Glaucoma is a silent thief of sight which is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure, slow vision loss leads to permanent blindness. Although the disease is incurable but its symptoms can be minimized therefore early detection of the disease is essential. It is a very expensive process to detect the disease using the modern tools as a result of which we are developing a methodology for detection such that it is affordable by all the sections of the society, also it can be detected at the early stage and prevention can be taken. Hence, proposing a novel methodology for primary glaucoma detection by developing software algorithms in Matlab, which focuses on automated detection of glaucoma from fundus images using CDR calculation.
This document reviews various methods for detecting glaucoma from medical images and proposes a new method. It discusses both manual and automatic detection techniques, including scanning laser polarimetry, optical coherence tomography, wavelet Fourier analysis, and analyzing features from fundus images. The proposed method uses discrete wavelet transforms to extract energy features from retinal images, feeds these features into an artificial neural network for classification of images as normal or glaucomatous, and applies clustering for segmentation to detect affected parts in glaucomatous images. The goal is an automatic system for classifying and segmenting glaucoma from retinal images based on wavelet analysis and neural networks.
This document discusses an approach for the detection of primary open angle glaucoma using retinal vessel diameter measurements. It begins with an introduction to glaucoma and current detection techniques. A novel automated classification system is then proposed that extracts the region of interest around the optic disc from fundus images using preprocessing. Retinal vessels are segmented using wavelet transforms and vessel diameters are measured, particularly for the superior temporal and inferior temporal arteries and veins. A vessel threshold comparator then predicts glaucoma suspect status based on whether the measured diameters fall below established thresholds found to be significant for glaucoma in previous studies. The system provides a potential new data-driven approach for fast, automated glaucoma screening using only fundus images without manual supervision
The complexities of negative dysphotopsiaIqra Nehal
This review article summarizes the complexities of negative dysphotopsia, a dark shadow that some patients perceive in their temporal peripheral vision after cataract surgery. The article discusses that while the etiology is likely multifactorial, research has associated negative dysphotopsia with certain intraocular lens designs, materials, and anatomical features of the eye. Specifically, sharp-edged acrylic lenses with higher refractive indices seem to correlate with higher reported incidence rates. However, the condition has also been observed with other lens types. Overall, the cause remains controversial due to exceptions and likely involves an interplay of multiple ocular factors.
Glaucoma Detection in Retinal Images Using Image Processing Techniques: A SurveyEswar Publications
Glaucoma is a disease associated with human eyes and second conducting movement o fblindness across the globe if
eyes are not treated at preliminary stage. Glaucoma normally occurs with increased intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in eyes and gradually damagesthe vision field of eyes. The term ocular-hypertension is related to those people in whom IOP increases consistently and does not damage the optic nerve. Glaucoma has different types such as open-angle, close-angle, congenital, normal tension and etcetera. Normal tension glaucoma affects vision field and damages optic nerve as well. The term angle means the distance between iris and cornea; if this distance is large it is referred to as open-angle glaucoma and similarly if the distance between iris and cornea is short than this is called close-angle glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma is common as compared to close-angle glaucoma. Close-angle glaucoma is very painful and affects vision field of eyes quickly as compared to open-angle glaucoma. In this
paper, the state of the art CAD systems and image processing methods are studied and compared systematically in terms of their classification accuracy, methodology approach, sensitivity and specificity. The comparison results indicate that the accuracy of these CAD systems and image processing methods is not up to the mark.
This document presents an algorithm to automatically detect glaucoma from ultrasound images of the eye. Glaucoma occurs when fluid pressure inside the eye increases, damaging the optic nerve. Current detection methods like tonometry and ophthalmoscopy are manual and inaccurate. The proposed algorithm first enhances low-resolution ultrasound images using contrast improvement and speckle noise reduction. It then locates the anterior chamber and calculates the angle between the iris and cornea, which is used to diagnose glaucoma. Testing on sample images found the algorithm identified clinical parameters accurately in 97% of cases, outperforming manual analysis. This automatic detection method could improve efficiency and accuracy of glaucoma screening.
Glaucoma is a disease which leads to a permanent blindness to a person. Many techniques are available in medical industry to detect glaucoma. Some traditional techniques are HRT and COT. But both of them are cost effective and time consuming. These inefficiencies leads to the emergence of automatic computer aided system which can detect glaucoma in less time. Optic disc and optic cup smashes an important role in glaucoma detection. This paper gives an study of various techniques that are used in glaucoma detection using automated systems Sherin. J | Devi Kala Rathinam. D | Santhiya Grace. A"Analysis on Glaucoma Detection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15756.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/bioinformatics/15756/analysis-on-glaucoma-detection/sherin-j
Multimodal evaluation of macular function in age related macularAbdallah Ellabban
- The study evaluated macular function in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using visual acuity testing, microperimetry, and focal macular electroretinography (fmERG).
