It comprises on mating designs used in plant breeding programs. 6 basic mating designs are briefly explained in it with their requirements as well limiting factors...
This Slideshare covers the description about DUS characterization. parameters of DUS testing, criteria of DUS Testing in tetraploid cotton or American cotton
Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as percen...Premier Publishers
Field experiment was conducted to estimate genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as a percent mean and character association for forty nine genotypes of Ethiopian mustards collected from different agro ecologies. The experiment was carried out in a simple lattice design. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for all traits compared. The significant difference indicates the existence of genetic variability among the accessions which is important for improvement. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variations were observed in seed yield per plot, oil yield per plot, and plant height. This shows that selection of these traits based on phenotype may be useful for yield improvement. The highest heritability in broad sense was recorded for thousand seed weight (68.80%) followed by days to flowering (65.91%), stand percent (63.14%), linolenic acid(62.58%), days to maturity (60.43%), plant height (59.63%), palmitic acid (58.19%), linoleic acid (57.46%),oil content (50.33%), oil yield (44.84%), seed yield per plot(42.99%),and primary branches(34.20%). This suggests that large proportion of the total variance was due to the high genotypic and less environmental variance. In the correlation coefficient analysis, seed yield per plot showed positive correlation with oil content, oil yield, plant height and seed yield per plant. In the path analysis, number of primary branches and oil yield showed positive direct effect on seed yield per plot. In this study, seed yield per plot, oil content, oil yield and primary branches were found to be the most important components for the improvement of seed and oil. Therefore more emphasis should be given for highest heritable traits of mustard and to those positively correlated traits to improve these characters using the tested genotypes.
It comprises on mating designs used in plant breeding programs. 6 basic mating designs are briefly explained in it with their requirements as well limiting factors...
This Slideshare covers the description about DUS characterization. parameters of DUS testing, criteria of DUS Testing in tetraploid cotton or American cotton
Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as percen...Premier Publishers
Field experiment was conducted to estimate genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as a percent mean and character association for forty nine genotypes of Ethiopian mustards collected from different agro ecologies. The experiment was carried out in a simple lattice design. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for all traits compared. The significant difference indicates the existence of genetic variability among the accessions which is important for improvement. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variations were observed in seed yield per plot, oil yield per plot, and plant height. This shows that selection of these traits based on phenotype may be useful for yield improvement. The highest heritability in broad sense was recorded for thousand seed weight (68.80%) followed by days to flowering (65.91%), stand percent (63.14%), linolenic acid(62.58%), days to maturity (60.43%), plant height (59.63%), palmitic acid (58.19%), linoleic acid (57.46%),oil content (50.33%), oil yield (44.84%), seed yield per plot(42.99%),and primary branches(34.20%). This suggests that large proportion of the total variance was due to the high genotypic and less environmental variance. In the correlation coefficient analysis, seed yield per plot showed positive correlation with oil content, oil yield, plant height and seed yield per plant. In the path analysis, number of primary branches and oil yield showed positive direct effect on seed yield per plot. In this study, seed yield per plot, oil content, oil yield and primary branches were found to be the most important components for the improvement of seed and oil. Therefore more emphasis should be given for highest heritable traits of mustard and to those positively correlated traits to improve these characters using the tested genotypes.
Marker assisted breeding in Maize, genotypic selection with the help of markers increases selection efficiency and helps in quicker advancement of breeding programmes.
Topic- Genetic Variability and Stability Analysis in Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
PRESENTED
BY
CHIRANJEEV
Id. No. – 4213, M. Sc. (Ag.)
In the presence of External examiner and Members of Advisory Committee
Venue: Seminar class room
On date: 27/10/2020
DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY MEERUT-250110 (U.P.) India
The presentation was done as part of the course STAT 504 titled Quantitative Genetics in Second Semester of MSc. Agricultural Statistics at Agricultural College, Bapatla under ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance Analysis in Upland Rice...Premier Publishers
The experiment was conducted to assess genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield related traits in some upland rice genotypes. A total of 23 rice genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 at Pawe and Assosa. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for most of the traits at individual and across locations, and error variances of the two locations were homogenous for most of the traits including grain yield. Moreover, the genotypes showed wider variability for grain yield in the range between 3707-6241kg/ha, 4853-7282kg/ha and 4280-6761kg/ha at Pawe, Assosa and over locations, respectively. A relatively high (>20%) phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations were estimated merely for number of unfilled grains per panicle. High heritability estimates (> 60%) were obtained for all of the traits, except plant height and Protein content. A relatively high genetic advance was obtained for traits like unfilled grains per panicle and fertile tiller per plant. Thus, this study revealed that there was higher genetic variability among the tested genotypes, which could be potentially exploited in future breeding programs.
