The document discusses search engines and how they have evolved over time. It explains that early search engines ranked results based mainly on content, while modern engines also consider factors like page structure, popularity, and reputation. The document provides definitions of key search-related terms and outlines some of the main components and processes involved in how search engines work, such as crawling websites, indexing pages, and ranking results. It also discusses different types of search tools and how to choose the best one depending on your information needs.
This document discusses semantic search and how it can improve traditional information retrieval systems. It provides examples of how semantic search uses structured data and schemas to better understand user intent and content meaning. This allows semantic search to enhance various stages of the information retrieval process from query interpretation to result presentation. The document also outlines the growing adoption of semantic web standards like RDFa and schema.org to expose structured data on webpages.
Lost in the Net: Navigating Search EnginesJohan Koren
This document discusses search engines and how they work. It defines a search engine as a computer program that uses clusters of computers to search the web or a specific site for keywords or phrases entered by users. It explains that search engines build indexes of words found on webpages and their locations, and allow users to search those indexes. It also discusses how search engines rank pages based on algorithms and factors like keywords, and how personalization means results vary between users and search engines.
The document discusses issues with how computer science has directed the development of search systems, focusing on efficiency over user experience. It argues search systems have paid minimal attention to the user experience beyond results relevance and ad-matching. The goal of the plenary is to inspire designing search experiences that do more than just sell products well.
Search engines crawl and index billions of webpages to provide relevant answers to user queries. They analyze hundreds of ranking factors like links, content, and freshness to determine the most important results. However, search engines have technical limitations and cannot see content hidden in things like Flash, frames, or non-HTML text. To be visible, content must be structured for both search engine bots and human visitors. Optimization helps satisfy both through compromises in webpage design.
Search engines crawl billions of webpages to build an index and provide relevant search results. They use links between pages to efficiently discover and index content, storing snippets of text and metadata in vast data centers. Complicated algorithms rank results based on over 100 factors related to relevance and popularity to return the most useful pages for a user's query within seconds. Search engine optimization aims to understand and influence these algorithms through on-page and off-page techniques.
Internet Research: Finding Websites, Blogs, Wikis, and Moreeclark131
The document discusses different types of internet resources including search engines, directories, blogs, wikis, and the invisible web. It provides examples of popular search engines, directories, blogs, and wikis. It also discusses different types of invisible web content that may not be indexed by typical search engines and provides an example of an invisible web search tool.
This document discusses semantic search and how it can improve traditional information retrieval systems. It provides examples of how semantic search uses structured data and schemas to better understand user intent and content meaning. This allows semantic search to enhance various stages of the information retrieval process from query interpretation to result presentation. The document also outlines the growing adoption of semantic web standards like RDFa and schema.org to expose structured data on webpages.
Lost in the Net: Navigating Search EnginesJohan Koren
This document discusses search engines and how they work. It defines a search engine as a computer program that uses clusters of computers to search the web or a specific site for keywords or phrases entered by users. It explains that search engines build indexes of words found on webpages and their locations, and allow users to search those indexes. It also discusses how search engines rank pages based on algorithms and factors like keywords, and how personalization means results vary between users and search engines.
The document discusses issues with how computer science has directed the development of search systems, focusing on efficiency over user experience. It argues search systems have paid minimal attention to the user experience beyond results relevance and ad-matching. The goal of the plenary is to inspire designing search experiences that do more than just sell products well.
Search engines crawl and index billions of webpages to provide relevant answers to user queries. They analyze hundreds of ranking factors like links, content, and freshness to determine the most important results. However, search engines have technical limitations and cannot see content hidden in things like Flash, frames, or non-HTML text. To be visible, content must be structured for both search engine bots and human visitors. Optimization helps satisfy both through compromises in webpage design.
Search engines crawl billions of webpages to build an index and provide relevant search results. They use links between pages to efficiently discover and index content, storing snippets of text and metadata in vast data centers. Complicated algorithms rank results based on over 100 factors related to relevance and popularity to return the most useful pages for a user's query within seconds. Search engine optimization aims to understand and influence these algorithms through on-page and off-page techniques.
Internet Research: Finding Websites, Blogs, Wikis, and Moreeclark131
The document discusses different types of internet resources including search engines, directories, blogs, wikis, and the invisible web. It provides examples of popular search engines, directories, blogs, and wikis. It also discusses different types of invisible web content that may not be indexed by typical search engines and provides an example of an invisible web search tool.
Faceted Navigation of User-Generated Metadata (Calit2 Rescue Seminar Series 2...Bradley Allen
Faceted navigation relies on metadata to organize and navigate large collections of information. Users are becoming an important source of metadata in the form of user-generated tags and annotations. By combining user-generated metadata with traditional subject indexing, new applications of faceted navigation can be created that bridge folksonomies and taxonomies to provide more compelling ways to explore and discover online information.
Searching the internet information and assessmentnollyris
Here are the key points assessed in the document:
I. Using ForSuRE
A. ForSuRe is an organizational strategy to follow a search plan with four steps: Focus, Strategize, Refine, Evaluate.
B. Questions to ask at each step:
- Focus: What information do I need? How can I define my question?
- Strategize: What keywords/search terms/sources will I use?
- Refine: How can I improve my search results?
- Evaluate: Did I find appropriate sources for my question?
II. Search Engines & Metasearch Engines
A. Search engines directly search the web. Metasearch engines gather results from multiple search engines
This document describes research into understanding user goals in web search. The researchers developed a framework that categorizes search goals into navigational, informational, and resource-seeking categories. They then manually classified queries from a search engine log according to this framework. Their analysis suggests that navigational searches are less common than believed, while resource-seeking goals may account for many searches. Understanding search goals could help improve search engines by tailoring results and algorithms to the user's purpose.
This document provides guidance on conducting effective online research. It explains that online research involves using internet resources, especially information on the world wide web, to systematically investigate and study materials to establish facts and reach new conclusions. It recommends starting with a focused question and keywords, then using advanced search techniques like Boolean operators and quotation marks to filter results. It also advises evaluating sources based on criteria like authority, affiliation, audience level, currency, and reliability to find the most credible information from sources like scientific journals and established news sites.