- Eyes with neovascular AMD showed marked deterioration of macular function on all tests as well as changes in the neurosensory retina.
- Eyes with large drusen only showed minimal retinal changes but decreased retinal sensitivity at the central point on microperimetry testing.
- Eyes with drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment (PED) had preserved retinal structure but significantly increased foveal thickness and decreased visual acuity, fmERG amplitudes, and retinal sensitivity,
IRJET- Segmentation of Optic Disc using Bit Plane Technique for Glaucoma Scre...IRJET Journal
This document presents a method for segmenting the optic disc from retinal fundus images for glaucoma screening. It begins with acquiring fundus images using a fundus camera. The optic disc is then localized by detecting the brightest region in the green color channel. Segmentation of the optic disc is performed using a bit plane technique on the red color channel. Finally, blood vessels are removed from the segmented optic disc region. The proposed method was tested on public and local fundus image databases to automatically segment the optic disc for glaucoma screening and analysis of the cup-to-disc ratio.
This document reviews various methods for detecting glaucoma from medical images and proposes a new method. It discusses both manual and automatic detection techniques, including scanning laser polarimetry, optical coherence tomography, wavelet Fourier analysis, and analyzing features from fundus images. The proposed method uses discrete wavelet transforms to extract energy features from retinal images, feeds these features into an artificial neural network for classification of images as normal or glaucomatous, and applies clustering for segmentation to detect affected parts in glaucomatous images. The goal is an automatic system for classifying and segmenting glaucoma from retinal images based on wavelet analysis and neural networks.
This document discusses an approach for the detection of primary open angle glaucoma using retinal vessel diameter measurements. It begins with an introduction to glaucoma and current detection techniques. A novel automated classification system is then proposed that extracts the region of interest around the optic disc from fundus images using preprocessing. Retinal vessels are segmented using wavelet transforms and vessel diameters are measured, particularly for the superior temporal and inferior temporal arteries and veins. A vessel threshold comparator then predicts glaucoma suspect status based on whether the measured diameters fall below established thresholds found to be significant for glaucoma in previous studies. The system provides a potential new data-driven approach for fast, automated glaucoma screening using only fundus images without manual supervision
The complexities of negative dysphotopsiaIqra Nehal
This review article summarizes the complexities of negative dysphotopsia, a dark shadow that some patients perceive in their temporal peripheral vision after cataract surgery. The article discusses that while the etiology is likely multifactorial, research has associated negative dysphotopsia with certain intraocular lens designs, materials, and anatomical features of the eye. Specifically, sharp-edged acrylic lenses with higher refractive indices seem to correlate with higher reported incidence rates. However, the condition has also been observed with other lens types. Overall, the cause remains controversial due to exceptions and likely involves an interplay of multiple ocular factors.
Glaucoma Detection in Retinal Images Using Image Processing Techniques: A SurveyEswar Publications
Glaucoma is a disease associated with human eyes and second conducting movement o fblindness across the globe if
eyes are not treated at preliminary stage. Glaucoma normally occurs with increased intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in eyes and gradually damagesthe vision field of eyes. The term ocular-hypertension is related to those people in whom IOP increases consistently and does not damage the optic nerve. Glaucoma has different types such as open-angle, close-angle, congenital, normal tension and etcetera. Normal tension glaucoma affects vision field and damages optic nerve as well. The term angle means the distance between iris and cornea; if this distance is large it is referred to as open-angle glaucoma and similarly if the distance between iris and cornea is short than this is called close-angle glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma is common as compared to close-angle glaucoma. Close-angle glaucoma is very painful and affects vision field of eyes quickly as compared to open-angle glaucoma. In this
paper, the state of the art CAD systems and image processing methods are studied and compared systematically in terms of their classification accuracy, methodology approach, sensitivity and specificity. The comparison results indicate that the accuracy of these CAD systems and image processing methods is not up to the mark.
This document presents an algorithm to automatically detect glaucoma from ultrasound images of the eye. Glaucoma occurs when fluid pressure inside the eye increases, damaging the optic nerve. Current detection methods like tonometry and ophthalmoscopy are manual and inaccurate. The proposed algorithm first enhances low-resolution ultrasound images using contrast improvement and speckle noise reduction. It then locates the anterior chamber and calculates the angle between the iris and cornea, which is used to diagnose glaucoma. Testing on sample images found the algorithm identified clinical parameters accurately in 97% of cases, outperforming manual analysis. This automatic detection method could improve efficiency and accuracy of glaucoma screening.
