This document summarizes the Dakin reaction, an organic redox reaction where an ortho- or para-hydroxylated phenyl aldehyde or ketone reacts with hydrogen peroxide in base to form a benzenediol and a carboxylate. It discusses the mechanism of the Dakin reaction and its synthetic applications. It also describes Dakin's solution, a hypochlorite solution used as an antiseptic to prevent and treat skin and tissue infections, and reviews its uses, side effects, precautions, and interactions.

1. ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
SACHIN KALE
M.Sc PART-1
SEMESTER-1

2. TOPIC NAME
 DAKIN REACTION
 MECHANISM
 SYNTHETIC APPLICATION
 SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTION N.F.XIII (DAKIN’S
SOLUTION)
 USES
 SIDE EFFECTS
 PRECAUTIONS
 INTERACTIONS

3. INTRODUCTION
 The Dakin oxidation (or Dakin reaction) is an organic redox
reaction in which an ortho- or para-
hydroxylated phenyl aldehyde (2-
hydroxybenzaldehyde or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde)
or ketone reacts with hydrogen peroxide in base to form
a benzenediol and a carboxylate. Overall, the carbonyl
group is oxidized, and the hydrogen peroxide is reduced.
 The Dakin oxidation, which is closely related to the Baeyer-
Villiger oxidation, is not to be confused with the Dakin-West
reaction, though both are named after Henry Drysdale
Dakin.

4. DAKIN REACTION
 The oxidation of aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding
phenols is known as Dakin reaction.
 The reaction works best if the aromatic aldehyde or ketone is
electron rich.
 The reagents used in Dakin Reaction are; Alkaline H2O2,
acidic H2O2, Peroxybenzoic acid(C2H4O3), 30% H2O2 with
aryl selenium compounds as activators and Urea-H2O2
adduct.

5. MECHANISM
 The MECHANISM of Dakin reaction is as follows:-

9. APPLICATION
 Dakin reaction has many useful synthetic application.

12. USES
 Dakin's solution is used to prevent and treat skin and tissue
infections that could result from cuts, scrapes and pressure
sores.
 It is also used before and after surgery to prevent surgical wound
infections.
 Dakin's solution is a type of hypochlorite solution. It is made from
bleach that has been diluted and treated to decrease irritation.
 Chlorine, the active ingredient in Dakin's solution, is a strong
antiseptic that kills most forms of bacteria and viruses.
 Protect the surrounding healthy skin with a moisture barrier
ointment (e.g., petroleum jelly) or skin sealant as needed to
prevent irritation.

13. SIDE EFFECTS
 Redness, irritation, swelling, and pain may occur. If any of these effects
persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
 If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, remember that he
or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side
effects. Many people using this product do not have serious side effects.
 A very serious allergic reaction to this product is unlikely, but seek
immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic
reaction may include: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the
face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.
 This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other
effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

14. PRECAUTIONS
 Before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you
are allergic to it; or to any chlorine compounds; or if you have
any other allergies.
 This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can
cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your
pharmacist for more details.
 This product is for external use only. Do not swallow. Do not
use in eyes, ears, or nose. If the solution gets into the eyes,
flush the open eyes right away with clean water for at least
15 minutes.

15. INTERACTIONS
 Your healthcare professionals (e.g., doctor or pharmacist) may
already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be
monitoring you for it. Do not start, stop or change the dosage of
any medicine before checking with them first
 Before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all
prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use,
especially of: other medications/products for use on the skin.
 This document does not contain all possible interactions.
 Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or
pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your
medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and
pharmacist.

16. https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-62261/dakins-solution/details
J. MARCH, ADVANCE ORGANIC CHEMISTRY,4TH EDITION WILEY,NEW YORK IN 1992
REFERNCE

17. THANK YOU