -0.11 ns -0.38ns 3.86 ** 0.66 ** -0.04ns 0.16 ** -0.84 **
VBN5 x TU 68 2.53** 0.81 ** 0.08 ns -0.31ns 0.40 ns 0.90 ** -0.21ns 0.06 ns -0.54 **
VBN6 x TU 68 -2.13** 0.37 * 0.63 ** 0.33 ns 7.00 ** -0.17ns 0.44 * 0.13 * 4.92 **
(contd…)

31. Estimation of sca effects for yield and yield attributing traits
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
VBN8 x
VBN 5
VBN8 x
VBN6
VBN8 x
TU 68
NANDI x
VBN 5
NANDI x
VBN6
NANDI x
TU 68
VBN5 x
VBN6
VBN5 x
TU 68
VBN6 x
TU 68
SYP
100S
NOS
DTM
NOP
NOC
NOB
PH
DFF

32. COMPONENT
Days to 50
per cent
flowering
Plant height
Number of
branches per
plant
Number of
clusters per
plant
Number of
pods per
plant
Days to
maturity
Number of
seeds per
pod
100 seed
weight
Seed yield
per plant
D 4.76 34.67* 0.22 2.58* 12.02 2.34 0.08 0.26* 1.44
F 8.31 42.33* -0.16 1.91 17.53 2.61 -0.27 0.21 1.03
H1 34.92* 35.35* 1.52* 8.35* 101.72* 13.46* 1.21* 0.78* 18.61*
H2 28.23* 21.95* 1.32* 5.99* 85.38* 10.60* 1.11* 0.68* 15.76*
h2 42.76* 0.41 1.32* 5.17* 0.22 18.65* 0.17 0.36* 19.77*
E 0.13 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.22 0.14 0.10 0.01 0.01
H2/4H1 0.20 0.16 0.22 0.18 0.21 0.20 0.23 0.22 0.21
[(4D/H1)1/2
+F/ (4D/
H1)1/2 -F]
1.95 4.06 0.76 1.52 1.67 1.61 0.40 1.63 1.22
(H1/D)1/2 2.71 1.01 2.63 1.80 2.91 2.40 3.88 1.74 3.60
h2/H2 1.51 0.02 1.00 0.86 0.003 1.76 0.15 0.53 1.25
h 2n 0.09 0.06 0.63 0.31 0.12 0.20 0.96 0.16 0.25
TABLE.5. Estimates of genetic components of variation for yield and yield attributing traits