Glaucoma is a disease which leads to a permanent blindness to a person. Many techniques are available in medical industry to detect glaucoma. Some traditional techniques are HRT and COT. But both of them are cost effective and time consuming. These inefficiencies leads to the emergence of automatic computer aided system which can detect glaucoma in less time. Optic disc and optic cup smashes an important role in glaucoma detection. This paper gives an study of various techniques that are used in glaucoma detection using automated systems Sherin. J | Devi Kala Rathinam. D | Santhiya Grace. A"Analysis on Glaucoma Detection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15756.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/bioinformatics/15756/analysis-on-glaucoma-detection/sherin-j
Multimodal evaluation of macular function in age related macularAbdallah Ellabban
- The study evaluated macular function in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using visual acuity testing, microperimetry, and focal macular electroretinography (fmERG).
- Eyes with neovascular AMD showed marked deterioration of macular function on all tests as well as changes in the neurosensory retina.
- Eyes with large drusen only showed minimal retinal changes but decreased retinal sensitivity at the central point on microperimetry testing.
- Eyes with drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment (PED) had preserved retinal structure but significantly increased foveal thickness and decreased visual acuity, fmERG amplitudes, and retinal sensitivity,
IRJET- Segmentation of Optic Disc using Bit Plane Technique for Glaucoma Scre...IRJET Journal
This document presents a method for segmenting the optic disc from retinal fundus images for glaucoma screening. It begins with acquiring fundus images using a fundus camera. The optic disc is then localized by detecting the brightest region in the green color channel. Segmentation of the optic disc is performed using a bit plane technique on the red color channel. Finally, blood vessels are removed from the segmented optic disc region. The proposed method was tested on public and local fundus image databases to automatically segment the optic disc for glaucoma screening and analysis of the cup-to-disc ratio.
Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis: a Structural & Functional...Manal AlRomeih
This document analyzes optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a potential biomarker for central nervous system degeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). OCT and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness showed high sensitivity in detecting neurodegeneration in MS patients, correlating with visual functions and disability levels. RNFL thickness was significantly reduced in MS patients, especially those with optic neuritis, and correlated with disease severity measures. OCT may thus serve as a valuable tool to quantify neurodegeneration in MS for use in clinical trials, patient monitoring, and treatment assessment by providing a window into central nervous system changes.
1) The document describes a randomized pre-test post-test study that evaluated the effectiveness of mobile phone and internet-based advocacy in enhancing awareness and knowledge of common vision-impairing diseases among university students in India.
2) At baseline, awareness and knowledge of conditions like cataract was higher than for glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Students who received eye health messages via mobile phone demonstrated significantly greater improvements in awareness and knowledge after the intervention.
3) The study suggests that mobile phone and internet-based advocacy methods can be effective and low-cost ways to promote eye health awareness, especially in underserved communities.
This document discusses various eye care services including cataract surgery, glaucoma, laser vision correction, corneal transplantation, and medical tourism in India. It provides details on procedures like cataract surgery techniques, types of intraocular lenses, corneal transplantation types, LASIK, and Epi-LASIK. It also summarizes why medical tourism is growing in India due to lower costs, world-class facilities, and Arman Healthcare which assists foreign patients with treatment planning and arrangements.
La chirurgie des amétropie n'est pas toujours possible avec les laser modernes. On se tourne alors vers les implants qui peuvent corriger de fortes amétropies avec ou sans astigmatismes ou des patients avec des cornées a risques.
The document discusses implantable contact lenses (ICL) for correcting high refractive errors. Key points include:
- ICL is preferred over LASIK for high myopia or thin corneas, as it has fewer risks of complications.
- ICL is made of a biocompatible collamer material and is implanted in the posterior chamber behind the iris.
- A clinical trial found nearly 60% of eyes achieved 20/20 vision and 95% achieved 20/40 vision or better after 3 years with ICL implantation.
- Complications are generally low but can include cataracts, increased eye pressure, damage to the natural lens, and other rare issues like infections. Most risks are
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness that damages the optic nerve and results in progressive vision loss. It is often asymptomatic in early stages. Glaucoma is controlled by lowering eye pressure through eye drops, laser treatment, or surgery. Regular monitoring is required long-term to preserve remaining vision as damage cannot be reversed. Risk factors include family history, age, eye injuries, and certain medical conditions. Early detection through eye screening can prevent vision loss from glaucoma.
This document summarizes considerations for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in children. It discusses that children's eyes continue growing post-surgery, unlike adult eyes. This growth normally leads to increasing myopia. Studies show a myopic shift of several diopters on average after IOL implantation in young children, with the greatest shifts in infants. There is no consensus on the ideal postoperative refractive goal in children, though many surgeons aim for hyperopia in younger children and emmetropia or mild myopia in older children.
The document discusses diabetic retinopathy and the services available at Eagle Eye Centre for its diagnosis and treatment. It describes imaging techniques like optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography that Eagle Eye Centre uses to accurately diagnose diabetic retinopathy. It mentions treatments like laser therapy and intravitreal injections that can be performed, as well as counseling on lifestyle modifications and low vision aids. Surgery and additional laser treatments are options if needed.