99ways presentation at semtech conference 2009michele minno
This document describes a tool called 99ways that allows users to curate and organize web content in a personalized graph. It allows extracting text, images, videos or audio from web pages and adding them as nodes to the user's graph. Nodes can be described with semantic tags and linked together. Users can browse and discover new content through their own graph and those of friends. The tool aims to provide a more personalized and higher quality web experience guided by user-selected content.
This document provides tips on how small businesses can improve their online visibility and get "discovered" through search engine optimization (SEO) and search engine marketing (SEM). It recommends optimizing key on-page elements like keywords, metadata titles and descriptions, images, and business listing information. It also stresses the importance of off-page SEO factors like backlinks, anchor text, reputation and authority. The document emphasizes applying these techniques consistently across websites, blogs, social media and other online assets to maximize discovery by people searching online. It cautions that SEO is an ongoing process that requires research, optimization, analysis and repetition over many months to achieve results.
Search engines and digital libraries both provide search capabilities but work differently:
- Search engines use crawlers to index the web and return keyword search results, while digital libraries provide access to structured collections of digitized materials from libraries and archives.
- Both have limitations in coverage, and searching must be done individually in different databases within digital libraries rather than via federated search.
- It is important for users to understand how each system works, what is included in their indexes, and how results may be influenced by business models, sponsorship, or other factors to get the most relevant information for their needs.
This document provides information on advanced Google searching techniques. It discusses how search engines work and user expectations. Various search operators and strategies are described, such as phrase searches, Boolean operators, title searches, URL searches, and site-limited searches. The document recommends beginning with a title field search using Boolean expressions that is limited to a top-level domain or specific website to find the most relevant information.
The document discusses search engine optimization (SEO) and provides definitions, explanations of key concepts, and recommendations. It defines SEO as improving traffic from organic search results by optimizing websites. The document outlines the SEO process, importance of keyword research, on-page optimization techniques, link building strategies, and analytics. It provides a checklist of elements websites should include for SEO and elements to avoid.
Week 8 slides from the class "Social Web 2.0" I taught at the University of Washington's Masters in Communication program in 2007. Most of the content is still very relevant today. Topics: Social metadata, ratings, and social tagging.
451 Marketing provides search engine optimization (SEO) services. Their presentation covered introductory topics on SEO including the importance of search, the core components of SEO (code, content, connections), and technical on-page optimization strategies like optimizing titles, meta descriptions, and HTML tags. The presentation also discussed off-page factors like link building and recommended tools for SEO.
This document provides an overview of search engine optimization (SEO) best practices for on-page optimization, keyword research, competitive analysis, link building, and optimizing listings on Google Places. It discusses important on-page elements like title tags, meta descriptions, header tags, and internal linking. It also outlines tools for keyword research, analyzing competitors, and getting reviews/citations for Google Places. The overall aim is to help companies dominate their local SEO and ranking on Google.
Beyond document retrieval using semantic annotations Roi Blanco
Traditional information retrieval approaches deal with retrieving full-text document as a response to a user's query. However, applications that go beyond the "ten blue links" and make use of additional information to display and interact with search results are becoming increasingly popular and adopted by all major search engines. In addition, recent advances in text extraction allow for inferring semantic information over particular items present in textual documents. This talks presents how enhancing a document with structures derived from shallow parsing is able to convey a different user experience in search and browsing scenarios, and what challenges we face as a consequence.
Search Solutions 2011: Successful Enterprise Search By DesignMarianne Sweeny
When your colleagues say they want Google, they don’t mean the Google Search Appliance. They mean the Google Search user experience: pervasive, expedient and delivering the information that they need. Successful enterprise search does not start with the application features, is not part of the information architecture, does not come from a controlled vocabulary and does not emerge on its own from the developers. It requires enterprise-specific data mining, enterprise-specific user-centered design and fine tuning to turn “search sucks” into search success within the firewall. This presentation looks at action items, tools and deliverables for Discovery, Planning, Design and Post Launch phases of an enterprise search deployment.
The document discusses how to effectively use search engines and evaluate websites when doing research. It recommends using specific search engines tailored to the research topic to maximize efficiency. It also provides the "GET REAL" method for validating websites, which involves reading the URL, examining the content, asking about the author, and looking at linked pages. Teachers are advised to be wary of sponsored search results and teach students critical evaluation skills to identify biased or inaccurate information online.
This document provides an overview of library resources for a business class. It discusses how the library catalog and databases can be used to access books, articles, and other materials. It explains that the catalog contains information on physical items while databases provide digital access to periodicals and other resources. The document also introduces bibliographic citation software and describes how the "invisible web" contains much information only accessible through structured database searches rather than public search engines. Students are shown how to evaluate internet sources and search specific databases to uncover useful business and legal resources that may otherwise be hidden online.
1. The document provides tips and resources for search engine optimization (SEO), including top SEO tools and resources, on-page and off-page optimization best practices, and a glossary of common SEO terms.
2. It lists the top 5 reasons to use SEO as high ROI, minimal risk, brand awareness, targeted traffic, and affordability.
3. Checklists are provided for on-page optimization factors like keywords, titles, and content, as well as off-page best practices like links, directories, and guest posting.
This document discusses optimization of centrifuge dewatering processes. It begins by explaining why optimization is important to reduce costs from hauling and polymer usage. It then discusses various factors to consider like cake dryness, centrate quality, throughput, and polymer dose. The document presents case studies showing how optimization can save money. It proposes a systematic approach to optimization that involves testing parameters like polymer type and dose, centrifuge torque, and other variables. The outcomes of regular optimization are outlined as well as the importance of tracking performance over time to further optimize the system in response to changes.
Partial replacement of fine aggregates in concrete with lightweight aggregates like copper slag and fiberglass can produce structural lightweight concrete with lower weight but comparable or improved strength and performance compared to traditional concrete. Testing of concrete cylinders with different fine aggregate replacements showed that copper slag is a good replacement, while fiberglass needs to be reduced, and a combination of copper slag and fiberglass performed similar to traditional concrete. More testing is recommended to optimize the lightweight concrete mixture.
