This thesis presentation summarizes research on genetic variability in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm. The study analyzed 11 wheat genotypes and 2 checks across 15 agronomic traits over 3 replications in a randomized block design. Results showed significant genetic variability among genotypes for traits like plant height, spike length, peduncle length, number of tillers, biological yield, and grain yield. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for peduncle length and biological yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for peduncle length and number of tillers per plant, indicating potential for selection.

1. THESIS PRESENTATION
ON
STUDIES ON GENETIC VARIABILITY IN GERMPLASM OF
BREAD WHEAT
( Triticum aestivum L.)
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES
HIMGIRI ZEE UNIVERSITY
P.O. SHERPUR, CHAKRATA ROAD, DEHRADUN (UTTARAKHAND)-248197
PRESENTED BY
YANKEY BHUTIA
ENROLLMENT . NO : HZU0113000088
COURSE : M.Sc. Agriculture (Genetics and Plant Breeding )
2019

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Objectives
• Materials and Methods
• Observation Recorded
• Statistical Analysis
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusion
• References

3. INTRODUCTION
• Wheat (Triticum aestivum . L ) is a self pollinating annual temperate crop
belonging to the cereal grass family Gramineae and is one of the most important
imperative staple food and feed crop in the world supporting approx. 35% of the
world population for the main consumption.
• It is the most widely grown crop and an essential component of the global food
security mosaic, providing one-fifth of the total calories for the world’s population.
• India is second largest producer of wheat in the world. The area, production, and
productivity of wheat in India in 2017-18 was 29.58 million ha, 99.7 million ton and
33.71 quintal per ha, respectively (ICAR I IWBR, 2018).
• It is grown in all the regions of the country and the states, namely, Uttar Pradesh,
Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharashtra, Gujarat, West
Bengal, Uttarkhand and Himachal Pradesh together contribute about 98% to the total
wheat production of the country and play an important role of supplying carbohydrate
and protein (Tewari et al., 2015).
• For a successful breeding programme , presence of the genetic variability plays a
vital role. With more diverse plants, greater chance to generate productive
recombinant and broad variability in segregating generation during Genetic
improvement Mohammadi and Rosanne, (2003).

4. • A successful selection depends upon the information on the genetic variability and
association of morpho-agronomic traits with grain yield.
• To identify that superior strains (treatments) it is important to have a knowledge of genetic
properties of a population which are phenotypically ,genetically expressible as a
qualitative and quantitative traits.
• The genotypic value that inherited (GCV) and the phenotypic value that ,all non-genetic
circumstances , non-heritable (PCV) that highly influence by the environment .
• The heritability is a good index of the transmission of characters from the parents to their
offspring (Falconer (1981).
• Genetic advance along with heritability helps in understanding the types of gene action
involved in expression of various polygenic traits to makes selection effective for the
breeders.
• The knowledge of genetic variability present in the population, heritability of
economically important characters is very important before initiating an effective
breeding program Begum (2015).

5. OBJECTIVES
On the basis of the multiple uses and economic importance of bread wheat,
“ Studies On Genetic Variability in Germplasm of Bread Wheat
( Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted to identify genetic variability in eleven
genotypes of bread wheat with two checks (PBW-343 ; HD-3086) under fifteen
agronomical traits .
• To study the Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and Phenotypic
coefficient of variation( PCV).
• To study the heritability and genetic advance for yield contributing characters.

6. MATERIALS AND METHODS
• The present investigation was carried out at Himgiri Zee University , Sherpur , Chakrata
Road , Dehradun ( Uttarkhand ) during Rabi season 2018-2019.
• The experimental material for present study comprised of an eleven genotypes and two
checks (PBW-343 ; HD-3086 ) and the Genotypes included are viz., HWG-1; HWG-2;
HWG-3; HWG-4;HWG-5;HWG-6;HWG-7; HWG-8; HWG-9; HWG-10 and HWG-11.

7. • Details of the experiments
• Design Randomized Block Design
• Total No. of Treatments 13
• No. of Replication 3
• Distance
Row to row distance was 23 cm
Plant to plant distance was 5 cm
• Individual plot size 23cm × 5cm
• Area of each Plot 1.15cm2
• Total length of experiment 16.2m
• Total width of experiment 15.47m
• Gross Area 281.88m2
• Net Area 14.97 m2

8. • Layout of the Experimental Field
RI RII RIII
HWG-3 HWG-2
CHECK-1(PBW-343) HWG-11 CHECK-2(HD-3086)
HWG-2 HWG-10 HWG-6
HWG-3 HWG-5 HWG-9
CHECK-2(HD-3086) 60cm HWG-6 60cm HWG-4
HWG-4 HWG-1 HWG-10
HWG-5 HWG-8 HWG-11
HWG-6 HWG-4 HWG-7
HWG-7 HWG-9 HWG-5
HWG-8 HWG-2 CHECK-1(PBW-343)
HWG-9 HWG-7 HWG-8
HWG-10 CHECK-1(PBW-343) HWG-3
HWG-11 CHECK-2(HD-3086) HWG-1
14.97m
16.2m
N
W
S
E
N
S