Dr. Julian Theng launched the first edition of "A Long-Sighted Look at Presbyopia – Facts, Fiction and Hope" in 2007 to address problems with presbyopia. Eagle Eye Centre is committed to leading treatment for presbyopia and providing patients with the best possible care through a thorough understanding of their situations and a comprehensive range of treatment options. Presbyopia is caused by changes in the lens and supporting muscles that make the lens stiffer and less elastic with age. Treatments for presbyopia include LASIK monovision, corneal inlays, progressive spectacles, multifocal contact lenses, and multifocal lens implants.
Phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) have been used since the late 1980s to correct refractive errors as an alternative to LASIK. There are three main types - anterior chamber angle supported, anterior chamber iris fixated, and posterior chamber IOLs. They are indicated for high myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism when LASIK is contraindicated. Risks include endothelial cell loss, inflammation, glaucoma, and cataract formation. Recent advances include toric models, foldable designs, and potential future options like ultrathin or responsive "smart" lenses. Phakic IOLs can provide stable correction of a wide range of refractive errors while retaining accommodation.
The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. A retinal tear or hole allows fluid from behind the eye to enter and cause a retinal detachment. Risk factors for retinal detachment include increasing age, family history, prior eye surgery or trauma, high nearsightedness, and eye conditions like diabetes. Symptoms include new floaters, flashes of light, blurred or blocked vision. Treatment options depend on whether there is a tear, hole, or full detachment, but may involve laser treatment, cryotherapy, or vitrectomy surgery to repair, seal, and reattach the retina. Regular eye exams are important for those at higher risk.
Detection of Exudates Caused By Diabetic Retinopathy in Fundus Retinal Image ...IOSR Journals
This document presents a method for detecting exudates caused by diabetic retinopathy in fundus retinal images using fuzzy K-means clustering and a neural network. It begins with background on the anatomy of the eye, retinal images, diabetes, and diabetic retinopathy. Exudates are described as lipid and protein accumulations in the retina. The method involves pre-processing images using histogram equalization, fuzzy K-means clustering to identify exudates, and a backpropagation neural network. Results on normal and abnormal images show the method can efficiently detect exudates within a short time compared to other techniques. The accuracy of diagnosing retinal diseases from images is improved.
Extracapsular cataract surgery involves removing the clouded lens and surrounding capsule from the eye. The most common method is phacoemulsification, which uses ultrasound to break up the lens for removal through a small incision. After removal of the cataract, an intraocular lens implant is typically placed. Surgery is usually quick and has a high success rate in improving vision, but risks include infection, swelling, bleeding or complications that may require further treatment.
This document provides information on various types of phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) that are implanted to correct refractive errors while leaving the natural lens in place. It discusses the history of phakic IOLs and describes anterior chamber angle-supported IOLs, iris-fixated IOLs, and posterior chamber phakic IOLs. The key points covered include the indications, surgical procedures, power calculation methods, potential complications, and advantages/disadvantages of each phakic IOL type.
The document summarizes ophthalmic disorders that can affect different parts of the eye. It begins with an overview of eye anatomy and physiology, describing the three layers of the eye - outer, middle and inner. It then discusses several common eye disorders that can affect each layer, including dry eyes and conjunctivitis in the outer layer, keratoconus and refractive errors in the middle layer, and conditions like glaucoma, cataracts and floaters in the inner layer. Specific disorders covered in more depth include uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and the different types of glaucoma and cataracts. The document provides details on symptoms, causes and treatment for
Accommodative and multifocal intraocular lensesBijan Farpour
This document discusses accommodative and multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) that are surgically implanted to replace the eye's natural lens and help restore vision and the ability to focus at different distances. It provides information on how the eye works, common refractive errors, the IOL procedure, types of IOLs including multifocal and accommodative IOLs, risks and considerations, and whether refractive surgery is right for a given patient.
A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of the eye that can cause blurred or dim vision. It is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and a common cause of vision impairment in the United States. Cataracts develop due to aging, sun exposure, smoking, poor nutrition, eye trauma, certain diseases, and some medications. Diagnosis involves an eye exam using a slit lamp microscope. Treatment is typically cataract surgery to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with an artificial intraocular lens. The decision for surgery depends on the degree of vision impairment and its impact on quality of life. Modern cataract surgery is a low risk outpatient procedure with rapid recovery of clear vision.
