Transport networks have evolved to support a variety of traffic types over greater distances due to technologies like WDM and DWDM. This has led to a transition from voice-dominated to multi-service networks. Advances in optical networking components like EDFAs, AWGs, and ROADMs along with multi-service platforms have enabled direct transport of Ethernet frames over optical wavelengths without intermediate protocols. Further standards development aims to provide carrier-class qualities to Ethernet while optical networking seeks greater flexibility through technologies like DOADMs. Future networks will require dynamic bandwidth allocation and lower-cost metro access solutions.
Since the photonic layer is the cheapest on a per-bit, per-function basis, and since
the key imperative before operator's today is to bridge the yawning gap between
exponentially increasing data traffic on the one-hand, and flat-to-declining revenues
on the other, a tighter coupling between the packet and optical layers to derive
operational, management, and deployment efficiencies, has...
Enabling 5G X-Haul with Deterministic Ethernet - A TransPacket whitepaperIvar Søvold
Transpacket (www.transpacket.com) explores the concept of Ethernet X-Haul in a newly released whitepaper. Discussed extensively in the mobile industry in connection with 5G, the idea is to have an Ethernet based converged transport network serving multiple purposes including fronthaul and backhaul. The whitepaper presents the RAN architectures under consideration for 5G, and their consequences in terms of requirements for the transport network. It further describes how an innovative Ethernet scheduling mechanism is required to support deterministic Ethernet, and to fully achieve an 5G Ethernet X-Haul. It also introduces two use cases, namely Ethernet Crosshaul, and Indoor Coverage, which demonstrate the added value of deterministic Ethernet for mobile transport applications.
Ethernet Demarcation Devices for managing end to end Ethernet service deliveryMetrodata Limited
The use of Ethernet by Telecommunications Service Providers, for Corporate connectivity services, is growing rapidly and is set to dominate within just a few years.End-to-end Ethernet networks offer a number of advantages, particularly in terms of reduced cost and complexity, compared against today's 'managed Router' networks, deployed by the majority of Service Providers.Nevertheless, in today's deregulated Telecoms environment, many Ethernet Service Providers deploy Infrastructure Networks acquired on a wholesale basis, for either for long-haul circuits, local 'last mile' access, or both. Only by having their own manageable network demarcation entities at the customer premises can the Service Provider achieve effective visibility to both local customer connections and end-to-end circuits.Our White Paper examines the challenges of Management of end-to-end network connections experienced by Ethernet Service Providers and looks at how the use of cost-effective, manageable Ethernet Demarcation Devices can help them to meet those challenges
Since the photonic layer is the cheapest on a per-bit, per-function basis, and since
the key imperative before operator's today is to bridge the yawning gap between
exponentially increasing data traffic on the one-hand, and flat-to-declining revenues
on the other, a tighter coupling between the packet and optical layers to derive
operational, management, and deployment efficiencies, has...
Enabling 5G X-Haul with Deterministic Ethernet - A TransPacket whitepaperIvar Søvold
Transpacket (www.transpacket.com) explores the concept of Ethernet X-Haul in a newly released whitepaper. Discussed extensively in the mobile industry in connection with 5G, the idea is to have an Ethernet based converged transport network serving multiple purposes including fronthaul and backhaul. The whitepaper presents the RAN architectures under consideration for 5G, and their consequences in terms of requirements for the transport network. It further describes how an innovative Ethernet scheduling mechanism is required to support deterministic Ethernet, and to fully achieve an 5G Ethernet X-Haul. It also introduces two use cases, namely Ethernet Crosshaul, and Indoor Coverage, which demonstrate the added value of deterministic Ethernet for mobile transport applications.