The document discusses two methods for controlling water levels around excavation sites: deep well systems and wellpoint systems. Deep well systems use individual wells with submersible pumps that can lower water levels over 100 feet in depth, making them suitable for deep excavations. Wellpoint systems consist of multiple wellpoints connected to a common header and pump, allowing them to dewater sites where water needs to be lowered up to 20 feet. The deep well system is best for deep, homogeneous aquifers, while the wellpoint system works well in shallow aquifers requiring less lowering of the water table.
This document describes the slipform construction method for building reinforced concrete chimneys. The slipform method involves using hydraulic jacks to continuously lift steel formwork panels, allowing wet concrete to be poured without stopping to form continuous cylindrical shells. As the jacks lift the formwork by 1.5 to 3 meters per day, workers are able to place reinforcement, pour and finish the concrete, and cure the shell in a continuous, 24-hour process. Once the shell is complete, internal platforms and flues are installed along with other finishing work.
Faceted Navigation of User-Generated Metadata (Calit2 Rescue Seminar Series 2...Bradley Allen
Faceted navigation relies on metadata to organize and navigate large collections of information. Users are becoming an important source of metadata in the form of user-generated tags and annotations. By combining user-generated metadata with traditional subject indexing, new applications of faceted navigation can be created that bridge folksonomies and taxonomies to provide more compelling ways to explore and discover online information.
Searching the internet information and assessmentnollyris
Here are the key points assessed in the document:
I. Using ForSuRE
A. ForSuRe is an organizational strategy to follow a search plan with four steps: Focus, Strategize, Refine, Evaluate.
B. Questions to ask at each step:
- Focus: What information do I need? How can I define my question?
- Strategize: What keywords/search terms/sources will I use?
- Refine: How can I improve my search results?
- Evaluate: Did I find appropriate sources for my question?
II. Search Engines & Metasearch Engines
A. Search engines directly search the web. Metasearch engines gather results from multiple search engines
This document describes research into understanding user goals in web search. The researchers developed a framework that categorizes search goals into navigational, informational, and resource-seeking categories. They then manually classified queries from a search engine log according to this framework. Their analysis suggests that navigational searches are less common than believed, while resource-seeking goals may account for many searches. Understanding search goals could help improve search engines by tailoring results and algorithms to the user's purpose.
This document provides guidance on conducting effective online research. It explains that online research involves using internet resources, especially information on the world wide web, to systematically investigate and study materials to establish facts and reach new conclusions. It recommends starting with a focused question and keywords, then using advanced search techniques like Boolean operators and quotation marks to filter results. It also advises evaluating sources based on criteria like authority, affiliation, audience level, currency, and reliability to find the most credible information from sources like scientific journals and established news sites.
99ways presentation at semtech conference 2009michele minno
This document describes a tool called 99ways that allows users to curate and organize web content in a personalized graph. It allows extracting text, images, videos or audio from web pages and adding them as nodes to the user's graph. Nodes can be described with semantic tags and linked together. Users can browse and discover new content through their own graph and those of friends. The tool aims to provide a more personalized and higher quality web experience guided by user-selected content.
This document provides tips on how small businesses can improve their online visibility and get "discovered" through search engine optimization (SEO) and search engine marketing (SEM). It recommends optimizing key on-page elements like keywords, metadata titles and descriptions, images, and business listing information. It also stresses the importance of off-page SEO factors like backlinks, anchor text, reputation and authority. The document emphasizes applying these techniques consistently across websites, blogs, social media and other online assets to maximize discovery by people searching online. It cautions that SEO is an ongoing process that requires research, optimization, analysis and repetition over many months to achieve results.
Search engines and digital libraries both provide search capabilities but work differently:
- Search engines use crawlers to index the web and return keyword search results, while digital libraries provide access to structured collections of digitized materials from libraries and archives.
- Both have limitations in coverage, and searching must be done individually in different databases within digital libraries rather than via federated search.
- It is important for users to understand how each system works, what is included in their indexes, and how results may be influenced by business models, sponsorship, or other factors to get the most relevant information for their needs.
This document provides information on advanced Google searching techniques. It discusses how search engines work and user expectations. Various search operators and strategies are described, such as phrase searches, Boolean operators, title searches, URL searches, and site-limited searches. The document recommends beginning with a title field search using Boolean expressions that is limited to a top-level domain or specific website to find the most relevant information.
The document discusses search engine optimization (SEO) and provides definitions, explanations of key concepts, and recommendations. It defines SEO as improving traffic from organic search results by optimizing websites. The document outlines the SEO process, importance of keyword research, on-page optimization techniques, link building strategies, and analytics. It provides a checklist of elements websites should include for SEO and elements to avoid.
Week 8 slides from the class "Social Web 2.0" I taught at the University of Washington's Masters in Communication program in 2007. Most of the content is still very relevant today. Topics: Social metadata, ratings, and social tagging.
451 Marketing provides search engine optimization (SEO) services. Their presentation covered introductory topics on SEO including the importance of search, the core components of SEO (code, content, connections), and technical on-page optimization strategies like optimizing titles, meta descriptions, and HTML tags. The presentation also discussed off-page factors like link building and recommended tools for SEO.
This document provides an overview of search engine optimization (SEO) best practices for on-page optimization, keyword research, competitive analysis, link building, and optimizing listings on Google Places. It discusses important on-page elements like title tags, meta descriptions, header tags, and internal linking. It also outlines tools for keyword research, analyzing competitors, and getting reviews/citations for Google Places. The overall aim is to help companies dominate their local SEO and ranking on Google.
Beyond document retrieval using semantic annotations Roi Blanco
Traditional information retrieval approaches deal with retrieving full-text document as a response to a user's query. However, applications that go beyond the "ten blue links" and make use of additional information to display and interact with search results are becoming increasingly popular and adopted by all major search engines. In addition, recent advances in text extraction allow for inferring semantic information over particular items present in textual documents. This talks presents how enhancing a document with structures derived from shallow parsing is able to convey a different user experience in search and browsing scenarios, and what challenges we face as a consequence.