DIAGNOSTICS-IMPACT ON THE PREMIUM CHANNEL - Heidelberg EngineeringHealthegy
Presentation from OIS@ASCRS 2016 - Kester Nahen, PhD, Managing Director
Video Presentation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MqL1-bz4JE&list=PL1dmdBNnPTZJBhQxPOp0vdNg3s3wtN2yw&index=26
The document provides an overview of intraocular lenses (IOLs). It discusses the history and definition of IOLs, the generations of IOLs, parts of an IOL, IOL designs, materials, and properties. It also covers IOL placement sites, power calculation, complications like posterior capsular opacification, and recent advances in premium IOLs including multifocal, accommodative, and toric lenses.
Glaucoma Screening Using Novel Evaluated CNN Architecture: An Automated Appro...IRJET Journal
The document proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture to detect glaucoma from fundus images. It involves preprocessing images using techniques like resizing, grayscale conversion, and CLAHE. The images are then segmented using Canny edge detection. An 8-layer CNN is trained on labeled images to classify images as normal or glaucoma based on extracted features. The proposed method achieves high classification accuracy, demonstrating its reliability for early glaucoma detection through automated analysis of fundus images.
The document discusses two implantable medical devices used in the eye: phakic lenses and subconjunctival implants. Phakic lenses are implanted during surgery to correct vision without removing the natural lens. Subconjunctival implants made of biodegradable polymers like PLGA and PLC can provide sustained drug delivery to lower intraocular pressure for glaucoma treatment overcoming issues with eye drops. Animal studies found both implants to be biocompatible with minimal inflammation and no evidence of toxicity.
Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis: a Structural & Functional...Manal AlRomeih
This document analyzes optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a potential biomarker for central nervous system degeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). OCT and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness showed high sensitivity in detecting neurodegeneration in MS patients, correlating with visual functions and disability levels. RNFL thickness was significantly reduced in MS patients, especially those with optic neuritis, and correlated with disease severity measures. OCT may thus serve as a valuable tool to quantify neurodegeneration in MS for use in clinical trials, patient monitoring, and treatment assessment by providing a window into central nervous system changes.
1) The document describes a randomized pre-test post-test study that evaluated the effectiveness of mobile phone and internet-based advocacy in enhancing awareness and knowledge of common vision-impairing diseases among university students in India.
2) At baseline, awareness and knowledge of conditions like cataract was higher than for glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Students who received eye health messages via mobile phone demonstrated significantly greater improvements in awareness and knowledge after the intervention.
3) The study suggests that mobile phone and internet-based advocacy methods can be effective and low-cost ways to promote eye health awareness, especially in underserved communities.
This document discusses various eye care services including cataract surgery, glaucoma, laser vision correction, corneal transplantation, and medical tourism in India. It provides details on procedures like cataract surgery techniques, types of intraocular lenses, corneal transplantation types, LASIK, and Epi-LASIK. It also summarizes why medical tourism is growing in India due to lower costs, world-class facilities, and Arman Healthcare which assists foreign patients with treatment planning and arrangements.
La chirurgie des amétropie n'est pas toujours possible avec les laser modernes. On se tourne alors vers les implants qui peuvent corriger de fortes amétropies avec ou sans astigmatismes ou des patients avec des cornées a risques.
The document discusses implantable contact lenses (ICL) for correcting high refractive errors. Key points include:
- ICL is preferred over LASIK for high myopia or thin corneas, as it has fewer risks of complications.
- ICL is made of a biocompatible collamer material and is implanted in the posterior chamber behind the iris.
- A clinical trial found nearly 60% of eyes achieved 20/20 vision and 95% achieved 20/40 vision or better after 3 years with ICL implantation.
- Complications are generally low but can include cataracts, increased eye pressure, damage to the natural lens, and other rare issues like infections. Most risks are
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness that damages the optic nerve and results in progressive vision loss. It is often asymptomatic in early stages. Glaucoma is controlled by lowering eye pressure through eye drops, laser treatment, or surgery. Regular monitoring is required long-term to preserve remaining vision as damage cannot be reversed. Risk factors include family history, age, eye injuries, and certain medical conditions. Early detection through eye screening can prevent vision loss from glaucoma.
This document summarizes considerations for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in children. It discusses that children's eyes continue growing post-surgery, unlike adult eyes. This growth normally leads to increasing myopia. Studies show a myopic shift of several diopters on average after IOL implantation in young children, with the greatest shifts in infants. There is no consensus on the ideal postoperative refractive goal in children, though many surgeons aim for hyperopia in younger children and emmetropia or mild myopia in older children.
The document discusses diabetic retinopathy and the services available at Eagle Eye Centre for its diagnosis and treatment. It describes imaging techniques like optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography that Eagle Eye Centre uses to accurately diagnose diabetic retinopathy. It mentions treatments like laser therapy and intravitreal injections that can be performed, as well as counseling on lifestyle modifications and low vision aids. Surgery and additional laser treatments are options if needed.