It is method helps for handling segregation population , and maintain the population record for every generation, which helps breeders to select lines and know the pedigree information regarding lines
Marker assisted breeding in Maize, genotypic selection with the help of markers increases selection efficiency and helps in quicker advancement of breeding programmes.
Topic- Genetic Variability and Stability Analysis in Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
PRESENTED
BY
CHIRANJEEV
Id. No. – 4213, M. Sc. (Ag.)
In the presence of External examiner and Members of Advisory Committee
Venue: Seminar class room
On date: 27/10/2020
DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY MEERUT-250110 (U.P.) India
The presentation was done as part of the course STAT 504 titled Quantitative Genetics in Second Semester of MSc. Agricultural Statistics at Agricultural College, Bapatla under ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance Analysis in Upland Rice...Premier Publishers
The experiment was conducted to assess genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield related traits in some upland rice genotypes. A total of 23 rice genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 at Pawe and Assosa. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for most of the traits at individual and across locations, and error variances of the two locations were homogenous for most of the traits including grain yield. Moreover, the genotypes showed wider variability for grain yield in the range between 3707-6241kg/ha, 4853-7282kg/ha and 4280-6761kg/ha at Pawe, Assosa and over locations, respectively. A relatively high (>20%) phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations were estimated merely for number of unfilled grains per panicle. High heritability estimates (> 60%) were obtained for all of the traits, except plant height and Protein content. A relatively high genetic advance was obtained for traits like unfilled grains per panicle and fertile tiller per plant. Thus, this study revealed that there was higher genetic variability among the tested genotypes, which could be potentially exploited in future breeding programs.
It is method helps for handling segregation population , and maintain the population record for every generation, which helps breeders to select lines and know the pedigree information regarding lines
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Screw versus cement for implant prosthesis installation part 2Emil Svoboda
Screw versus Cement, dental implants, 2015, Implant Prosthetics, Crowns and Bridges, Cementation, Screw retained Part 2
Citation:
Screw versus Cement for Implant Prosthesis Installation. Part 2: The Game Changer the Tips the Balance to Favour Intra-oral Cementation. Emil LA Svoboda, Published to www.ReverseMargin.com, November 12, 2015
Role of Pangenomics for crop ImprovementPatelSupriya
It describes about the role of pangenomics in the crop improvement.It includes pangenome,superpangenome,databases,tools used in pangenomics,utilisation in crop improvement
Combining Ability Analysis of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Inbred Lines for Grain Yiel...Premier Publishers
A total of 64 test-crosses generated by crossing 32 elite maize inbred lines with two testers and two standard checks were evaluated for grain yield and yield related traits in 6×11 alpha lattice design replicated twice during 2017 cropping season at Bako National Maize Research Center of Ethiopia with the objective of estimating general and specific combining ability effects of the inbred lines for grain yield and yield related traits. Analysis of variance indicated highly significant mean squares due to genotypes for all the studied traits. Mean squares due to line general combining ability (GCA) were significant for all studied traits whereas, mean square due to tester GCA was significant for all traits, except number of kernels per row and grain yield. Mean squares due to specific combining ability (SCA) effects were significant (P<0.01 or P<0.05) for biomass yield, number of ears per plant and thousand kernel weight. Generally, mean squares due to both lines and testers GCA and SCA of line × tester interactions were significant for grain yield and most yield related traits indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions in controlling these traits.
Principal Component Analysis for Evaluation of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The present study was conducted to study the variability among the genotypes by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to select those that are most suitable for breeding programme. This study included ten quantitative traits. The result of principal component analysis showed that the first four principal components with Eigen value greater than 0.88 contributed about 76.10 per cent of total variation in the population. The variability of the genotypes was interpreted based on four principal components, the first principal component described the yield level, the second principal component described the productivity and quality and the last two principal components described the quality of the fodder which indicating that the identified traits within the axes exhibited great influence on the phenotype and this could be effectively used for selection among the tested entries for further development of Guinea grass varieties with improved fodder yield and quality.