Search Solutions 2011: Successful Enterprise Search By DesignMarianne Sweeny
When your colleagues say they want Google, they don’t mean the Google Search Appliance. They mean the Google Search user experience: pervasive, expedient and delivering the information that they need. Successful enterprise search does not start with the application features, is not part of the information architecture, does not come from a controlled vocabulary and does not emerge on its own from the developers. It requires enterprise-specific data mining, enterprise-specific user-centered design and fine tuning to turn “search sucks” into search success within the firewall. This presentation looks at action items, tools and deliverables for Discovery, Planning, Design and Post Launch phases of an enterprise search deployment.
The document discusses how to effectively use search engines and evaluate websites when doing research. It recommends using specific search engines tailored to the research topic to maximize efficiency. It also provides the "GET REAL" method for validating websites, which involves reading the URL, examining the content, asking about the author, and looking at linked pages. Teachers are advised to be wary of sponsored search results and teach students critical evaluation skills to identify biased or inaccurate information online.
This document provides an overview of library resources for a business class. It discusses how the library catalog and databases can be used to access books, articles, and other materials. It explains that the catalog contains information on physical items while databases provide digital access to periodicals and other resources. The document also introduces bibliographic citation software and describes how the "invisible web" contains much information only accessible through structured database searches rather than public search engines. Students are shown how to evaluate internet sources and search specific databases to uncover useful business and legal resources that may otherwise be hidden online.
1. The document provides tips and resources for search engine optimization (SEO), including top SEO tools and resources, on-page and off-page optimization best practices, and a glossary of common SEO terms.
2. It lists the top 5 reasons to use SEO as high ROI, minimal risk, brand awareness, targeted traffic, and affordability.
3. Checklists are provided for on-page optimization factors like keywords, titles, and content, as well as off-page best practices like links, directories, and guest posting.
This document discusses optimization of centrifuge dewatering processes. It begins by explaining why optimization is important to reduce costs from hauling and polymer usage. It then discusses various factors to consider like cake dryness, centrate quality, throughput, and polymer dose. The document presents case studies showing how optimization can save money. It proposes a systematic approach to optimization that involves testing parameters like polymer type and dose, centrifuge torque, and other variables. The outcomes of regular optimization are outlined as well as the importance of tracking performance over time to further optimize the system in response to changes.
Partial replacement of fine aggregates in concrete with lightweight aggregates like copper slag and fiberglass can produce structural lightweight concrete with lower weight but comparable or improved strength and performance compared to traditional concrete. Testing of concrete cylinders with different fine aggregate replacements showed that copper slag is a good replacement, while fiberglass needs to be reduced, and a combination of copper slag and fiberglass performed similar to traditional concrete. More testing is recommended to optimize the lightweight concrete mixture.
The document discusses two methods for controlling water levels around excavation sites: deep well systems and wellpoint systems. Deep well systems use individual wells with submersible pumps that can lower water levels over 100 feet in depth, making them suitable for deep excavations. Wellpoint systems consist of multiple wellpoints connected to a common header and pump, allowing them to dewater sites where water needs to be lowered up to 20 feet. The deep well system is best for deep, homogeneous aquifers, while the wellpoint system works well in shallow aquifers requiring less lowering of the water table.
This document describes the slipform construction method for building reinforced concrete chimneys. The slipform method involves using hydraulic jacks to continuously lift steel formwork panels, allowing wet concrete to be poured without stopping to form continuous cylindrical shells. As the jacks lift the formwork by 1.5 to 3 meters per day, workers are able to place reinforcement, pour and finish the concrete, and cure the shell in a continuous, 24-hour process. Once the shell is complete, internal platforms and flues are installed along with other finishing work.
Well point dewatering involves installing small diameter wells around an excavation area and connecting them to a pump via header pipes to drain permeable ground and allow excavation. It is commonly used for foundations, basements, tunnels and other underground construction. The well points must be properly spaced and installed, and the system regularly monitored, to safely and effectively lower the water table during excavation work within permitted timelines.
Controlling Water On Construction SitesMartin Preene
This document discusses controlling groundwater on construction sites. It provides examples of good and poor groundwater control. It also discusses managing surface water runoff and using techniques like cutoff walls, sump pumping, wellpoints and deepwells to control groundwater. The document notes potential environmental impacts of water management like settlement, pollution of aquifers or surface waters. With proper planning and design, the document concludes that projects can effectively manage surface and groundwater issues.
This document discusses three types of dewatering systems:
1. Open dewatering systems utilize sumps along excavation slopes and centrifugal pumps to directly remove groundwater. They are easy to install and operate.
2. Well point dewatering systems lower groundwater levels for large construction sites using well points installed along trenches, connected to headers and pumped by gravity or vacuum.
3. Deep well dewatering systems lower groundwater to considerable depths using submersible pumps in wells over 150mm in diameter, with discharge pipes connected to a common line.
Dewatering is the process of removing water from construction sites to allow excavation work to be done safely and efficiently below the water table. There are several reasons why dewatering is needed, including providing a dry work area, improving stability, and increasing safety. Common dewatering techniques include sump pumping, well points, deep wells, and trenches. Each method has advantages and disadvantages depending on the site conditions and depth of water lowering required. Proper planning and design of a dewatering system is important to effectively control groundwater and allow construction work to progress smoothly.
This document describes the key components and processes involved in a thermal power plant. Water is heated to produce steam, which spins turbines connected to generators to produce electricity. The main components are the boiler, turbines, condenser, cooling tower and auxiliary systems. Coal is pulverized and burned in the boiler to heat water and produce high pressure steam. The steam powers high, intermediate and low pressure turbines in succession to generate electricity before being condensed back into water in the condenser. The water is cooled in the cooling tower and recycled to the boiler to repeat the process.