Dr. Julian Theng launched the first edition of "A Long-Sighted Look at Presbyopia – Facts, Fiction and Hope" in 2007 to address problems with presbyopia. Eagle Eye Centre is committed to leading treatment for presbyopia and providing patients with the best possible care through a thorough understanding of their situations and a comprehensive range of treatment options. Presbyopia is caused by changes in the lens and supporting muscles that make the lens stiffer and less elastic with age. Treatments for presbyopia include LASIK monovision, corneal inlays, progressive spectacles, multifocal contact lenses, and multifocal lens implants.
Phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) have been used since the late 1980s to correct refractive errors as an alternative to LASIK. There are three main types - anterior chamber angle supported, anterior chamber iris fixated, and posterior chamber IOLs. They are indicated for high myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism when LASIK is contraindicated. Risks include endothelial cell loss, inflammation, glaucoma, and cataract formation. Recent advances include toric models, foldable designs, and potential future options like ultrathin or responsive "smart" lenses. Phakic IOLs can provide stable correction of a wide range of refractive errors while retaining accommodation.
The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. A retinal tear or hole allows fluid from behind the eye to enter and cause a retinal detachment. Risk factors for retinal detachment include increasing age, family history, prior eye surgery or trauma, high nearsightedness, and eye conditions like diabetes. Symptoms include new floaters, flashes of light, blurred or blocked vision. Treatment options depend on whether there is a tear, hole, or full detachment, but may involve laser treatment, cryotherapy, or vitrectomy surgery to repair, seal, and reattach the retina. Regular eye exams are important for those at higher risk.
Detection of Exudates Caused By Diabetic Retinopathy in Fundus Retinal Image ...IOSR Journals
This document presents a method for detecting exudates caused by diabetic retinopathy in fundus retinal images using fuzzy K-means clustering and a neural network. It begins with background on the anatomy of the eye, retinal images, diabetes, and diabetic retinopathy. Exudates are described as lipid and protein accumulations in the retina. The method involves pre-processing images using histogram equalization, fuzzy K-means clustering to identify exudates, and a backpropagation neural network. Results on normal and abnormal images show the method can efficiently detect exudates within a short time compared to other techniques. The accuracy of diagnosing retinal diseases from images is improved.
Extracapsular cataract surgery involves removing the clouded lens and surrounding capsule from the eye. The most common method is phacoemulsification, which uses ultrasound to break up the lens for removal through a small incision. After removal of the cataract, an intraocular lens implant is typically placed. Surgery is usually quick and has a high success rate in improving vision, but risks include infection, swelling, bleeding or complications that may require further treatment.
This document provides information on various types of phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) that are implanted to correct refractive errors while leaving the natural lens in place. It discusses the history of phakic IOLs and describes anterior chamber angle-supported IOLs, iris-fixated IOLs, and posterior chamber phakic IOLs. The key points covered include the indications, surgical procedures, power calculation methods, potential complications, and advantages/disadvantages of each phakic IOL type.
The document summarizes ophthalmic disorders that can affect different parts of the eye. It begins with an overview of eye anatomy and physiology, describing the three layers of the eye - outer, middle and inner. It then discusses several common eye disorders that can affect each layer, including dry eyes and conjunctivitis in the outer layer, keratoconus and refractive errors in the middle layer, and conditions like glaucoma, cataracts and floaters in the inner layer. Specific disorders covered in more depth include uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and the different types of glaucoma and cataracts. The document provides details on symptoms, causes and treatment for
Accommodative and multifocal intraocular lensesBijan Farpour
This document discusses accommodative and multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) that are surgically implanted to replace the eye's natural lens and help restore vision and the ability to focus at different distances. It provides information on how the eye works, common refractive errors, the IOL procedure, types of IOLs including multifocal and accommodative IOLs, risks and considerations, and whether refractive surgery is right for a given patient.
A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of the eye that can cause blurred or dim vision. It is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and a common cause of vision impairment in the United States. Cataracts develop due to aging, sun exposure, smoking, poor nutrition, eye trauma, certain diseases, and some medications. Diagnosis involves an eye exam using a slit lamp microscope. Treatment is typically cataract surgery to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with an artificial intraocular lens. The decision for surgery depends on the degree of vision impairment and its impact on quality of life. Modern cataract surgery is a low risk outpatient procedure with rapid recovery of clear vision.
DIAGNOSTICS-IMPACT ON THE PREMIUM CHANNEL - Heidelberg EngineeringHealthegy
Presentation from OIS@ASCRS 2016 - Kester Nahen, PhD, Managing Director
Video Presentation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MqL1-bz4JE&list=PL1dmdBNnPTZJBhQxPOp0vdNg3s3wtN2yw&index=26
The document provides an overview of intraocular lenses (IOLs). It discusses the history and definition of IOLs, the generations of IOLs, parts of an IOL, IOL designs, materials, and properties. It also covers IOL placement sites, power calculation, complications like posterior capsular opacification, and recent advances in premium IOLs including multifocal, accommodative, and toric lenses.
