The document discusses four main methods for dewatering excavations at construction sites:
1. The wellpoint method uses a series of wells and pumps to lower the water table up to 5-6 meters below the wells.
2. The eductor wells method is similar but uses high pressure water and venturi tubes instead of vacuum pumps to draw water from the wells.
3. Open sump pumping relies on gravity, using sumps or ditches to collect water for removal by pumps.
4. The deep well method uses deeper wells 150-200mm in diameter surrounded by casings and screens to draw water down by up to 30 meters.
Dewatering involves controlling groundwater by pumping, to locally lower groundwater levels in the vicinity of the excavation. The simplest form of dewatering is sump pumping, where groundwater is allowed to enter the excavation where it is then collected in a sump and pumped away by robust solids handling pumps.
Dewatering involves controlling groundwater by pumping, to locally lower groundwater levels in the vicinity of the excavation. The simplest form of dewatering is sump pumping, where groundwater is allowed to enter the excavation where it is then collected in a sump and pumped away by robust solids handling pumps.
This presentation explains different methods of dewatering of ground water during construction works and suggests the suitability of particular method in particular context.
Control of ground water in excavations_Advanced Construction Technology (Seme...A Makwana
The ground water is regarded as one of the most difficult problem in excavation work.
GWT /Water logged area
Erosion or collapse of foundation trench may occur.
Dewatering sub-soil water
Dewatering is a term to describe the removal of groundwater or surface water from for example a construction site. In construction the water is pumped from wells or sumps to temporarily lower the groundwater levels, to allow excavation in dry and stable conditions below natural groundwater level.
This presentation explains different methods of dewatering of ground water during construction works and suggests the suitability of particular method in particular context.
Control of ground water in excavations_Advanced Construction Technology (Seme...A Makwana
The ground water is regarded as one of the most difficult problem in excavation work.
GWT /Water logged area
Erosion or collapse of foundation trench may occur.
Dewatering sub-soil water
Dewatering is a term to describe the removal of groundwater or surface water from for example a construction site. In construction the water is pumped from wells or sumps to temporarily lower the groundwater levels, to allow excavation in dry and stable conditions below natural groundwater level.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
ground water hydrology of Ethiopia.
Hydrology means the science of water. The science deals with occurrence, circulation, and distribution of water of the earth and earth’s atmosphere. Practical applications of hydrology are found in such tasks as the design and operation of hydraulic structures, water supply, wastewater treatment and disposal, irrigation, drainage, hydropower generation, flood control, navigation, erosion and sediment control, salinity control, pollution abatement, recreational use of water, and fish and wildlife protection. Hydrology may be considered to encompass all the hydro-sciences, or defined more strictly as the study of the hydrologic cycle, that is, the endless circulation of water between the earth and its atmosphere. Hydrologic knowledge is applied to the use and control of water resources on the land areas of the earth.
As the branch of science, hydrology is concerned with the water in streams and lakes, rainfall and snowfall, snow and ice on the land and water accruing below the earth’s surface in the pores of the soil & rocks. In general sense, hydrology is very broad subject of on inter-disciplinary nature drawing support from allied sciences, such as meteorology, geology, statistics, chemistry, physics and fluid mechanics hydrology is basically an applied science. It can be used in irrigation, drainage, flood control, water supply, etc. To further emphasize the degree (extent) of applicability, this subject is sometimes classified as: The three important phases of the hydrologic cycle are:
Evaporation and evapotranspiration
Precipitation and
Runoff and
The globe has one-third land and two-thirds Ocean. Evaporation from the surfaces of ponds, lakes, reservoirs, Ocean surfaces, etc. and transpiration from surface vegetation i.e., from plant leaves of cropped land and forests, etc. take place. These vapors rise to the sky, are condensed at higher altitudes by condensation nuclei, and form clouds, resulting in droplet growth. The clouds melt and sometimes burst to result in precipitation of different forms like rain, snow, hail, sleet, mist, dew, and frost. A part of this precipitation flows over the land called runoff and part infilters into the soil, which builds up the groundwater table. The surface runoff joins the streams and the water is stored in reservoirs. A portion of surface runoff and groundwater flow back to the ocean. Again, evaporation starts from the surfaces of lakes, reservoirs, and ocean, and the cycle repeats.
• Of these three phases of the hydrologic cycle, namely, evaporation, precipitation, and runoff, it is the ‘runoff phase’, which is important to a civil engineer since he is concerned with the storage of surface runoff in tanks and reservoirs for the purposes of irrigation, municipal water supply hydroelectric power, etc.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Dewatering methods for excavations at construction sites
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Dewatering of excavations are required at construction sites generally for foundation works. Various methods
for dewatering of excavations are described.