Dewatering is the artificial removal of groundwater or surface water to allow for construction. It plays a vital role in excavation by controlling hydrostatic pressure and soil stability. There are three main dewatering methods: active dewatering uses pumping, interception prevents water from reaching the excavation, and isolation excludes water via cut-off walls. Proper method selection depends on soil type and desired drawdown. Without control, dewatering can cause ground subsidence, flooding, or structural collapse due to increased soil loading.
The document discusses drainage systems for foundations. It includes definitions of key terms like foundation dewatering and filter. It describes different types of drains like open drains, lined drains, closed drains, wells, and miscellaneous methods. Open drains include catch drains, open channels, and lined options like kerb and gutter drains. Closed drains include tile drains, blanket drains, and composite drains. Wells for drainage include deep wells, horizontal wells, and well points. The document also discusses standards and materials used for drains.
This document provides information about construction dewatering and permanent groundwater control techniques. It discusses the differences between construction dewatering, which involves temporarily lowering the groundwater table during construction, and permanent groundwater control, which blocks long-term groundwater flow. Various dewatering techniques are described, including sump pumping, shallow wells, well points, and deep wells. Methods for permanent groundwater control include ground freezing, slurry trench walls, steel sheet piling, grouted barriers, thin grouted membranes, contiguous piling, diaphragm walls, and grouting. The document also provides examples of applying these techniques and outlines their advantages and disadvantages.
The presentation discussed various methods of dewatering on construction sites, including sump pumping, wellpoint systems, ejector wells, ground freezing, and deep wells. It described the purpose of dewatering, factors that influence selection of methods, and advantages and limitations of each approach. The methods vary in their suitability based on soil type, required depth of drawdown, and other site-specific factors. Proper dewatering is important for construction efficiency and stability.
Groundwater Engineering is an international company that specializes in dewatering, groundwater control, and water well engineering for construction, mining, and oil and gas clients. The document defines dewatering as pumping from wells or sumps to lower groundwater levels and allow excavations below the water table. It describes commonly used dewatering techniques like sump pumping, wellpoints, deepwells and eductor wells. Less common techniques including horizontal wellpoints, relief wells, artificial recharge and groundwater remediation are also outlined.
This document discusses the design of subsurface drainage systems. It describes different types of subsurface drainage methods like tile drains, mole drains and drainage wells. It also covers investigations required for planning subsurface drainage like topographic maps and groundwater studies. The key aspects of designing a tile drainage system are discussed in detail, including layout, depth and spacing of drains, size and grade of tiles, installation methods and use of a multiple well system.
The document presents an overview of drainage issues and potential solutions for the Sandersville plant. It describes six existing storm drainage basins and their processes water flows. The key problem areas are catch basins and sewer pipes that cause bottlenecks. Four potential solutions are outlined: installing a parallel gravity sewer, sending all water to a larger clarifier pond, installing an overflow at an upper catch basin to route excess water to an existing lower pond, or pumping the "blue" area water across the plant to the main sewer line. Pros and cons of each option are discussed, along with estimated costs.
The document provides information on various aspects of metro projects, including common terminology used, the different types of metro systems (elevated, underground, on grade), and construction methods. It discusses features of elevated and underground metros such as viaducts, stations, tunnels, and cut-and-cover construction. Diagrams and photos show the construction process for elevated viaducts using different methods as well as underground metros using cut-and-cover and top-down construction approaches.
This document discusses different types of traps used in plumbing systems. It describes traps as sanitary fittings that remain full of water to prevent bad smells from entering homes. The key types are:
1. P-traps, which are shaped like the letter "P" laid on its side and exit into walls behind sinks.
2. S-traps, which are shaped like the letter "S" to trap water and odors from sewer drains.
3. Q-traps, which are similar to S-traps and used in toilet drains above the ground floor.
The document also briefly discusses vent pipes, rainwater pipes, and anti-siphonage
Griffin specializes in dewatering and groundwater control for challenging construction projects using techniques like wells, wellpoints, and relief wells to separate water from soil and control groundwater levels. Proper dewatering is important as it allows for safer and more efficient construction by improving soil properties and intercepting water, while improper dewatering can have consequences like unstable excavations and increased costs. The document then provides details on dewatering methods, considerations for selecting a system, and several case studies of Griffin's dewatering work on large infrastructure projects.
Web search engines and other search technologies use crawlers to systematically explore the web by following links. Crawlers download pages and send them to be indexed so that queries can later retrieve relevant pages. Search engines face challenges in completely and efficiently crawling the massive web while being polite to websites and respecting robot exclusion protocols. Advanced techniques include focused crawling, link analysis, and distributed architectures for scaling to billions of pages.
Web search engines index billions of web pages and handle hundreds of millions of searches per day. They use inverted indexes to quickly search text and return relevant results. Ranking algorithms consider factors like term frequency, popularity, and link analysis using PageRank to determine the most authoritative pages for a given query. Crawling software systematically explores the web by following links to discover and index new pages.
SearchLand is a talk that provides an overview of how web search engines work for beginners. It discusses that search engines do not actually search the web directly, but rather create an index of crawled web pages. The talk outlines the basic architecture of search engines, including crawling, indexing, and ranking documents. It also discusses challenges in measuring search quality and different evaluation approaches between information retrieval research and actual search engine practices. The talk concludes by noting that improving search quality requires continuous measurement and analysis.
This document provides an overview of search quality evaluation for beginners. It introduces the concept of "SearchLand" as a metaphor for the domain of web search engines. The document outlines some basics of how search engines work, including crawling, indexing, and ranking pages. It then discusses challenges in measuring search quality, including evaluating relevance, coverage, diversity, and latency. The document concludes by acknowledging the complexity of search quality and outlining opportunities for continued improvement through metrics and analysis.