Diallel Analysis of Cowpea Cultivar Ife Brown and its MutantsAI Publications
The present investigation of using half diallel analysis in Cowpea cultivar Ife Brown and its three mutants was conducted at Research plot of Department of Agricultural Technology, Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan, Nigeria during the rainy season of 2017. Four parents were used in this study consisting of three (3) mutants (Ife BPC, Ife Brown Yellow, Ife Brown Crinkled) and one (1) putative parent (Ife Brown) that were derived from the Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. The present study involves four parents and their seven resultant crosses were grown in a completely Randomized Design with five replications. Analysis of variance for general and specific combining ability(GCA and SCA) revealed that only SCA variances were significant for all the characters. Whereas, comparison of the error mean square of GCA in days to flowering, 100 seed weight and seed yield/plant was higher than the error mean square of SCA thus implying that additive gene action played a more important role in the inheritance of these traits than the non-additive (dominance and epistasis) gene action. Among the parents Ife BPC was observed to be the best general combiner for days to flowering and seed yield/plant. Among the crosses the crosses involving Ife Brown Yellow with Ife Brown in pod length and number of seeds/pod while with Ife Brown Crinkled for days to flowering were recorded. It is evident from present investigation that the hybrid combinations exhibited the high per se performance and sca effect for seed yield per plant and highly promising even in respect of other characters could be advanced by selecting desirable segregants and recombinants in each generation for funneling the new genotype or for using further advanced breeding programme. The present study based on two biometrical analysis (combining ability and genetic components of variances) revealed that the additive and non-additive were involved with preponderance of non-additive gene effects in the inheritance of seed yield and its attributes. It is, therefore, suggested that biparental mating, intermatting of elite segregants and selection at later generations should be followed which meets the requirement of utilizing both types of gene actions.
Correlation and Path analysis studies among yield and yield related traits in...Premier Publishers
The16 Soybean genotypes were evaluated for Association of characters and path coefficient analysis on eleven important yield and grain yield contributing characters at Bako Tibe during the main cropping season of 2015/16. The experiment was designed as RCBD with three- replication. Generally, the magnitudes of genotypic correlation coefficients for most of the characters were higher than their corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients that indicate the presence of inherent association among various characters. In this study yield was positively correlated with hundred seed weight, number of seed/pod and number of pod per plant so, increasing these traits ultimately increases in grain yield and days to maturity can be exploited through improvement and selection program. Based on findings it can be concluded that pod length, number of pod /plant, biological yield, grain yield and days to maturity can be exploited through selection and improvement program to develop high yielding soybean genotypes.
VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN 6 GENOTYPES OF Lentil (Lens culinaris) AT IAAS, PAKLIHAWA, RUPANDEHI, NEPAL. This research had been undertaken as a part of UPA (Undergraduate Practicum Assessment)
Analysis of Yield Factors in Earliness Related Traits and Yield in Pigeonpeaijtsrd
