Dewatering System
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The document discusses two methods for controlling water levels around excavation sites: deep well systems and wellpoint systems. Deep well systems use individual wells with submersible pumps that can lower water levels over 100 feet in depth, making them suitable for deep excavations. Wellpoint systems consist of multiple wellpoints connected to a common header and pump, allowing them to dewater sites where water needs to be lowered up to 20 feet. The deep well system is best for deep, homogeneous aquifers, while the wellpoint system works well in shallow aquifers requiring less lowering of the water table.
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Dewatering by well point system
A well point system consists of multiple well points spaced around an excavation site that are connected to a header pipe and pump. The well points are driven or jetted into the ground and draw groundwater into the riser pipes. This water is then pumped out through the header pipe. Spacing of well points typically ranges from 0.75m to 3m, though clay seals and sand filters can improve performance in silts. Well point systems are effective in sandy soils and can lower groundwater levels up to 5-6 meters, making them a relatively cheap and flexible dewatering option. However, they are not effective beyond 4-6 meters of drawdown and may require multiple stages.
Pumping Stations
Pumping stations are necessary to lift wastewater in certain situations, such as when sewage needs to be pumped over ridges or into treatment plants at higher elevations. A pumping station contains elements like grit channels, screens, a wet well, dry well housing pumps, and rising mains to transport sewage to higher gravity sewers. Proper design considers flow rates, sediment removal, pump access and reliability, and connections to discharge sewage safely.
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The presentation discussed various methods of dewatering on construction sites, including sump pumping, wellpoint systems, ejector wells, ground freezing, and deep wells. It described the purpose of dewatering, factors that influence selection of methods, and advantages and limitations of each approach. The methods vary in their suitability based on soil type, required depth of drawdown, and other site-specific factors. Proper dewatering is important for construction efficiency and stability.
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The document discusses low-cost sanitation systems, specifically septic tanks. It describes how septic tanks work and the situations where they are suitable. Septic tanks are underground structures that use anaerobic bacteria to treat wastewater and are used where sewer systems are not available. The document outlines the components, design considerations, and disposal methods for effluent from septic tanks, including soak pits and dispersion trenches which allow the liquid to absorb into the soil. Design examples are provided to demonstrate how to size a septic tank and calculate the area required for effluent disposal trenches.
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Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
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This chapter discusses irrigation structures at the head of canals, known as diversion head works. The objectives of diversion head works are to raise water levels, form storage areas, control silt and water level fluctuations. The key components discussed are weirs, barrages, under-sluices, divide walls, river training works like guide banks and spurs/groynes, fish ladders, and silt regulation works. Weirs are distinguished from barrages based on how ponding is achieved. Typical layouts of head works and structures like concrete, masonry and rock-fill weirs are presented.
Wash boring
For full course visit our website
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Description
Wash boring is a fast and simple method for advancing holes in all types of soils.
Boulders and rock cannot be penetrated by this method.
The method consists in first driving a casing through which a hollow drill rod with a sharp chisel or chopping bit at the lower end is inserted.
Water is forced under pressure through the drill rod which is alternately raised and dropped and also rotated.
The resulting chopping and jetting action of the bit and water disintegrate the soil.
The cutting is forced up to the ground surface in the form of soil − water slurry through the annular space between the drill rod and the casing.
The change of soil stratification could be guessed from the rate of progress and the colour of wash water.
The samples recovered from the wash water are almost valueless for interpreting the correct geotechnical properties of soil.
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Follow #MachenLink
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/machenLink/
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Dewatering by well point system
A well point system consists of multiple well points spaced around an excavation site that are connected to a header pipe and pump. The well points are driven or jetted into the ground and draw groundwater into the riser pipes. This water is then pumped out through the header pipe. Spacing of well points typically ranges from 0.75m to 3m, though clay seals and sand filters can improve performance in silts. Well point systems are effective in sandy soils and can lower groundwater levels up to 5-6 meters, making them a relatively cheap and flexible dewatering option. However, they are not effective beyond 4-6 meters of drawdown and may require multiple stages.
Pumping Stations
Pumping stations are necessary to lift wastewater in certain situations, such as when sewage needs to be pumped over ridges or into treatment plants at higher elevations. A pumping station contains elements like grit channels, screens, a wet well, dry well housing pumps, and rising mains to transport sewage to higher gravity sewers. Proper design considers flow rates, sediment removal, pump access and reliability, and connections to discharge sewage safely.
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The presentation discussed various methods of dewatering on construction sites, including sump pumping, wellpoint systems, ejector wells, ground freezing, and deep wells. It described the purpose of dewatering, factors that influence selection of methods, and advantages and limitations of each approach. The methods vary in their suitability based on soil type, required depth of drawdown, and other site-specific factors. Proper dewatering is important for construction efficiency and stability.