Glaucoma Screening Using Novel Evaluated CNN Architecture: An Automated Appro...IRJET Journal
The document proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture to detect glaucoma from fundus images. It involves preprocessing images using techniques like resizing, grayscale conversion, and CLAHE. The images are then segmented using Canny edge detection. An 8-layer CNN is trained on labeled images to classify images as normal or glaucoma based on extracted features. The proposed method achieves high classification accuracy, demonstrating its reliability for early glaucoma detection through automated analysis of fundus images.
The document discusses two implantable medical devices used in the eye: phakic lenses and subconjunctival implants. Phakic lenses are implanted during surgery to correct vision without removing the natural lens. Subconjunctival implants made of biodegradable polymers like PLGA and PLC can provide sustained drug delivery to lower intraocular pressure for glaucoma treatment overcoming issues with eye drops. Animal studies found both implants to be biocompatible with minimal inflammation and no evidence of toxicity.
Here are the key points about amblyopia or "lazy eye":
- It is a disorder of sight caused when the eye and brain do not work together properly during early childhood development.
- It results in decreased vision in one eye that otherwise appears normal.
- Common causes include strabismus (eye misalignment), high refractive error differences between the eyes, or clouding of the eye lens.
- These conditions interfere with proper focusing during a critical period of visual development in childhood.
- Even after the underlying medical cause is corrected, full vision may not be restored because the brain has learned to ignore images from that eye.
- It is the most common cause of monocular (single eye
Glaucoma is caused by increased pressure in the eye due to a backup of fluid that over time damages the optic nerve. It is often asymptomatic until vision is impaired. The main types are primary open-angle glaucoma, which is the most common, as well as normal tension glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma, and others. Treatment aims to lower pressure through medication or surgery to prevent further vision loss.
IRJET - Classification of Retinopathy using Machine LearningIRJET Journal
This document discusses using machine learning algorithms to classify different types of retinopathy from retinal images. It begins with an abstract that outlines using feature extraction and the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm to predict and classify disease in retinal images. The introduction then defines different types of retinopathy including diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity. The literature review discusses research on retinal vascular development in premature infants, a classification system for retinopathy of prematurity, and automated detection of diabetic retinopathy from digital fundus images.
Extraction of Features from Fundus Images for Diabetes Detectionpaperpublications3
Abstract: Diabetes is a quickly increasing worldwide problem which is produced by defective organic process of glucose secretion that produces long-term dis-function and harmful for different organs. The major problem of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy (DR), which are vascular diseases affecting the retina due to long time diabetes. It can produce sudden vision loss due to DR. So we need to develop the system to examine the retinal images for obtain important features of diabetic retinopathy by using the image processing techniques. First the entire image is segmented. From that segmented regions, we can check varying changes in blood vessels and different features for e.g. exudates, microaneurysms, and also a set of features such as color, size, edge and texture which can be used as part of an automatic diabetes recognition system.
SVM based CSR disease detection for OCT and Fundus ImagingIRJET Journal
This document discusses using support vector machines (SVM) to detect central serous retinopathy (CSR) disease from optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus images. CSR is a retinal disease caused by fluid accumulation beneath the retina that can impair vision. The document reviews literature on CSR detection using machine learning and deep learning techniques. It then describes using SVM on OCT and fundus image datasets to classify and identify CSR disease, with the findings and accuracy compared after implementation.
This document presents a method for detecting glaucoma from retinal images using convolutional neural networks. Glaucoma causes irreversible blindness if not detected early. Existing methods use hand-crafted feature extraction and classification techniques, but deep learning methods can learn discriminative features automatically. The proposed system uses a CNN for automated glaucoma detection. It extracts the optic cup and disc as regions of interest from preprocessed images. Features like cup-to-disc ratio are then used to classify images as healthy or glaucomatous using the CNN. The CNN architecture includes convolutional, pooling and fully connected layers with ReLU and sigmoid activation functions. This fully automated deep learning approach can detect glaucoma even in early stages from fundus images
Overview of glaucoma from an engineering perspective for ophthalmologic technology used for diagnosis, disease management and eventually for personalized medicine.
External download link: https://www.dropbox.com/s/i7qmd5ecj8c247x/glaucoma_overview.pdf?dl=0
This document summarizes a research article that proposes a new approach for detecting glaucoma using optic disc localization in retinal fundus images. It begins with an introduction to glaucoma and the importance of detecting changes in the optic disc for diagnosis. Next, it reviews existing literature on optic disc detection techniques. Then it describes the proposed method, which includes preprocessing images, detecting the optic disc using template matching and properties of the disc, and classifying images as glaucomatous or non-glaucomatous based on the cup-to-disc ratio. The method aims to provide an automated screening system to efficiently analyze large numbers of fundus images and help diagnose glaucoma.