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2. Firm and sound working conditions are indispensable when construction of buildings, powerhouse, dams, and
other structures has to be executed. These structures not only require a dry base for their foundations but also
a good water-table-stability in the girth.
Dewatering of any excavated area is done in order to keep the excavation bottom dry, to prevent the leakage
of water or sand and to avoid upheaval failure. Dewatering could turn out to be a herculean task if one doesn’t
adopt the right method.
The different methods available for dewatering of excavations at constructions sites are not necessarily
interchangeable as each one has a narrow range of applications therefore adopting the right method of
dewatering for a particular ground condition is always a critical and a difficult decision to make.
Minor amount of water can always be pumped out by creating a sump but when other factors like continuous
seepage, excessive smudge come into play one has to resort to a bit of sophistication.
Methods of Dewatering Excavations at Construction Site
There are four important dewatering methods one should be aware of:
Wellpoint method of dewatering,
Eductor wells,
Open sump pumping and
Deep wellpoint method
Wellpoint Method of Dewatering Excavations
1) A series of wells of required depth are created in the vicinity of the excavated area from where the water
has to be pumped out. The wells are arranged either in a line or a rectangular form where the wellpoints are
created at a distance of at least 2m from each other.
2) Riser pipes or dewatering pipes are then installed into those closely spaced wells which on the surface are
connected to a flexible swing pipe which is ultimately appended to a common header pipe that is responsible
for discharging the water away from the site. The purpose of using a flexible swing pipe is just to provide a
clear view of what is being pumped and the purpose of header pipe is to create suction as well as discharge the
water off the working area.
Construction Dewatering
Construction Method
Construction Excavation
Dewatering Systems
Design Method
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3. 3) One end of the header pipe is connected to a vacuum pump which draws water through notches in the
wellpoint. The water then travels from the wellpoints through the flexible swing pipe into the header pipe to
the pump. It is then discharged away from the site or to other processes to remove unwanted properties such
as contaminants.
4) The drawdown using this method is restricted to around five to six meters below the wellpoint pump level. If
a deeper drawdown is required, multiple stages of wellpoints must be used.
Fig: Details of Wellpoint Method for Excavation Dewatering
Eductor Wells Method of Dewatering Excavations
The method is very similar to the wellpoint method of dewatering; the only difference lies in the usage of high
pressure water in the riser units instead of vacuum to draw out water from the wellpoints. The method uses
the venturi principle which is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a high pressure fluid flows
through a constricted section of a pipe.
A high pressure supply main feeds water through a venturi-tube just above the well-screen, creating a
reduction in pressure which draws water through the riser pipe. The high pressure main feeds off the return
water. The biggest advantage of using the eductor system is, the water table can be lowered from depths of
10-45 m if multiple pumps are operated from a single pump station. This method therefore becomes
economically competitive at depth in soils of low permeability.
Open Sump Pumping Method of Dewatering Excavations
This is the most common and economical method of dewatering as gravity is the main playing force. Sump is
created in the excavated area into which the surrounding water converges and accumulates facilitating easy
discharge of water through robust solid handling pumps.
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4. Its application is however confined to the areas where soil is either gravelly or sandy. Since the bottom of the
sump is situated at a level lower than that of the excavation bottom, it will abridge the seepage way along
which groundwater from outside seeps into the excavation zone and as a result the exit gradient of the sump
bottom will be larger than that on the excavation surface.
If the excavation area is large, several sumps may be placed along the longer side or simply use a long narrow
sump which is called a ditch.
Deep Well Method of Dewatering Excavations
Just like the wellpoint method, wells are drilled around the excavated area, but the diameter of wells in this
case varies between 150-200mm. By creating deep wells around the vicinity, the ground water is made to fall
into them under the influence of gravity.
As a result, the ground water level in the surroundings would decline. According to the type and arrangement
of pumps, the depths of the wells could reach up to 30m. This method is generally adopted when a heavy
amount of water from the ground has to be drawn out.
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Casings of diameter fitting to wells are installed in order to retain the wells. Additionally, well screens and
filters (between sidewalls and casing) are used which serve as a filtering device therefore not letting the
unwanted sediments enter into the well. The water thus accumulated is pumped out using a submersible pump
or a centrifugal pump.
It is prudent to assess ground-permeability conditions beforehand since the whole process of accumulation and
pumping takes quite a bit of time. This may cause settlement in the nearby areas and hence a different
technique might need to be adopted.
Read More:
Selection of Excavation Dewatering System for Construction Works
(https://theconstructor.org/construction/selection-excavation-dewatering-system/17523/)
Sumps and Ditches for Dewatering of Excavations -Uses and Advantages
(https://theconstructor.org/construction/sumps-ditches-dewatering-excavations/17515/)
Deep Well Systems For Dewatering of Excavations (https://theconstructor.org/construction/deep-
well-dewatering-excavation/17442/)
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