33. S.No Hybrids DFF PH NOB NOC NOP DTM NOS 100SW SYP
1 P1 x P2
5.22 **
15.12 ** -41.67 ** -52.94 ** -23.08 ** 7.39 ** -42.86 ** -34.38 ** -78.51 **
2 P1 x P3
11.30 **
16.73 ** -33.33 ** -61.76 ** -11.97 ** 2.96 ** -42.86 ** -33.93 ** -81.53 **
3 P1 x P4
0.87 **
7.37 ** -58.33 ** -52.94 ** -16.24 ** 7.88 ** -35.71 ** -2.68 ** -69.88 **
4 P1 x P5
5.22 **
0.38 ** -50.00 ** -55.88 ** -9.40 ** 8.37 ** -28.57 ** -12.05 * -73.17 **
5 P1 x P6
7.83 **
15.60 ** -33.33 ** -35.29 ** -14.53 ** 10.34 ** -28.57 ** -22.95 ** -67.87 **
6 P1 x P7
0.00 ns
20.42 ** -25.00 ** -52.94 ** -3.42 ** 6.90 ** -21.43 ** -5.00 ** -62.21 **
7 P2 x P1
7.83 **
18.90 ** -41.67 ** -32.35 ** -8.55 ** 12.81 ** -28.57 ** -3.21 ** -66.27 **
8 P2 x P3
-20.87 **
-7.66 * 66.67 ns 20.59 ** 51.28 ** -4.93 ** 57.14 ns 41.96 ** 35.34 **
9 P2 x P4
6.09 **
18.62 ** -16.67 * -17.65 ** 0.00 ** 10.34 ** -21.43 ** -10.71 ** -50.60 **
10 P2 x P5
-2.61 **
27.88 ** -8.33 ns -41.18 ** -28.21 ** 7.39 ** -28.57 ** -10.71 ** -66.14 **
11 P2 x P6
-7.83 **
-4.16 ** 58.33 ns 29.41 ns 29.06 ns -1.48 ** 35.71 ns 38.39 ** 47.79 **
12 P2 x P7
2.61 **
18.34 ** -41.67 ** -23.53 ** -41.03 ** 4.93 ** -21.43 ** -3.57 ns -69.08 **
13 P3 x P1
8.70 **
14.37 ** -33.33 ** -44.12 ** -5.98 ** 8.37 ** -28.57 ** 1.34 ** -36.95 **
14 P3 x P2
-7.83 **
13.80 * -50.00 ns -47.06 ** -18.80 ** 9.85 ** -28.57 ns -9.82 ** -61.04 **
15 P3 x P4
-4.35 **
13.71 ** -41.67 * -26.47 ** -1.71 ** 8.87 ** -42.86 ** -9.82 ns -49.40 **
16 P3 x P5
6.09 **
17.67 ** -33.33 ** -52.94 ** -27.35 ** 5.42 ** -35.71 ** -27.68 ** -74.30 **
17 P3 x P6
8.70 **
18.53 ** -58.33 ** -52.94 ** -0.85 ** 8.87 ** -28.57 ** -27.23 ** -77.83 **
18 P3 x P7
0.00 **
-9.07 ** 50.00 ns 17.65 ns 34.19 ** -3.45 * 42.86 ns 20.98 * 46.99 **
19 P4 x P1
21.74 **
16.07 ** -58.33 ** -35.29 ** -11.97 ** 10.34 ** -28.57 ** -28.57 ** -69.88 **
20 P4 x P2
18.26 ** 18.62 **
-41.67 * -47.06 ** -17.09 ** 11.82 ** -35.71 ** -33.04 ** -74.30 **
21 P4 x P3
20.87 ** 15.22 **
-8.33 * -32.35 ** -11.11 ** 3.94 ** -42.86 ** -1.79 ns -12.05 **
Table 6. Estimation of standard heterosis for yield and yield attributing traits

34. -300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
P1 x
P2
P1 x
P3
P1 x
P4
P1 x
P5
P1 x
P6
P1 x
P7
P2 x
P1
P2 x
P3
P2 x
P4
P2 x
P5
P2 x
P6
P2 x
P7
P3 x
P1
P3 x
P2
P3 x
P4
P3 x
P5
P3 x
P6
P3 x
P7
P4 x
P1
P4 x
P2
P4 x
P3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
SYP
100SW
NOS
DTM
NOP
NOC
NOB
PH
DFF
Estimation of standard heterosis for yield and yield attributing traits