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection using Neural Networkingijtsrd
1. The document presents a neural network approach for detecting diabetic retinopathy from retinal images. A CNN is trained on a dataset of 3,662 images to classify the stages of diabetic retinopathy from no DR to proliferative DR.
2. The neural network is fine-tuned using transfer learning with a ResNet50 model. It achieves 78% accuracy on a validation set of 733 images.
3. Diabetic retinopathy cannot be cured, so the goal is to detect it early to prevent vision loss. This system aims to classify DR stages from retinal images to identify the disease early and help prevent further vision loss.
This document provides an overview of ophthalmology and eye anatomy and disorders. It discusses that globally, 37 billion people are blind with the main causes being cataract, glaucoma, trachoma, and diabetic retinopathy. It describes the anatomy of the eye including the cornea, iris, lens, retina and other structures. Common eye disorders covered include sty, chalazion, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, ptosis, entropion, ectropion, and tumors of the eyelids. Disorders of the orbit such as cellulitis, thyroid eye disease, and tumors are also summarized. The document concludes with diseases of the conjunctiva including allergic, vernal,
The document discusses a phoropter, a device used in eye exams to test different lenses in front of the eyes. A phoropter holds multiple lenses that can be switched manually to determine the precise lens needed to correct vision. It describes how phoropters work by having the optometrist adjust lenses in front of the patient's eyes while they respond to visual tests. The document also mentions that phoropters rely on a patient's visual perception and responses during testing.
Inferior posterior staphyloma: choroidal maps and macular complications Abdallah Ellabban
Eyes with inferior posterior staphyloma showed marked choroidal thinning along the superior border of the staphyloma. As patient age increased, choroidal thinning progressed in the entire macular area. Eyes with neovascular complications associated with the staphyloma had significantly reduced macular choroidal thickness compared to eyes without complications. Reduction of the choroidal thickness with age seemed to be involved in the development of neovascularization associated with inferior posterior staphyloma.
This document provides an introduction to ophthalmology, including:
1. An overview of eye anatomy and the structures that make up the eyeball like the sclera, cornea, iris, lens, vitreous humor, and visual pathway.
2. A brief discussion of eye embryology and how the eye develops from the optic vesicle and surface ectoderm during pregnancy.
3. An outline of common ocular examinations, diagnostic tools, and treatments for refractive errors, glaucoma, and cataracts.
Annotating Retina Fundus Images for Teaching and Learning Diabetic Retinopath...ITIIIndustries
1) The document discusses the development of a software to annotate retina fundus images for teaching and learning about diabetic retinopathy.
2) The authors collected 625 fundus images from Bangladesh and designed annotation software to store patient information, infection levels, and locations in the images. They introduced a K-nearest neighbor technique to accurately select regions of interest since it can be difficult for experts.
3) Once experts annotate the images using this software, it can be used by students for learning about diabetic retinopathy stages and symptoms. The dataset and software aim to address the lack of proper diabetic retinopathy datasets and aid medical education.
Annotating Retina Fundus Images for Teaching and Learning Diabetic Retinopath...Carrie Cox
1) The document discusses the development of a software to annotate retina fundus images for teaching and learning about diabetic retinopathy.
2) The authors collected 625 fundus images from Bangladesh and designed annotation software to store patient information, infection levels, and locations in the images.
3) They introduced a K-nearest neighbor technique to accurately select regions of interest, as it can be difficult for experts to select all appropriate pixels of infected regions. The annotated images and software can then be used by medical students for learning about diabetic retinopathy.
— Man is the intermediate host in the life cycle of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. Its larval form Cysticercus cellulosae is the causative agent of cysticercosis. Both intraocular and extra ocular cysticercosis are observed in tropical countries like India. A case of extra ocular cysticercosis is reported here. An eight year old female patient who was brought to emergency department with pain and swelling around peri-orbital region, diminution of vision along with ptosis in left eye. CT scan showed scolex of Taenia solium in left medial rectus muscle. The patient recovered completely with oral albendazole steroids for four weeks. So a case with pain and swelling around peri-orbital region, diminution of vision along with ptosis in left eye should be investigated for cysticercosis.
The eye has several components including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina, macula, and optic nerve. Light enters through the cornea and is focused by the lens onto the retina. The retina senses light and sends signals through the optic nerve to the brain where images are formed. Disorders mentioned include glaucoma, cataracts, retinal detachment, conjunctivitis, uveitis, keratoconus, blepharitis, styes, and nearsightedness. Many can be treated through eyedrops, glasses, or surgery.
Similar to Design of algorithms for diagnosis of primary glaucoma through estimation of CDR in different types of Fundus Images using IP techniques (20)
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Gas agency management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.