Pigeonpea productivity is greatly constrained by poor plant ideotype of existing Indian cultivars. Enhancing pigeonpea yield demands a renewed focus on restructuring the ideal plant type by using more efficient approaches like genomic tools. Pigeonpea Cajanus cajan L. Millsp. belongs to the tribe Phaseoleae in the family Leguminosae .Although conventional breeding in pigeonpea has delivered a range of cultivars catering to the demand of wider farming community, remodeling of plant type through deploying modern genomic tools has not yet been started . VB Singh | SS Kashyap | AK Singh "Analysis of Yield Factors in Earliness Related Traits and Yield in Pigeonpea" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42489.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comother-scientific-research-area/other/42489/analysis-of-yield-factors-in-earliness-related-traits-and-yield-in-pigeonpea/vb-singh
Similar to Assesment of genetic divergence in chickpea kabuli cultivars (20)
cultivation of rice
paddy cultivation
Introduction
Morphology of Paddy (Rice)
Classification
Special characteristics
sowing time /बोने का समय
Verities/ किस्मे
Seed Rate /बीजदर
plant distance /पोध अंतराल
Fertilizer खाद एवं उर्वरक
Irrigation / सिचाई
Disease, insect and weed /रोग, कीट एवं खरपतवार
MP PSC ADA \\ Assistant Director of Agriculture Naveen Jakhar
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CG ADA CG PSC ADA || Assistant Director of Agriculture old question paper Naveen Jakhar
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परागण (Pollination): परागकणों (Pollengrains) के परागकोष (Anther) से मुक्त होकर उसी जाति के पौधे के जायांग (Gynoecium) के वर्तिकाग्र (stigma) तक पहुँचने की क्रिया को परागण कहते हैं।
परागण के प्रकार Type of Pollination:
परागण दो प्रकार के होते हैं-
स्वपरागण (self Pollination): जब एक पुष्प के परागकण उसी पुष्प के वर्तिकाग्र पर या उसी पौधे पर स्थित किसी अन्य पुष्प के वर्तिकाग्र पर पहुँचता है, तो इसे स्वपरागण कहते हैं।
पर-परागण (Cross pollination): जब एक पुष्प का परागकण उसी जाति के दूसरे पौधे पर स्थित पुष्प के वर्तिकाग्र पर पहुँचता है, तो उसे पर-परागण कहते हैं। पर-परागण कई माध्यमों से होता है। पर परागण पौधों के लिए उपयोगी होता है। पर-परागण के लिए किसी माध्यम की आवश्यकता होती है। वायु, कीट, जल या जन्तु इस आवश्यकता की पूर्ति करते हैं।
परागण की विधियां (Methods of pollination): परागण की निम्नलिखित विधियां हैं–
वायु परागण (Anemophilous): वायु द्वारा परागण
कीट परागण (Entomophilous): कीट द्वारा परागण
जल परागण (Hydrophilous): जल द्वारा परागण
जन्तु परागण (zoophilous): जन्तु द्वारा परागण
पक्षी परागण (Ornithophilous): पक्षियों द्वारा परागण
मेलेकोफिलस (Malacophilous): घोंघे द्वारा परागण
चिरोप्टोफिलस (Chiroptophilous): चमगादड़ द्वारा परागण
निषेचन (Fertilization): परागण के पश्चात निषेचन की क्रिया प्रारम्भ होती है। परागनली (Pollen tube) बीजाण्ड (ovule) में प्रवेश करके बीजाण्डासन को भेदती हुई भ्रूणपोष (Endosperm) तक पहुँचती है और परागकणों को वहीं छोड़ देती है। इसके पश्चात् एक नर युग्मक एक अण्डकोशिका से संयोजन करता है। इसे ही निषेचन कहते हैं। अब निषेचित अण्ड (Fertilized egg) युग्मनज (zygote) कहलाता है। यह युग्मनज बीजाणुभिद की प्रथम इकाई है।
निषेचन के पश्चात बीजाण्ड से बीज, युग्मनज से भ्रूण (embryo) तथा अण्डाशय से फल का निर्माण होता है। आवृत्तबीजी पौधों (Angiospermic plants) में निषेचन को त्रिक संलयन (Triple fusion) कहते हैं।
Flower \ morphology of plant \flower structure and functions Naveen Jakhar
पुष्प Flowers
पुष्पीय पौधों में पुष्प एक अत्यन्त महत्त्वपूर्ण अंग है। आकारकीय (Morphological) रूप से पुष्प एक रूपान्तरित प्ररोह (स्तम्भ) है जिस पर गाँठे तथा रूपान्तरित पुष्पी पत्तियाँ लगी रहती हैं। पुष्प प्रायः तने या शाखाओं के शीर्ष अथवा पत्ती के अक्ष (Axil) में उत्पन्न होकर प्रजनन (Reproduction) का कार्य करती है तथा फल एवं बीज उत्पन्न करता है।
पुष्प की रचना: पुष्प एक डंठल द्वारा तने से सम्बद्ध होता है। इस डंठल को वृन्त या पेडिसेल (Pedicel) कहते हैं। वृन्त के सिरे पर स्थित चपटे भाग को पुष्पासन या थेलामस (Thalamus) कहते हैं। इसी पुष्पासन पर पुष्प के विविध पुष्पीय भाग (Floral Parts) एक विशेष प्रकार के चक्र (Cycle) में व्यवस्थित होते हैं।
पुष्प के चार मुख्य भाग होते हैं-
बाह्य दलपुंज (Calyx),
दलपुंज (Corolla),
पुमंग (Androecium)
जायांग (Gynoecium)
Agriculture important questions for all agriculture exam Naveen Jakhar
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Agriculture - Current Affairs Questions important questions for exam point of view ...important for AFO bank exam and other Agriculture related exams ...