35. S.No Hybrids DFF PH NOB NOC NOP DTM NOS 100SW SYP
22 P4 x P5
11.30 ** 18.90 **
-41.67 ** -44.12 ** -6.84 ** 8.87 ** -35.71 ** -1.79 ns -73.09 **
23 P4 x P6
15.65 ** 20.70 **
-33.33 ** -47.06 ** -27.35 ** 5.91 ** -42.86 ** -9.82 ** -69.88 **
24 P4 x P7
11.30 ** 18.15 **
-33.33 ** -23.53 ** -29.06 ** 3.94 ** -28.57 ** -8.04 ns -61.45 **
25 P5 x P1
15.65 ** 11.25 **
-33.33 ** -38.24 ** -26.50 ** 5.42 ** -28.57 ** -3.57 * -58.63 **
26 P5 x P2
15.65 ** 15.78 **
-33.33 ns -14.71 ** -22.22 ** 10.34 ** -28.57 ** -11.61 ** -61.45 **
27 P5 x P3
6.09 ** 19.75 **
-41.67 ** -41.18 ** -12.82 ** 7.39 ** -21.43 ** -33.04 ** -71.49 **
28 P5 x P4
3.48 ** 16.73 **
-58.33 ** -52.94 ** -17.09 ** 11.82 ** -28.57 ** -11.61 ns -67.47 **
29 P5 x P6
18.26 ** 12.67 **
-33.33 * -32.35 ** -1.71 ns 8.37 ** -28.57 ** -2.68 ns -67.07 **
30 P5 x P7
13.04 ** 13.99 **
-33.33 * -17.65 ** -14.53 ** 5.91 ** -21.43 ** -6.25 ns -45.94 **
31 P6 x P1
10.43 ** 8.70 **
-41.67 ** -35.29 ** -24.79 ** 6.40 ** -28.57 ** -11.61 ** -73.90 **
32 P6 x P2
20.00 ** 10.78 **
-33.33 ns -41.18 ns -32.48 ns 8.37 ** -21.43 ns -4.46 ** -71.08 **
33 P6 x P3
8.70 ** 17.58 **
-16.67 ** -26.47 ** -11.97 ** 3.94 ** -28.57 ** -7.14 ** -51.81 **
34 P6 x P4
2.61 ** 12.38 **
-33.33 ** -35.29 ** -37.61 ** 8.37 ** -28.57 ** -10.71 ** -61.85 **
35 P6 x P5
16.52 ** 17.67 **
-25.00 * -44.12 ** -0.85 ns 5.91 **
-21.43
**
-10.18 ns -60.24 **
36 P6 x P7
-12.17 ns 0.57 **
33.33 ns 17.65 ** 37.61 ** 0.00 ** 28.57 ns 34.82 ns 49.00 **
37 P7 x P1
2.61 ns 11.63 **
-41.67 ** -29.41 ** -20.51 ** 12.81 ** -28.57 ** -31.43 ** -71.89 **
38 P7 x P2
6.96 ** 8.70 **
-41.67 ** -17.65 ** -23.93 ** 10.34 ** -28.57 ** -8.93 ns -65.46 **
39 P7 x P3
12.17 ** 18.15 **
-33.33ns -20.59 ns -16.24 ** 7.39 * -21.43 ns -2.86 * -15.26 **
40 P7 x P4
19.13** 9.64 **
-41.67 ** -26.47 ** -21.37 ** 5.91 ** -28.57 ** 0.45 ns -67.87 **
41 P7 x P5
13.04 ** 13.99 **
-16.67 * -50.00 ** -11.11 ** 8.87 ** -28.57 ** -5.63 ns -68.27 **
42 P7 x P6
10.43 ns 16.64 **
-33.33 ns -58.82 ** -13.68 ** 9.36 ** -35.71 ns -29.11 ns -69.60 **
(
C
o
n
t
d
.
,
)

36. -250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
P4 x
P5
P4 x
P6
P4 x
P7
P5 x
P1
P5 x
P2
P5 x
P3
P5 x
P4
P5 x
P6
P5 x
P7
P6 x
P1
P6 x
P2
P6 x
P3
P6 x
P4
P6 x
P5
P6 x
P7
P7 x
P1
P7 x
P2
P7 x
P3
P7 x
P4
P7 x
P5
P7 x
P6
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
SYP
100SW
NOS
DTM
NOP
NOC
NOB
PH
DFF
Estimation of standard heterosis for yield and yield attributing traits

37. Table.6. Selection of elite parents based on the per se performance and
gca effects of parents
S.NO Characters Per se gca effects
Comparison of
two criteria
1 Days to 50 per cent flowering
TU-68
ADT-3
ADT-5
TU-68
TU-68
2 Plant height at maturity
ADT-5
VBN-8
TU-68
VBN-6
-
3 Number of branches per plant
VBN-8
ADT-5
VBN-8
ADT-5
VBN-8
ADT-5
4 Number of clusters per plant
ADT-5
VBN-8
ADT-5
TU-68
ADT-5
5 Number of pods per plant
ADT-5
VBN-6
VBN-8
VBN-6
VBN-6
6 Days to maturity
ADT-5
VBN-5
VBN-8
TU-68
-
7 Number of seeds per pod
ADT-5
VBN-8
TU-68
ADT-5
TU-68
ADT-5
TU-68
8 100 seed weight
ADT-5
TU-68
ADT-5
TU-68
VBN-6
ADT-5
TU-68
9 Seed yield per plant
ADT-5
VBN-6
VBN-8
TU-68
ADT-5
ADT-5