Ethernet Demarcation Devices for managing end to end Ethernet service deliveryMetrodata Limited
The use of Ethernet by Telecommunications Service Providers, for Corporate connectivity services, is growing rapidly and is set to dominate within just a few years.End-to-end Ethernet networks offer a number of advantages, particularly in terms of reduced cost and complexity, compared against today's 'managed Router' networks, deployed by the majority of Service Providers.Nevertheless, in today's deregulated Telecoms environment, many Ethernet Service Providers deploy Infrastructure Networks acquired on a wholesale basis, for either for long-haul circuits, local 'last mile' access, or both. Only by having their own manageable network demarcation entities at the customer premises can the Service Provider achieve effective visibility to both local customer connections and end-to-end circuits.Our White Paper examines the challenges of Management of end-to-end network connections experienced by Ethernet Service Providers and looks at how the use of cost-effective, manageable Ethernet Demarcation Devices can help them to meet those challenges
Mpls tp as packet platform for critical services in power transmissionHughCab
Beyond the trend of using IP as the “up to date technology” for SCADA (IEC
60870-5-104) and protections scheme integrated to a centralized management
of the load (Sinchrophasors PMU), there is the need to approach the automatic
switching and intrinsic autonomy of routing algorithms to provide smart
capability to the communications network [1]. For long time IP equipment
manufacturers have been trying to penetrate the electrical utilities with partial
success, they were able to support only added value services as IP Video, VoIP
and corporate IP traffic which is are not “critical” or essential to the electrical
power system operation.
On this paper is presented a theoretical-practical evaluation of the MPLS-TP
protocol which offers an IP platform according to the complimentary services
requirements (high bandwidth) as well for reliable channels features through
the emulation of TDM systems with delay, symmetry and self-healing switching
in order to warrant the correct operation of critical services as Teleprotection,
Differential Relays and Sinchrophasors.
Key time measurements will be presented which certifies the theoretical
reliability of MPLS-TP as main IP communication platform in electrical
transmission systems.
White Paper-Evolution from 10Gbps to 100Gbps for a Metro Network-hsSusmita Adhikari Joshi
Overlaying flourishing 10 Gb/s services with additional co-propagating 10 Gb/s channels in different colors, or wavelengths, is already common practice. Network operators eager to increase capacity have begun overlaying 40 Gb/s channels onto available fiber without leasing more dark fibers as the best pragmatic approach. With the advent of 100G technology, the interest is now shifting from 40G to 100G installations.
In this paper, we delve into the basics of existing monitoring technology and discuss an interesting in-service real-time monitoring solution that provides instantaneous root cause of
the fault without any influence on data traffic. Furthermore, applications of this novel technology are also illustrated.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Abstract: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), a subclass of mobile ad hoc network (MANET), is a
promising approach for the intelligent transport system (ITS). VANET allows vehicles to form a self-organized
network without the need for a permanent infrastructure. As the VANET has a potential in improving road
safety, real time traffic update and other travel comforts, it turns attention of the researcher. Though VANET
and MANET shares some common characteristics like self-organized network, dynamic topology, ad hoc nature
etc, VANET differs from MANET by challenges, application, architecture, power constraint and mobility
patterns, so routing protocols used in MANET are not applicable with VANET. New routing strategy for VANET
has been proposed by many researchers in recent year. This paper provides focus on the various aspects of
VANET like architecture, characteristic, challenges, glimpse of routing protocols, and simulation models used
for VANET.
Keywords: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks; routing; position based routing; characteristics; transmission strategies
Bandwidth is Becoming Commodity :
Price per bit went down by 99% in the last 5 years on the optical side
This is one of the problems of the current telecom market
Optical Metro – cheap high bandwidth access
$1000 a month for 100FX (in major cities)
This is less than the cost of T1 several years ago
Optical Long-Haul and Metro access - change of the price point
Reasonable price drive more users (non residential)
Architectural Options for Metro Carrier-Ethernet Network Buildout: Analysis &...Vishal Sharma, Ph.D.
This workshop is one of the first that we're aware of to give a detailed taxonomy & analysis of deployment options for Carrier Ethernet-based metro/access networks, in one place. We elaborate each option addressing questions like: network architectures possible? Is other supporting technology needed? Or, is it standalone for the applications/services a provider might run, and so on.