Determining the overall system performance and measuring the quality of complex search systems are tough questions. Changes come from all subsystems of the complex system, at the same time, making it difficult to assess which modification came from which sub-component and whether they improved or regressed the overall performance. If this wasn’t hard enough, the target against which you are measuring your search system is also constantly evolving, sometimes in real time. Regression testing of the system and its components is crucial, but resources are limited. In this talk I discuss some of the issues involved and some possible ways of dealing with these problems. In particular I want to present an academic view of what I should have known about search quality before I joined Cuil in 2008.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the original Google search engine as presented by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in their 1998 paper. It describes the motivation for creating Google due to limitations of existing search engines, the challenges of scaling search to the rapidly growing web, and Google's design goals of precision over recall. The summary then overviews Google's core techniques including PageRank, which ranks pages based on the quantity and quality of inbound links, and the use of anchor text to better describe pages.
How to SEO a Terrific - and Profitable - User ExperienceBrightEdge
Tune in for Portent SEO Marianne Sweeny’s January webinar: “How to SEO a Terrific – and Profitable – User Experience.” Learn how search engine algorithms are now incorporating IA, UX and content strategy, as well as methods for directing Google, Bing & Co. to perform better for your users.
Streamline Results is a proven leader in the Search Engine Marketing field. We have based many of our tactics off of this same guide that you will going over.
It has taught us many things and we hope to pass on the same to you.
If you have any questions visit us at: http://www.streamlineresults.com
Search engines crawl billions of webpages to build an index and provide relevant search results. They use links between pages to efficiently discover and index content, storing snippets of text and metadata in vast data centers. Complicated algorithms rank results based on over 100 factors related to relevance and popularity to return the most useful pages for a user's query within seconds. Search engine optimization aims to understand and influence these algorithms.
Search engines use crawlers to discover web pages by following links and build an index of important words and their locations, then calculate relevance and rank pages to provide answers to user search queries as quickly as possible by leveraging massive data centers to store and process information from billions of indexed web pages.
Google is a popular search engine that helps users find information on the internet. It crawls websites to index their content, analyzes the indexed information and stores it in vast databases, then retrieves relevant pages for user queries by ranking pages according to their algorithms. Other search engines and tools include Yahoo, Bing, subject directories that organize information by topic, metasearch engines that search multiple engines simultaneously, and specialized engines for specific subjects like health, movies or jobs.
Web mining is the use of data mining techniques to automatically discover and extract information from web documents and web usage data. There are three types of web mining: web content mining, web structure mining, and web usage mining. Web content mining analyzes the contents of web pages such as text and images. Web structure mining analyzes the hyperlink structure of the web to discover communities and page rankings. Web usage mining analyzes user interactions with websites through web logs to understand user behavior. Popular algorithms for web mining include PageRank for ranking pages and HITS for identifying hubs and authorities on a topic. Web mining has applications in areas like e-commerce, security, and prediction.
The document discusses how search engines work by describing their main components and processes. It explains that search engines crawl websites to index their content, then use that index to match users' search queries and return relevant results. The document outlines the key steps search engines go through, including crawling, indexing, processing searches, retrieving matches, ranking results by relevance, and displaying them to users. It also notes some of the challenges of making search engines return high-quality results.
This document provides guidance on effective internet searching strategies. It discusses defining your search topic, identifying appropriate search locations, developing effective search queries, and evaluating the credibility of sources. Key recommendations include planning your search offline first by identifying questions and keywords. When searching, consider specialized databases and directories instead of only major search engines. Techniques for evaluating sources include examining the URL, domain, author credentials, and date of publication. Sources should be cross-referenced from different credible locations.
This document discusses search engine optimization (SEO) and why it is important for findability. It begins by providing a brief history of search and how Google works to index websites and rank pages. It explains that findability, or how easily information can be found on a website, is important for readership and discovery. The document outlines some prerequisites for findability, including how Google needs to be able to find content and value it. It stresses the importance of using keywords that match a site's audience's search terms and language. Finally, it discusses tactics like using descriptive microcontent and titles to help search engines and humans understand what the page is about at a glance. The overall message is that SEO is about optimizing content
This document provides an introduction to search engine optimization (SEO) including what SEO is, why it is important, and how search engines work. It discusses key on-page and off-page optimization strategies like optimizing titles, content, links, and site architecture. The document also outlines the process for an SEO audit including analyzing titles, content, links, duplicate content, and more. An action plan is proposed focusing on structural changes, keyword research, content development, on-page optimization, and social media strategies to improve search engine rankings.
Search engines crawl and index billions of webpages to build a massive database. When a user searches, the engines analyze hundreds of factors to determine the most relevant results and return them quickly. Search marketers conduct experiments to understand how search engines rank pages and optimize sites, as engines provide little direct information about their complex algorithms. Through iterative testing and analysis of patents, the search marketing field has gained useful knowledge about ranking factors and best practices.
Search engines crawl and index billions of webpages to build a massive database. When a user searches, the engines calculate relevance and rank hundreds of factors to provide the most relevant results as quickly as possible. Through experiments and testing, search marketers have uncovered many of the algorithms' components to help websites succeed in search rankings.
Search engines crawl billions of webpages to index their content and keywords. When a user searches, the engines retrieve relevant pages from their index and rank them based on hundreds of factors. The top ranked pages receive the majority of clicks. While search engines aim to provide the most useful results, their algorithms have technical limitations that can prevent some content from being found or ranked highly. Search engine optimization seeks to address these limitations to improve a page's discoverability and position in search results. As search technologies evolve, SEO strategies must also adapt to changing algorithms and user behaviors.
Search engines crawl and index billions of webpages to provide relevant answers to user queries. They analyze hundreds of ranking factors like links, content, and freshness to determine the most important results. However, search engines have technical limitations and cannot access all content, including elements behind forms, certain file types, or text not in HTML. Search engine optimization seeks to address these limitations to help search engines find and understand a site's content.
1. SEARCH
A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE FUTURE
INFORMATION THAT’S HARD TO FIND WILL
REMAIN INFORMATION THAT’S HARDLY
FOUND.
Copyleft
2. “Even a blind squirrel finds a nut ,
occasionally.” But few of us are determined
enough to search through millions, or
billions, of pages of information to find our
“nut.” So, to reduce the problem to a, more
or less, manageable solution, web “search
engines” were introduced a few years ago.