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
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Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
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(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Assesment of genetic divergence in chickpea kabuli cultivars
1. Synopsis for M.Sc (Ag) GPB
on
ASSESMENT OF GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN CHICKPEA KABULI CULTIVARS (Cicer kabulium
L.) AND INTERRELATIONSHIP STUDIES WITH SEED YEILD
Submitted By:NAVEEN JAKHAR
I.D NO.-14MSCGPB037
I
Under the Supervision of
Dr. G.M.Lal
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences
(Formerly Allahabad Agricultural Institute)
Deemed-to-be University, Allahabad
3. INTRODUCTION
• Chick pea (Cicer kabulium) – Known as white or kabuli gram (2n=2x=16)
• It belong to the Family leguminoseae.
• Originated from South East Turkey. Basically Grown in temperate region and has poor
yield potential as compared to brown or desi gram.
The knowledge of genetic diversity is an useful tool in gene-bank management,
identification and/or elimination of duplicates in the gene stock and establishment of
core collections.
4. Genetic diversity among the parents is a prerequisite to improve the chances of
selecting better segregants for various characters. The more diverse the parents
within reasonable limits, the more are the chances of improving the characters
under consideration.
Quantification of genetic diversity in existing group of germplasm for yield and its
components is very important in planning breeding programme of crop plants. It
not only helps in selection of parents to get superior recombinants but also in
understanding the pattern of variation for different characters and hence improving
choices of selecting better segregants for various important traits.
5. -Area( lakh ha), Production (lakh tonnes), Productivity (kg/ha) of chickpea
Particulars Area Production Productivity
World 131.05 104.66
India 88.32 58.9 799.19
Uttar
Pradesh
5.05 3.78 748.51
Source- www.agropedia.iitk.ac.in
• Nutritional Importance (Per 100 g edible portion)
Moisture - 23.1g, Carbohydrate – 27.42 g,
Protein - 39 g, Fat – 2.59 g
6. OBJECTIVES
To estimate the genetic variability of different plant characters of economic importance and
their heritability pattern.
To study association pattern among various traits and their direct and indirect effect on yield.
.For further crop improvement with desired character combinations, it is required to hybridize
diverse parents and for this, a measure of genetic diversity in the available genotypes is
required.
7. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Location and experimental site - The present
study will be carried out at the Field
Experimentation Centre of the Department of
Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHIATS.
Allahabad; U.P.
LIST OF GENOTYPES:-
S.NO. Name of Genotypes S.
N
O.
Name of Genotypes
1 ENTRY NO.- 23124 15 ENTRY NO -23145
2 ENTRY NO -23147 16 ENTRY NO -23142
3 ENTRY NO -23117 17 ENTRY NO -23157
4 ENTRY NO -23148 18 ENTRY NO -23123
5 ENTRY NO -23129 19 ENTRY NO -23132
6 ENTRY NO -23154 20 ENTRY NO -23150
7 ENTRY NO -23106 21 ENTRY NO -23130
8 ENTRY NO -23126 22 ENTRY NO -23118
9 ENTRY NO -23120 23 ENTRY NO -23114
10 ENTRY NO -23102 24 ENTRY NO -23139
11 ENTRY NO -23156 25 ENTRY NO -23121
12 ENTRY NO -23108 26 ENTRY NO -23105
13 ENTRY NO -23144 27 ENTRY NO -23103
14 ENTRY NO -23112 28 ENTRY NO -23153
29 ENTRY NO -23109 36 ENTRY NO -21135
30 ENTRY NO -23141 37 ENTRY NO -23159
31 ENTRY NO -23153 38 ENTRY NO -23127
32 ENTRY NO -23138 39 ENTRY NO -23115
33 ENTRY NO -23136 40 ENTRY NO -23111
34 ENTRY NO -23160 41 ENTRY NO -23101
35 ENTRY NO -23142 42 CHECK
8. LAYOUT DESCRIPTION
Season : Rabi-2014
Crop : chickpea (kabuli)
Number of genotypes : 42
Design of experiment : RBD (Randomized Block Design)
Number of replications : 3
Row to Row distance : 30cm
Plant to Plant distance : 15 cm
Recommended dose : 20:40:40 NPK (kg/ha)
Gross area : 225m2
Net area : 156m2
Date of sowing : 10/12/ 2014
Date of harvesting : 29/04/2015
9. OBSERVATIONS TO BE RECORDED
Observations for all the traits will be recorded on five randomly selected plants from each replication and
from each plot except for days to 50% flowering and days to maturity where the observation will be recorded
on plot basis:
• Days to 50% flowering
• Plant height (cm)
• Number of primary branches
• Number of pods per plant
• Number of seed per pod
• Days to maturity
• Seed index (g)
• Biological yield (g)
• Seed yield per plant(g)
• Harvest index (%)
10. METHODOLOGY
1. Days to 50 % flowering
-Number of days will be recorded from the date of sowing to the date of maximum flowering in 50% of the plants of a plot.