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This document provides information on sewage apparatus types including manholes, flushing tanks, and catch basins. It describes manholes as access points for sewer inspection and maintenance, with spacing guidelines based on pipe diameter. Manhole types include shallow, normal, and deep. Flushing tanks are used where sewers lack self-cleansing velocity, and come in hand operated or automatic styles. Catch basins admit clear rainwater to combined sewers while preventing grit and debris from entering.
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The document discusses low-cost sanitation systems, specifically septic tanks. It describes how septic tanks work and the situations where they are suitable. Septic tanks are underground structures that use anaerobic bacteria to treat wastewater and are used where sewer systems are not available. The document outlines the components, design considerations, and disposal methods for effluent from septic tanks, including soak pits and dispersion trenches which allow the liquid to absorb into the soil. Design examples are provided to demonstrate how to size a septic tank and calculate the area required for effluent disposal trenches.
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This chapter discusses irrigation structures at the head of canals, known as diversion head works. The objectives of diversion head works are to raise water levels, form storage areas, control silt and water level fluctuations. The key components discussed are weirs, barrages, under-sluices, divide walls, river training works like guide banks and spurs/groynes, fish ladders, and silt regulation works. Weirs are distinguished from barrages based on how ponding is achieved. Typical layouts of head works and structures like concrete, masonry and rock-fill weirs are presented.
Wash boring
For full course visit our website
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Description
Wash boring is a fast and simple method for advancing holes in all types of soils.
Boulders and rock cannot be penetrated by this method.
The method consists in first driving a casing through which a hollow drill rod with a sharp chisel or chopping bit at the lower end is inserted.
Water is forced under pressure through the drill rod which is alternately raised and dropped and also rotated.
The resulting chopping and jetting action of the bit and water disintegrate the soil.
The cutting is forced up to the ground surface in the form of soil − water slurry through the annular space between the drill rod and the casing.
The change of soil stratification could be guessed from the rate of progress and the colour of wash water.
The samples recovered from the wash water are almost valueless for interpreting the correct geotechnical properties of soil.
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Follow #MachenLink
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/machenLink/
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/machenlink/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MachenLink
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This document provides information about construction dewatering and permanent groundwater control techniques. It discusses the differences between construction dewatering, which involves temporarily lowering the groundwater table during construction, and permanent groundwater control, which blocks long-term groundwater flow. Various dewatering techniques are described, including sump pumping, shallow wells, well points, and deep wells. Methods for permanent groundwater control include ground freezing, slurry trench walls, steel sheet piling, grouted barriers, thin grouted membranes, contiguous piling, diaphragm walls, and grouting. The document also provides examples of applying these techniques and outlines their advantages and disadvantages.
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This document discusses three types of dewatering systems:
1. Open dewatering systems utilize sumps along excavation slopes and centrifugal pumps to directly remove groundwater. They are easy to install and operate.
2. Well point dewatering systems lower groundwater levels for large construction sites using well points installed along trenches, connected to headers and pumped by gravity or vacuum.
3. Deep well dewatering systems lower groundwater to considerable depths using submersible pumps in wells over 150mm in diameter, with discharge pipes connected to a common line.
Dewatering techniques
Dewatering is the process of removing water from construction sites to allow excavation work to be done safely and efficiently below the water table. There are several reasons why dewatering is needed, including providing a dry work area, improving stability, and increasing safety. Common dewatering techniques include sump pumping, well points, deep wells, and trenches. Each method has advantages and disadvantages depending on the site conditions and depth of water lowering required. Proper planning and design of a dewatering system is important to effectively control groundwater and allow construction work to progress smoothly.
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Groundwater Engineering is an international company that specializes in dewatering, groundwater control, and water well engineering for construction, mining, and oil and gas clients. The document defines dewatering as pumping from wells or sumps to lower groundwater levels and allow excavations below the water table. It describes commonly used dewatering techniques like sump pumping, wellpoints, deepwells and eductor wells. Less common techniques including horizontal wellpoints, relief wells, artificial recharge and groundwater remediation are also outlined.
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Dewatering System
- 2. The deep well system is also a versatile predrainage dewatering system which can pump high and low volumes of groundwater. This method is best suited to homogeneous aquifers that extend well below the bottom of the excavation. Deep well systems consist of one or more individual wells, each of which has its own submersible pump at the bottom of the well. Deep well systems are suitable for water-table or confined aquifers and will lower the water table 100 feet or more in a single lift without staging.
- 7. The wellpoint system is one of the most versatile of pre-drainage methods which can pump a few gallons per minute in fine sandy silts or many thousands of gallons per minute in coarse sands and gravels. A wellpoint system consists of a number of wellpoints spaced along a trench or around an excavation site, all connected to a common header, which is attached to one or more wellpoint pumps. A wellpoint systems are most suitable in shallow aquifers where the water level needs to be lowered no more than 15 or 20 feet. Due to the vacuum limitation of the pump, excavations that are deeper will require multiple stages of wellpoint systems. When designing a wellpoint system, it is necessary to give first consideration to the physical conditions of the site to be dewatered.
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