3. Finding key information
from gigantic World Wide
Web is similar to find a
needle lost in haystack. For
this purpose we would use a
special magnet that would
automatically, quickly and
effortlessly attract that
needle for us.
In this scenario magnet is
“Search Engine”
4.
5. Search
COMPUTING to examine a computer file, disk,
database, or network for particular information.
Engine
Something that supplies the driving force or energy
to a movement, system, or trend.
Search Engine
A computer program that searches for particular
keywords and returns a list of documents in which
they were found, especially a commercial service
that scans documents on the Internet.
6. Search is a Wicked Problem
• No definitive formulation.
• Considerable uncertainty. Complex interdependencies.
• Incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements.
• Stakeholders have radically different world views and
different frames for understanding the project or process.
• The problem is never solved.
Roles Language Input Index Metadata Design
Goals Vocabulary Interaction Algorithms Controlled Vocabulary Interaction
Tasks Syntax Feedback Linguistics Knowledge Management Behavior
User
?
Query
Search
Interface
Search
Engine
Ask, Browse, or Search Again
Content Results
6
9. 1st Generation (ca 1994):
• AltaVista, Excite, Infoseek…
• Ranking based on Content:
Pure Information Retrieval
2nd Generation (ca 1996):
• Lycos
• Ranking based on Content + Structure
Site Popularity
3rd Generation (ca 1998):
• Google, Teoma, Yahoo
• Ranking based on Content + Structure + Value
Page Reputation
In the Works
• Ranking based on “the need behind the query”
10. Content Similarity Ranking:
The more rare words two documents share,
the more similar they are
Documents are treated as “bags of words”
(no effort to “understand” the contents)
Similarity is measured by vector angles
t3
Query Results are ranked d
by sorting the angles 2
between query and documents d1
θ
t1
t2
11. A hyperlink
from a page in site A www.aa.com
to some page in site B 1
is considered a popularity vote www.bb.com
from site A to site B 2
Rank similar documents
www.cc.com
according to popularity 1 www.dd.com
2
www.zz.com
0
12. The reputation “PageRank” of a page Pi =
the sum of a fraction of the reputations of all
pages Pj that point to Pi
Idea similar to academic co-citations
Beautiful Math behind it
• PR = principal eigenvector
of the web‟s link matrix
• PR equivalent to the chance
of randomly surfing to the page
HITS algorithm tries to recognize
“authorities” and “hubs”
13.
14. Check for duplicates,
crawl the store the
web documents
DocIds
user create an
inverted
query index
Search
Show results Inverted
engine
To user index
servers
15. Crawling
Follow links to find information
Indexing
Record what words appear where
Ranking
What information is a good match to a user
query? What information is inherently good?
Displaying
Find a good format for the information
20. But Google is usually so good in finding info…
Why does it do that?
21. • I try another search engine.
• I try different keywords but if I still can't find
an answer, I just think real hard for an
answer.
• I focus on the encyclopedia.
23. don’t know how to form a sound search
query;
don’t have a strategy for dealing with poor
results;
can’t articulate how they know content is
credible;
don’t check the author or date of an article.
24. Step 1 – define the data you want
Step 2 – figure out where it‟s likely to be
found
Step 3 – select the search tool most likely
to provide it
Step 4 – learn how to interpret your results
25. The most commonly used search tools are
• Search Engines
• Subject Directories
Other search tools include
• Targeted directories
• Focused Crawlers
• Portals
• Vortals
• Meta-tools
• Value-added search services
26. Searchengines are the preferred tool
when you:
• Are looking for something very specific
• Need to pin down a quick fact or two
• Need to know if any information exists at all on a
subject
• Want mass quantities of links, but are not
concerned about quality control.
27. A subject directory is a database of titles,
citations, and websites organized by
category.
Advantage – Most directories are edited,
maintained and created by people.
• Usually they are carefully evaluated and annotated for
this reason.
Disadvantage – Typically include a smaller
number of sites than a search engine due
to the great amount of human effort
involved.
28. Open Directory Project - The largest, most
comprehensive human-edited directory of the
Web. It is constructed and maintained by a
vast, global community of volunteer editors.
Closed model directories such as Yahoo! And
LookSmart are pulled together by professional
editors who select the links and set up the
categories. The user generally gets high
quality results
29. Subject directories are organized and
selective.
They are useful when you want to know
more about broad-based subjects, such as
• General topics
• Popular topics
• Targeted directories
• Current events
• Product information
30. Many search engines are now hybrids-
search tools that have an engine as well
as a directory.
Sometimes targeted directories are
matched with focused crawlers to produce
a very powerful hybrid search tool. (e.g.
http://www.FirstGov.gov
31. Metasearches use multiple engines to look for
your keywords.
Advantage – You have many search engines all
looking for what you need. Great when you are
looking for something that is hard to find.
Disadvantage – It‟s hard to fine tune your search
and narrow things down. Also, Metasearches
can sometimes give you more information than
what you need.
32. Beaucoup! – www.beaucoup.com
Clusty – http://clusty.com
Mamma, “the mother of all search
engines”- www.mamma.com
Ixquick – www.ixquick.com
33. Yahooligans – Made for ages 7-12, pages are
hand picked to be appropriate for children. Not
only will the content on these pages be
monitored, but so are the ads that are displayed.
Froogle – Made for the frugal shopper, this
offshoot of Google has engines that catalog
products and finds you the cheapest price for a
given item on the internet. It‟s in it‟s “beta”
version so they are still working out some kinks.
34. Boolean Operators (AND, OR, and
NOT)
• AND:
Limits the number of „hits‟ (results) you receive
In many search sites, this is implied (if you type
two or more words, it assumes you want x AND y
AND z, etc.)
• OR:
Increases the number of „hits‟ you receive
Synonyms for words can be used
• NOT:
Limits the number of „hits‟ you receive
Useful for getting rid of words that have more than
one meaning
Ex: Sun NOT Microsystems
Sometimes a (-) sign (like for Google)
35. Phrase Search
Usually quotation marks are used: “ “
Useful for a specific search (song lyrics, part of a poem, etc.)
