The document summarizes the key components of a residential plumbing system. It discusses the three principal parts: 1) water supply system, 2) water and waste removal system, and 3) plumbing fixtures. For the drainage system, it describes the soil stack, which carries waste from fixtures vertically, and how fixtures connect to the stack through branch mains. It emphasizes the importance of proper venting to allow airflow and prevent siphonage in traps. Cleanouts at the base of stacks are also required to clear debris from the system. Riser diagrams are used to clearly show how the plumbing system is installed.
A building is provided with a drainage system to discharge effectively the sewage of the building into the public sewer. Domestic sewage from a building includes human excreta as well as discharge from the bathroom, kitchen, etc. and collected by building sewers and finally discharged into the public sewer.
sanitation and its importance is explained along with drainage system , principles of drainage system , types of pipes , traps and their uses and sanitary fittings.
A building is provided with a drainage system to discharge effectively the sewage of the building into the public sewer. Domestic sewage from a building includes human excreta as well as discharge from the bathroom, kitchen, etc. and collected by building sewers and finally discharged into the public sewer.
sanitation and its importance is explained along with drainage system , principles of drainage system , types of pipes , traps and their uses and sanitary fittings.
WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE SERVICE FOR BUILDINGKaran Patel
The product, delivered to the point of consumption, is called potable water if it meets the water quality standards required for human consumption.
The water in the supply network is maintained at positive pressure to ensure that water reaches all parts of the network, that a sufficient flow is available at every take-off point and to ensure that untreated water in the ground cannot enter the network. The water is typically pressurised by pumps that pump water into storage tanks constructed at the highest local point in the network. One network may have several such service reservoirs.
In small domestic systems, the water may be pressurised by a pressure vessel or even by an underground cistern (the latter however does need additional pressurizing). This eliminates the need of a water-tower or any other heightened water reserve to supply the water pressure.
These systems are usually owned and maintained by local governments, such as cities, or other public entities, but are occasionally operated by a commercial enterprise (see water privatization). Water supply networks are part of the master planning of communities, counties, and municipalities. Their planning and design requires the expertise of city planners and civil engineers, who must consider many factors, such as location, current demand, future growth, leakage, pressure, pipe size, pressure loss, fire fighting flows, etc
it is a brief introductory part of what is house drainage system , its components with their classification , types of system of plumbing aided with principles of drainage design.
ALL TYPE OF SANITARY FITTING SHOULD BE FIXED AGAINST AN EXTERNAL WALLS , SO THAT THE APARTMENT IN WHICH THEY ARE PLACED CAN BE PROVIDED WITH NATURAL LIGHT AND AIR, AND ALSO THERE WASTES CAN BE EASILY COLLECTED IN DRAIN.
08 Building Water Supply and Sanitary Fixturesakashpadole
The presentation has prepared as per the syllabus of Mumbai University.
Go through the presentation, if you like it then share it with your friends and classmates.
Thank you :)
In plumbing, a trap is a device which has a shape that uses a bending path to capture water to prevent sewer gases from entering buildings. this will helps you to find info. about traps.
WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE SERVICE FOR BUILDINGKaran Patel
The product, delivered to the point of consumption, is called potable water if it meets the water quality standards required for human consumption.
The water in the supply network is maintained at positive pressure to ensure that water reaches all parts of the network, that a sufficient flow is available at every take-off point and to ensure that untreated water in the ground cannot enter the network. The water is typically pressurised by pumps that pump water into storage tanks constructed at the highest local point in the network. One network may have several such service reservoirs.
In small domestic systems, the water may be pressurised by a pressure vessel or even by an underground cistern (the latter however does need additional pressurizing). This eliminates the need of a water-tower or any other heightened water reserve to supply the water pressure.
These systems are usually owned and maintained by local governments, such as cities, or other public entities, but are occasionally operated by a commercial enterprise (see water privatization). Water supply networks are part of the master planning of communities, counties, and municipalities. Their planning and design requires the expertise of city planners and civil engineers, who must consider many factors, such as location, current demand, future growth, leakage, pressure, pipe size, pressure loss, fire fighting flows, etc
it is a brief introductory part of what is house drainage system , its components with their classification , types of system of plumbing aided with principles of drainage design.
ALL TYPE OF SANITARY FITTING SHOULD BE FIXED AGAINST AN EXTERNAL WALLS , SO THAT THE APARTMENT IN WHICH THEY ARE PLACED CAN BE PROVIDED WITH NATURAL LIGHT AND AIR, AND ALSO THERE WASTES CAN BE EASILY COLLECTED IN DRAIN.
08 Building Water Supply and Sanitary Fixturesakashpadole
The presentation has prepared as per the syllabus of Mumbai University.
Go through the presentation, if you like it then share it with your friends and classmates.
Thank you :)
In plumbing, a trap is a device which has a shape that uses a bending path to capture water to prevent sewer gases from entering buildings. this will helps you to find info. about traps.
Sewer appurtenances are those structures and devices of a sewerage system which are constructed at suitable intervals along a sewer line to assist in the efficient operation and maintenance of the system. Following are the important sewer appurtenances: 1. Inlets 2. Catch Basins or Catch Pits 3. Clean-Outs 4.
sewer appurtenances ppt
sewer appurtenances and their details
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appurtenances in construction
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building appurtenances
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. Introduction
The residential plumbing system is often taken for
granted, but it is an important part of the structure.
A complete plumbing system provides an adequate
supply of water and removes waste.