2. Plant height (cm)
-The plant height will be measured from base of the plant to the tip of the main shoot for five randomly select plants with the
help of scale.
3. Number of primary branches per plant
-The total number of branches originating from the main stem of five plants will be counted.
4. Number of pods per plant
-The total number of pods from five randomly select plants will be counted manually from each plot.
5. Number of seeds per pod
-Seed per pod will be counted from randomly select pods per plant.
6. Days to maturity
-Number of days will be counted from the date of sowing to the pod maturity in 50% of the plants of a plot.
11. 7. Seed index (g)
-Samples of 100 randomly select seeds will be taken from each plant and weight it.
8. Biological yield per plant (g)
-The total dry matter produce by a crop is known as biological yield.
9. Seed yield per plant (g)
- The seed weight of five randomly select plants will be recorded from each plot.
10. Harvest Index (%)
-The value of harvest index will be calculated from the following formula given by Donald and Hamblin
(1976).
Economic yield (Seed yield)
Harvest Index = ----------------------------------------- x 100
Biological yield
12. STATISTICALANALYSIS
1. Analysis of variance ( Fisher, 1936)
2. Coefficient of variation (Burton, 1952) :
- Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV)
-Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV)
3. Estimation of heritability.
4. D2 analysis (Mahalanobsis, 1936)
13. 1. Analysis of variance (Fisher, 1936)
The analysis of variance will worked out to test the signification of f -tests. It will be done according to the
procedure of randomized complete block design for each character as per methodology suggested by
Fisher (1936). The total variance and degree of freedom will partition in to three components viz.
replication, treatment and error.
2. Coefficient of variation (Burton, 1952)
GCV: It measures the extent of variability present due to genotype in the given population.
PCV: It measures the extent of variability present due to genotype as well as environment in the
population
3. Estimation of heritability:
Heritability (h2) will be worked out by using formula suggested by Burton and Devane (1953). It helps in
estimation of proportion of variation that is due to genotype effects, that is the heritable portion of variation.
If heritability of a character is very high then selection for that character will be fairly easy
14. 4. D2 analysis (Mahalanobsis, 1936)
D2 analysis is use for the study of genetic divergence in the various breeding materials. The
D2 values based on the mean of genotypes results in classifying the genotypes into distinct
clusters with help of cluster diagram including within and between cluster distance. Genotype
of same cluster have little divergence from each other as compared to genotypes present in two
different clusters
15. EXPECTED OUTCOME
- Selection of divergent parents will be further used in hybridization and breeding
programme
- Choosing parents belonging to the maximum divergent clusters are expected to manifest
maximum heterosis in crossing and wide variability in genetic architecture.
- Crosses may be attempted between the genotype of cluster separated by large inter- cluster
distance will give a desirable transgressive segregants.
16. REFERENCES
- Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations. 2010. FAO Statistical Database. Available at
http://faostat.fao.org/FAO,Rome.
-www.agropedia.iitk.ac.in
- Singh, B.D. (2012). Plant breeding: Principles and Methods. Kalyani Publishers, p. 896.
- Syed, M.A., Islam, M.R., Hossainm, M.S., Alam, M. and Amin, M.N.(2012). -Genetic divergence in chickpea
(Cicer arietinum L.).Bangladesh J. Agric. Res. 37(1): 129-136
-Singh, R.K. and Chaudhary, B.D. (1999). Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetics Analysis, Kalyani
publishers, pp: 318
-Kumar, A., R. Krishna, and S.K. Chaturvedi, (1998).-Genetic divergence in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Ind. J.
Genet. Plant Bree d., 58(3): 337-342
-Kumar, N., (1997). Genetic diversity among chickpea accession. Ind. J. Genet. Plant Breed., 57(1): 12-15.