38. S.N
O
Character Per se sca
Standard
heterosis
Comparison of
three
1 Days to 50 per cent flowering
ADT-5 x VBN-8
VBN-6 x TU-68
ADT-5 x VBN-8
VBN-6 x TU-68
ADT-5 x VBN-8
VBN-8 x ADT-5
ADT-5 x VBN-8
2 Plant height at maturity
VBN-8 x TU-68
ADT-5 x VBN-8
ADT-3x NANDI
ADT-5 x VBN-8
VBN-8 x TU-68
ADT-5 x VBN-8
ADT-5 x VBN-8
3 Number of branches per plant
ADT-5 x VBN-8
ADT-5 x VBN-6
ADT-5 x VBN-6
VBN-8 x TU-68
-
4 Number of clusters per plant
ADT-5 x VBN-6
VBN-6 x TU-68
ADT-5 x VBN-6
VBN-8 x TU-68
ADT-5 x VBN-6
VBN-6 x TU-68
ADT-5 x VBN-6
5 Number of pods per plant
ADT-5 x VBN-8
VBN-6 x TU-68
ADT-5 x VBN-8
VBN-6 x TU-68
ADT-5 x VBN-8
VBN-8 x TU-68
ADT-5 x VBN-8
VBN-6 x TU-68
6 Days to maturity
ADT-5 x VBN-8
VBN-8 x TU-68
NANDI xTU-68
ADT-5 x VBN-8
ADT-5 x VBN-8
VBN-8 x TU-68
ADT-5 x VBN-8
7 Number of seeds per pod
ADT-5 x VBN-8
ADT-5 x VBN-6
ADT-5 x VBN-8
VBN-8 x TU-68
- -
8 100 seed weight
ADT-5 x VBN-8
ADT-5 x VBN-6
ADT-5 x VBN-8
ADT-5 x VBN-6
ADT-5 x VBN-8
ADT-5 x VBN-6
ADT-5 x VBN-8
ADT-5 x VBN-6
9 Seed yield per plant
VBN-6 x TU-68
ADT-5 x VBN-6
VBN-6 x TU-68
VBN-8 x TU-68
VBN-6 x TU-68
ADT-5 x VBN-6
VBN-6 x TU-68
Table.7. Selection of superior hybrids based on per se performance, sca effect
and standard heterosis

39. Best hybrids

41.  Analysis of variance : MSS due to genotypes were significant for all the traits (presence of
considerable variability in the materials used).
 per se performance :
• parent: ADT-5, VBN-8 (plant height at maturity, number of branches per plant, number
of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, days to maturity, number of 100
seed weight, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant).
• Hybrids: VBN-6 x TU-68 and ADT-5 x VBN-8, VBN-8 x TU-68 and ADT-5 x VBN-6.
 Combining ability effects:
• gca effects : ADT-5 ,TU-68, VBN-8, VBN-6
• sca effects : VBN-6 x TU-68 and VBN-8 x TU-68 (number of branches per plant, number
of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant). ADT-5 x
VBN-8 and ADT-5 x VBN-6 (earliness, plant height, number of clusters per plant, number
of branches per plant, number of seeds per plant and 100 seed weight). These chosen
best hybrids also having high per se performance.

42.  Gene action:
• The estimates of variance due to the GCA were higher than the SCA for
most of the traits indicate the presence of additive gene action in the
expression of these traits.
• Predominance of dominance gene action in the expression of days to 50 per
cent flowering.
 Heterosis: Based on heterosis effect, hybrids VBN-6 x TU-68 and VBN-8 x TU-
68 chosen as best combination for seed yield yield followed by ADT-5 x VBN-8
and ADT-5 x VBN-6 show positive and significant heterosis effects.
(Contd.,)

43. 1
• The parentsADT-5, TU-68, VBN-6, VBN-8were rated as best
parents based on theirper seperformance,gcaeffects for most
of the yield attributing traits.
2
• The hybridsVBN-6 x TU-68, VBN-8 x TU-68, ADT-5 x VBN-8
and ADT-5 x VBN-6were asserted as best hybrids based
onper seperformance,scaeffect andheterosis
3
• The estimates of GCA/SCA shows that presence of additive
gene action for most of the traits except days to 50 per cent
flowering
4
• Based on this, we should consider using selection methods
like pure line, mass selection, progeny selection and
hybridization