There are three principal parts:
1. Water supply system.
2. Water and waste removal system.
3. Plumbing fixtures.
4. Water and Waste Removal
Used water and other wastes are carried to the sanitary sewer or
septic tank through the waste removal system.
These pipes are isolated from the water supply system and must be
sized for sufficient capacity, have the proper slope and venting, and
have provisions for cleanouts.
Typically it is practical to drain as many of the fixtures as possible
into a single main drain.
The drainage system is not under pressure and depends on gravity
to carry the waste to the sewer.
5. Water and Waste Removal
A vertical drain pipe that collects
waste from one or more fixtures is
called a soil stack.
Soil stacks that drain water closets
are called main stacks.
Every house must have at least
one main stack, which is
generally 3" in diameter.
Each bathroom must have a
main stack.
Stacks that do not drain water
closets are called secondary stacks.
Secondary stacks are 1-1/2"
diameter.
6. Water and Waste Removal
Fixtures are connected to the stack
using a branch main.
All stacks extend into basement
and empty into the house drain.
All structures must have at
least one house drain, but may
have several.
The house drain becomes the
house sewer once it is outside the
house. The house sewer empties
into the city sanitary sewer or
private septic system.
7. Water and Waste Removal
Gases from the system dissipate
through the vent stack—12" above
roof. The vent stack provides an air
inlet for the drainage system to
operate properly
A trap is installed below each
fixture to prevent gases from
entering the house. The trap is
always filled with water. Water
closets have a built-in trap.
Each stack requires a cleanout at
the base.
8. Traps
TRAPS
The trap most commonly used with
plumbing fixtures is the P-trap. The P-
trap gets its name because of its
general shape-that of the letter P.
Traps are required because they
prevent sewer gases from entering a
building and causing serious illness or
death.
The term Trap Seal refers to the water
being held in the bent portion of a
fixture trap. The trap seal forms a seal
against the passage of sewer gases
through the trap and into the building.
10. House Drain
A house drain is the pipe that
receives all waste and water
discharged by the soil stacks and
waste lines.
This house drain is laid from a
point just outside the building
foundation wall where it connects
to the house sewer, then through
the wall, and either along or under
the cellar floor to the point where
connection with the soil stack is
made.
Before laying this drain, determine
its overall length and how much
pitch to give it so that it will drain
as it should.
11. House Trap
Building (House) traps shall be provided with a
cleanout and a relief vent or fresh air intake on the
inlet side of the trap.
Relief vents or fresh air intake shall be carried
above grade and shall be terminated in a screened
outlet located outside the building.
The size of the relief vent or fresh aid intake shall
not be less than one-half the diameter of the drain
to which the relief vent or air intake connects.
12. House Drains and House Traps
002.6 Building traps.
Building (house) traps shall be prohibited, except where local conditions necessitate such traps.
Building traps shall be provided with a cleanout and a relief vent or fresh air intake on the inlet
side of the trap. The size of the relief vent or fresh air intake shall not be less than one-half
the diameter of the drain to which the relief vent or air intake connects. Such relief vent or fresh
air intake shall be carried above grade and shall be terminated in a screened outlet located
outside the building.
13. A soil stack is a vertical drain pipe that carries soil waste from sanitary units (i.e.
toilets.
A waste stack is any other vertical drain pipe that doesn’t carry soil from a sanitary
fixture.
Soil stacks and waste stacks
14. Cleanouts
A plumbing cleanout is a cleanout fitting with a
removable plug that is found in a roughed in waste
system. It is designed to help keep clear any type of
debris that could cause any type of stoppage in the
water drain lines.
Cleanouts are usually placed at the connection
point between the sewer lines and the drain lines
where the base is located of a vertical stack and at
all places were the pipe direction changes at 90
degrees.
16. VENTS
To prevent the siphonage of a trap seal in
fixture traps and allow gravity flow of
drainage, you must let atmospheric air
from outside the building into the piping
system to the outlet (or discharge) end of
the trap. The air is supplied through pipes
called VENTS. This air provides pressure
on the outlet end of the seal equal to
pressure on the inlet end.
Since the air supplied by the vent to the
outlet end provides a pressure equal to
that at the inlet end of the trap, the trap
seal cannot escape through siphonage.
All vent systems should be provided with a
main vent or vent stack and a main soil
and waste vent. A “main vent” may be
defined as the principal artery of the
venting system, and
vent branches may be connected to the
main vent and run undiminished in size as
directly as possible from the building drain
to the open air above the roof.
Vents
17. The term main soil and waste vent, or soil stack vent, refers to the portion of the stack extending
above the highest fixture branch. In the figure, this vent extends through the roof. Actually, it is an
extension of the main soil and waste stack.
Vents
18. Vents
An INDIVIDUAL VENT is a vent
that connects the main vent with
the individual trap underneath or
behind a fixture
19. Vents
A COMMON VENT vents two
traps to a single vent pipe.
The unit vent can be used
when a pair of lavatories are
installed side by side, as well
as when they are hung back to
back on either side of a
partition
20. Riser Diagram
Riser diagrams are used as supplementary details on working drawings in order to
show more clearly how the plumbing system is to be installed.
Riser diagrams of plumbing systems can be shown in both orthographic and
isometric views. The most commonly used type of riser diagram for plumbing is the
isometric riser diagram. The isometric riser diagram provides a three-dimensional
representation of the plumbing system.
A riser diagram is not drawn to scale but should be correctly proportioned.
The proper use of symbols
for the piping and fittings
makes it easier to read and
interpret the drawing.