Ex: “fly me to the moon”
Truncation and Wildcards
Used as placeholders for additional characters - usually (*)
Truncation = finds any characters that come after the placeholder
• Ex: Red* --> red, reds, redwood, redding, etc.
Wildcards = finds different characters within a word
• Ex: Wom*n --> woman, women
Stop Words
Small words that are used often
Some stop words include: and, the, a, not, to, be, etc.
• Ex: Give me a cookie and Give me cookie would yield similar results
Most search engines and databases ingore these
36. Limiters
Most search engines and databases provide other ways to narrow your search
Often found under Advanced Search
Varies greatly!
• Search limiters
Keyword (usually default)
Title
Author
Subject
Multiple search boxes
• Other limiters
Date
Language
Type ( book, dvd, magazine, etc.) OR (web: .gov, .edu, .org)
• Google Advanced Search
• Wilson Select Plus
37. Power searching also uses math, the
universal language.
Uses symbols of + and – and “”.
Example: “Clinton – Lewinsky” on Yahoo!
38. Usethese commands in the search
window.
• intitle: Find sites with one search term in the title.
• allintitle: Find sites with all search terms in the title.
• inurl: Find sites with one search term in the URL.
• allinurl: Find sites with all search terms in the URL.
• site: Limit your search to a specific web site.
• filetype: Specify a type of document to search.
8/2/2007
39. Find pages containing the term in the title:
intitle:[search term]
Find pages with terms in the text:
allintext:[search terms]
Find similar pages to a certain website:
related:[insert URL]
Find pages with the term in the URL:
inurl:[insert search term]
Try it out!
40. Find pages containing the term in the title:
title:[search term]
Find pages with the term in the URL:
url.all:[search term]
41. Also called “deep web” consists of
materials search engines will not or cannot
index.
Usually consists of web-based databases
or pdf files.
Example: American Memory Project:
Jackie Robinson.
42. Google – The only traditional search
engine that can recognize .pdf and .doc
files.
Profusion – a Metasearch tool that lets you
search .pdf files.
43. Google
By far the most used search site (76% of searches on the Internet are done using Google).
Simple one line search box
Phrase completion function
Did you mean function
I‟m Feeling Lucky!
Other search options
• Images, Videos, Maps, News, Shopping (limiters)
• Search strategies
TYPE INCLUDED? HOW
Boolean operators Yes AND = [default] OR = OR(capitalized) NOT = [-]
(AND, OR, NOT)
Phrase Search Yes Quotation marks [“ “]
Wildcards / Truncation Some No truncation (Google automatically searches other endings)
Wildcards = [*]
Advanced search Yes Limit by Language, File type, Domain, etc.
45. Bing (Microsoft‟s latest search engine)
Starts out with a simple one box search, but becomes more complex
Phrase completion function
Web site review function
Related searches
Other search options
• Images, Videos, Maps (localized), News, Shopping, History (limiters)
• Search strategies
TYPE INCLUDED? HOW
Boolean operators Yes AND = [default] OR = OR(capitalized) NOT = NOT (capitalized)
(AND, OR, NOT)
Phrase Search Yes Quotation marks [“ “]
Wildcards / Truncation No No truncation or wildcard options
Advanced search Yes Limit by Terms. [under Preferences] Domain, Country/Region, Language,
Filter
47. Yahoo! Search
Much more than a search engine (search.yahoo.com for ONLY search)
Search Assist / Also try:
Sponsored results
Related searches
Other search options
• Images, video, local, shopping, jobs, news, sports, weather, etc. (limiters)
• Search strategies
TYPE INCLUDED? HOW
Boolean operators Yes AND = [default] OR = OR(capitalized) NOT = [-]
(AND, OR, NOT)
Phrase Search Yes Quotation marks [“ “]
Wildcards / Truncation No No truncation or wildcard options
Advanced search Yes Limit by Terms, Last updated, Domain, Country, Language, Filter
49. Dogpile
Meta search engines search multiple other search sites
Simple one line search box
Phrase complete function
Did you mean function
Other search options
• Images, video, news, white and yellow pages (limiters)
• Search strategies
TYPE INCLUDED? HOW
Boolean operators No * Advanced search terms function in a similar way
(AND, OR, NOT)
Phrase Search No * Advanced search terms function in a similar way
Wildcards / Truncation No No truncation or wildcard options
Advanced search Yes Limit by Terms, Domain. [under preferences] Filter, Bold search terms, #
displays
51. Clutsy
Simple one line search box
Clusters function (groups results into subjects)
Sources and Sites function
Did you mean function
Other search options
• News, Images, Wikipedia, Blogs, Jobs (limiters)
• Search strategies
TYPE INCLUDED? HOW
Boolean operators Yes AND = [default] OR = OR(capitalized) NOT = [-]
(AND, OR, NOT)
Phrase Search Yes Quotation marks [“ “]
Wildcards / Truncation No No truncation or wildcard options
Advanced search Yes Limit by Host (domain), Language, Type, # Results in a Cluster, Filter
52. Surfwax (meta search engine)
Can view contents of your search in a sidebar (Snap)
Is very cluttered / complex
Can broaden or narrow your search (Focus)
Sort by and results functions
Useful if you are „browsing‟ the Web without a clear topic
Wikipedia (online encyclopedia)
Encyclopedia in which anyone can edit content
• Vast amount of information on practically any subject
• Reliability somewhat in question
• List of references
Best if you are looking for specific information or as a place to start a search
Useful if you are „browsing‟ the Web without a clear topic
YouTube (videos posted by anyone)
Video of practically anything you can think of
Anyone can post a video clip
Difficult to find information. Cluttered.
Many others
Just search the words “search engines” in your favorite search
54. 1. Most search engines have vanished.
2. Google is a big player.
3. 63% of Internet users use a search engine in a
given session.
4. Approximately 94 million adults use the internet
on an average day.
5. This means approximately 59.22 MILLION people
use search engines in an average day.
6. Microsoft realized Internet is here to stay
i. Dominates the browser market.
ii. Realizes search is critical.