9. Sl.
No.
CHARACTERS
1 Days to 50 % flowering ( Days)
2 Grain Filling Period (Days)
3 Days to 50 % Maturity ( Days)
4 Plant Height (cm)
5 Spike Length (cm)
6 Peduncle Length (cm)
7 Flag Leaf Area ( cm 2)
8 Tillers per Plants (No.)
9 Biological Yield (g)
10 Spike Weight (g)
11 No. Spikelet per Spike (No.)
12 No. of Grain per Spike (No.)
13 Test Weight (g)
14 Harvest Index (%)
15 Grain Yield per Plant (g)
• OBSERVATION WERE RECORDED FOR CHARACTERS

10. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• The mean sum of squares due to genotype showed significant differences for the characters
Plant height (204.75*), Spike length(2.65*), Peduncle length (34.55*) ,Number of tillers per
plant (0.24*) ,Biological yield ( 50.94*) ,Number of spikelet per spike ( 5.49*) ,Number of
Grain per spike (87.18*) , Test weight (0.43*) ,Harvest index(26.28*) and Grain yield per
plant (6.66*) The experimental results were well supported by the similar findings of Singh
and Upadhyay (2013) , Shankrrao et al., (2010) , Kotal et al., (2010) and Tiwari et al.,
(2017).
• The mean value of genotypes for yield and its components are shown in Table 4.2 and found
highest for Days to maturity (146 days ) observed in HWG-8 followed by Days to 50%
Flowering showed by HWG-3, PBW-343, HWG-8, HWG-10 and by HWG-11.
• The results of estimated variability showed in revealed that High PCV with high GCV was
observed in Peduncle length (cm),Biological yield(g) and in Spike weight (g).

11. • The estimated Heritability and Genetic Advance was presented in table 4.3. The highest
heritability (>60%) was observed as numbers of tillers per plants (73.91 %) and in peduncle
length ( 63.72%).
• High heritability coupled with high Genetic advance in mean percentage was observed in
peduncle length and Number of tillers per plant.

12. Table4.1. Estimated Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of eleven genotypes with two
checks for fifteen characters.
Source of
variation d.f
Days to 50%
flowering
Grain
filling
period
Days to
maturity
Plant
Height
Spike
length
Peduncle
Length
Flag Leaf
Area
No. of
Tillers per
Plant
Replication 2 2.76 0.33 4.92 225.92 1.99 16.86 47.52 0.025
Treatment 12 6.69 1.22 5.54 204.75* 2.65* 34.55* 32.13 0.24*
Error 24 3.76 0.88 5.03 73.38 0.62 5.51 23.1 0.02
S.EM = 1.12 0.54 1.29 4.94 0.45 1.35 2.77 0.092
C.D at (5%) 3.27 1.58 3.78 14.43 1.32 3.95 8.1 0.26
C .V .(%) 1.92 2.15 1.55 8.65 6.02 11.74 13.98 5.16
Source of Variation d.f.
Biological
Yield Spike Weight
No. of
Spikelet per
spike
No. of Grain
per Spike
Test
Weight
Harvest
Index
Grain
yield per
Plant
Replication 2 53.08 0.39 4.34 106.13 0.49 4.92 6.58
Treatment 12 50.94* 0.38* 5.49* 87.18* 0.43* 26.28* 6.66*
Error 24 18.15 0.12 55.26 43.66 0.15 10.37 2.12
S.EM= 2.46 0.203 0.87 3.81 0.22 1.85 0.84
C.D at (5%) 7.18 0.592 2.55 11.13 0.66 5.42 2.45
C.V. (%) 14.43 14.48 7.88 12.07 11.53 8.95 13.51
C.D at 5% level of significance *

13. Table.4.2. Mean performance of Eleven genotypes with two checks forfifteen characters during
season 2018-19.
Sl. No.
Genotypes
Days
to 50%
flowering
(Days)
Grain filling
period
(Days)
Days
to
Maturity
(Days)
Plant
Height
(cm)
Spike
Length
(cm)
Peduncl
e
Length
(cm)
No. of spikelet
per spike
(No.)
No.of
tillers
Per plant
(No.)
1 HWG-1 99 44 143 73.93 12.55 11.57 21 3
2
PBW-343
( CHECK-1) 102 42 145 100.53 14.30 18.80 19 3
3 HWG-2 99 44 143 100.47 12.20 21.60 20 3
4 HWG-3 102 42 144 103.07 13.13 22.83 19 4
5
HD -3086
(CHECK-2) 99 44 143 100.77 12.87 21.47 18 3
6 HWG-4 100 44 144 106.07 13.53 22.14 17 3
7 HWG-5 100 44 144 104.73 14.27 22.07 19 3
8 HWG-6 98 44 142 104.47 13.57 21.00 20 3
9 HWG-7 98 44 142 98.60 12.39 22.47 18 3
10 HWG-8 102 44 146 93.27 12.03 21.30 20 3
11 HWG-9 101 44 145 102.17 12.53 14.60 18 3
12 HWG-10 102 44 146 101.60 13.60 21.77 19 3
13 HWG-11 102 44 146 97.00 13.17 18.27 16 3

