PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DEGRADATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS.
Physical Factors
Loss of volatile constituents
Loss of water
Absorption of water
Crystal growth
Polymorphism changes
Colour changes
Chemical factors
Hydrolysis
Oxidation
Carboxylation
Decarboxylation
Isomerization
Polymerization
STEREOSPECIFIC REACTION, STEREOSELECTIVE REACTION, OPTICAL PURITY, ENANTIOMERIC EXCESS.. all these topics are explained in this slide with examples and formula.
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-7)(Solid-crystalline, Amorpho...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
CRYSTALLINE SOLID, Types of Crystalline solid, AMORPHOUS SOLID, Difference between crystalline solid and amorphous solid, Why does the amorphous form of drug have better bioavaibility that crystalline couterpaerts?, Polymorphism,
TYPES OF POLYMORPHISM, PROPERTY OF POLYMORPHS, Methods of preparation of Polymorphs, Methods to determine Polymorphism Characterization of Polymorphs, Pharmaceutical Application
The theoretical aspects of suspension is discussed in the above presentation which includes mainly Wetting, Particle- Particle Interaction and Sedimentation. Particle interaction have DLVO theory and schulze hardy rule. Pharmaceutical based.
Chemical kinetics: the study of how fast chemical reactions occur.Specifically:
Rates of consumption of reactants and formation of products.
Response of chemical rates to changes in rxn conditions.
Identification of steps through which rxn takes place.
Reasons for study
Prediction of how quickly a rxn approaches equilibrium.
Understanding or elucidation of rxn mechanisms.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DEGRADATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS.
Physical Factors
Loss of volatile constituents
Loss of water
Absorption of water
Crystal growth
Polymorphism changes
Colour changes
Chemical factors
Hydrolysis
Oxidation
Carboxylation
Decarboxylation
Isomerization
Polymerization
STEREOSPECIFIC REACTION, STEREOSELECTIVE REACTION, OPTICAL PURITY, ENANTIOMERIC EXCESS.. all these topics are explained in this slide with examples and formula.
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-7)(Solid-crystalline, Amorpho...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
CRYSTALLINE SOLID, Types of Crystalline solid, AMORPHOUS SOLID, Difference between crystalline solid and amorphous solid, Why does the amorphous form of drug have better bioavaibility that crystalline couterpaerts?, Polymorphism,
TYPES OF POLYMORPHISM, PROPERTY OF POLYMORPHS, Methods of preparation of Polymorphs, Methods to determine Polymorphism Characterization of Polymorphs, Pharmaceutical Application
The theoretical aspects of suspension is discussed in the above presentation which includes mainly Wetting, Particle- Particle Interaction and Sedimentation. Particle interaction have DLVO theory and schulze hardy rule. Pharmaceutical based.
Chemical kinetics: the study of how fast chemical reactions occur.Specifically:
Rates of consumption of reactants and formation of products.
Response of chemical rates to changes in rxn conditions.
Identification of steps through which rxn takes place.
Reasons for study
Prediction of how quickly a rxn approaches equilibrium.
Understanding or elucidation of rxn mechanisms.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Determination of reaction order.
1. Order of reaction
•Order of a reaction refers to the power dependence of the rate
of concentration of each reactant.
•Order is an experimentally determined parameter.
•For first order reaction , rate is dependant on the
concentration of a single species.
2. Determination of reaction order
❖Exact order of a reaction can be determined experimentally.
❖The methods to determine reaction order are:
•Graphical Method
•Substitution Method
•Half life Method
•Van’t Hoff differential Method
•Ostwald’s isolation Method
3. Graphical Method
▪In presence of single reactant.
▪Rate versus concentration graph:
•‘Log(a-x)’ vs ‘t’ : straight line = first order reaction.
•‘1/(a-x)’ vs ‘t’ : straight line = second order reaction.
•‘1/(a-x)^2’ vs ‘t’ : straight line = third order reaction.
4. Substitution Method
•Hit and trial method.
•Integrated rate law method.
•Concentration and time will be given.
•The value of k is determined .
•If the value of k is constant ,the used
equation gives the order of reaction.
5. Half-life method
• Only used when the rate law involve one concentration
term.
• t(1/2) ∞ a1-n
t(1/2) = k’a1-n
log t(1/2) = log k’ + (1-n)loga
• Graph can be drawn where the slope is (1-n) ,
n = order of reaction.
• If different concentrations are given the ratio of half life
is taken.
,
• By taking logs and rearranging,
6. Van’t Hoff differential method
•The rate of a reaction varies as the ‘n’th power of the
concentration of the reactant , where,
n= reaction order.
• Thus, for two different initial concentrations C1 and C2,
equations can be written in the form:
,
• Taking logarithm and subtracting,
•Or , n = [log(-(dC1)/dt)-log((dC2)/dt)] ÷ [logC1 - log C2]
❑ nA Product
rate = k[A] ⁿ
dxldt = k[A] ⁿ
log(dxldt) = logk + nlogA
y = c + mx (Slope = n)
7. Ostwald’s isolation method
• Initial rate method.
• Initial rate of reaction is determined by varying the
concentration of the reactants while others are kept constant.
• For a reaction given by:
aA + bB → cC + dD
• Rate ∝ [A]x[B]y ⇒ Rate = k[A]x[B]y , where ,
• [A] and [B] are concentration of reactants .
• k is the constant.
• x and y are the partial reaction order.
• If [B] is kept constant,
• R(1) = k[A1]x
• R(2) = k[A2]x
• R(1) / R(2) = ( [A1]/[A2])x
8. Thank You..
Soniya . M . Sunil
B. Pharm
3rd year
Mar Dioscorus College of Pharmacy