14. Sl. No.
Genotypes
Flag Leaf
Area
( cm2 )
No . of
Grain per
spike (No.)
Spike
weight
(g)
Biological
yield
(g)
Test Weight
(g)
Harvest Index
(%)
Grain yield
per plant
(g)
1. HWG-1 33.26 60 2.73 28.72 3.28 32.40 10.73
2.
PBW-343
(CHECK-1) 37.37 54 2.57 28.00 3.29 31.77 10.23
3. HWG-2 37.26 64 2.46 32.20 3.54 42.10 12.20
4. HWG-3 32.28 54 1.88 23.80 3.69 36.43 10.00
5.
HD-3086
(CHECK-2) 32.48 51 2.53 26.60 3.39 32.63 10.13
6. HWG-4 31.68 52 2.36 28.00 3.60 39.40 11.47
7. HWG-5 32.44 53 2.52 34.30 3.82 35.27 10.47
8. HWG-6 33.63 60 2.80 32.90 3.87 38.83 12.67
9. HWG-7 32.90 57 2.29 30.80 3.76 36.17 11.57
10. HWG-8 28.81 50 2.18 28.70 3.28 34.03 9.33
11. HWG-9 37.62 56 3.04 37.80 2.99 36.97 13.60
12. HWG-10 41.04 51 2.48 28.70 3.50 36.37 9.80
13. HWG-11 35.92 43 1.73 24.50 2.47 35.33 8.03
Contd..!

15. Fig. 4.1 . Graph depicting estimated of mean ranges for fifteen characters in common
wheat studying during 2018-19

16. Table 4.3 Estimation of Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation
(PCV), Heritability and Genetic Advance
Characters Mean
Range
PCV
(%)
GCV
(%)
Heritability
(%)
Genetic
Advance
(%)
GAM
(%)
CV
(%)
C.D
(5%)
S.EM
Min Max
Days to 50% flowering 101.72 98.33 106.33 2.32 1.13 23.7 1.14 1.13 1.93 3.27 1.12
Grain filling period 38.87 33.67 43.67 2.29 0.76 11.11 0.23 0.52 2.16 1.59 0.54
Days to Maturity 140.59 135.67 145.00 1.58 0.29 3.28 0.15 0.11 1.55 3.78 1.30
Plant Height 97.07 71.93 105.13 10.94 6.69 37.37 8.33 8.42 8.66 14.44 4.95
Spike length 12.88 12.06 14.63 7.51 4.47 35.49 0.72 5.49 6.03 1.33 0.46
Peduncle length 19.92 10.97 22.83 19.5 15.56 63.72 5.12 25.59 11.74 3.96 1.36
Flag leaf area 35.03 22.14 41.92 14.87 5.05 31.6 1.19 6.21 13.99 8.10 2.78
Number of tillers per plants 3.21 2.67 4.00 10.10 8.69 73.91 0.48 15.39 5.16 0.27 0.09
Biological Yield 29.53 21.23 35.93 18.27 11.20 37.58 4.18 14.14 2.46 3.48 7.18
Spike weight 2.42 1.73 3.04 18.83 12.04 24.94 3.92 7.16 14.48 0.59 0.20
Number of spikelet per spike 19.21 16.53 21.07 9.54 5.36 40.87 0.39 15.85 7.89 2.56 0.88
Number of grains per spike 54.75 43.47 64.67 13.93 6.96 37.46 0.6 14.17 12.07 11.14 3.82
Test weight 3.60 3.09 4.86 14.59 8.94 37.55 0.39 11.29 11.53 0.67 0.23
Harvest index 35.98 31.77 42.10 11.01 6.40 33.84 2.76 7.67 1.86 2.63 5.43
Grain yield per plant 10.79 8.03 13.60 17.68 11.40 4 1.54 1.63 15.13 0.84 1.19 2.46

17. Fig. 4.Graph depicting estimated of GCV and PCV for fifteen characters in common
wheat studying during 2018-19.

18. Fig.4.3. Graph depicting estimated of Genetic Advance for fifteen characters in
common wheat studying during 2018-19.

19. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
• Genotype showed significant differences for the characters Plant height (204.75*), Spike
length(2.65*), Peduncle length (34.55*) ,Number of tillers per plant (0.24*), Biological yield
( 50.94*), Number of spikelet per spike ( 5.49*), Number of Grain per spike (87.18*), Test
weight (0.43*), Harvest index(26.28*) and Grain yield per plant (6.66*) which indicate that
the variation is existed in these characters within the treatments and between the treatments
so , selection for a genotypes through these characters results into a better improvement .
• The genotypes viz., HWG-3,HWG-8, HWG-10,HWG-1 and HWG-11 showed higher values
mean values for a different characters .
• The Grain yield was observed HWG-9(13.60g) followed by HWG-6(12.67g) and HWG-
2(12.20g) .

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25. THANK YOU !