Implications of super channels on CDC ROADM architecturesAnuj Malik
OFC 2014 Presentation
This study proposes CDC ROADM architecture compatible with emerging DWDM super-channel technology. A real world network model is used to quantify that this architecture requires fewer network components leading to less capital and operational costs.
The goal of the carrier today is to offer manageable end-user data services with a measurable QoS (Quality-of-Service) at the minimum cost per bit, using the smallest footprint systems, with the simplest implementation that allows for service-level agreements, operational efficiency, and traffic scalability. This has lead to the emergence of two design principles: the lower the layer at which...
Mpls tp as packet platform for critical services in power transmissionHughCab
Beyond the trend of using IP as the “up to date technology” for SCADA (IEC
60870-5-104) and protections scheme integrated to a centralized management
of the load (Sinchrophasors PMU), there is the need to approach the automatic
switching and intrinsic autonomy of routing algorithms to provide smart
capability to the communications network [1]. For long time IP equipment
manufacturers have been trying to penetrate the electrical utilities with partial
success, they were able to support only added value services as IP Video, VoIP
and corporate IP traffic which is are not “critical” or essential to the electrical
power system operation.
On this paper is presented a theoretical-practical evaluation of the MPLS-TP
protocol which offers an IP platform according to the complimentary services
requirements (high bandwidth) as well for reliable channels features through
the emulation of TDM systems with delay, symmetry and self-healing switching
in order to warrant the correct operation of critical services as Teleprotection,
Differential Relays and Sinchrophasors.
Key time measurements will be presented which certifies the theoretical
reliability of MPLS-TP as main IP communication platform in electrical
transmission systems.
White Paper-Evolution from 10Gbps to 100Gbps for a Metro Network-hsSusmita Adhikari Joshi
Overlaying flourishing 10 Gb/s services with additional co-propagating 10 Gb/s channels in different colors, or wavelengths, is already common practice. Network operators eager to increase capacity have begun overlaying 40 Gb/s channels onto available fiber without leasing more dark fibers as the best pragmatic approach. With the advent of 100G technology, the interest is now shifting from 40G to 100G installations.
In this paper, we delve into the basics of existing monitoring technology and discuss an interesting in-service real-time monitoring solution that provides instantaneous root cause of
the fault without any influence on data traffic. Furthermore, applications of this novel technology are also illustrated.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Abstract: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), a subclass of mobile ad hoc network (MANET), is a
promising approach for the intelligent transport system (ITS). VANET allows vehicles to form a self-organized
network without the need for a permanent infrastructure. As the VANET has a potential in improving road
safety, real time traffic update and other travel comforts, it turns attention of the researcher. Though VANET
and MANET shares some common characteristics like self-organized network, dynamic topology, ad hoc nature
etc, VANET differs from MANET by challenges, application, architecture, power constraint and mobility
patterns, so routing protocols used in MANET are not applicable with VANET. New routing strategy for VANET
has been proposed by many researchers in recent year. This paper provides focus on the various aspects of
VANET like architecture, characteristic, challenges, glimpse of routing protocols, and simulation models used
for VANET.
Keywords: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks; routing; position based routing; characteristics; transmission strategies
Bandwidth is Becoming Commodity :
Price per bit went down by 99% in the last 5 years on the optical side
This is one of the problems of the current telecom market
Optical Metro – cheap high bandwidth access
$1000 a month for 100FX (in major cities)
This is less than the cost of T1 several years ago
Optical Long-Haul and Metro access - change of the price point
Reasonable price drive more users (non residential)
Architectural Options for Metro Carrier-Ethernet Network Buildout: Analysis &...Vishal Sharma, Ph.D.
This workshop is one of the first that we're aware of to give a detailed taxonomy & analysis of deployment options for Carrier Ethernet-based metro/access networks, in one place. We elaborate each option addressing questions like: network architectures possible? Is other supporting technology needed? Or, is it standalone for the applications/services a provider might run, and so on.
Implications of super channels on CDC ROADM architecturesAnuj Malik
OFC 2014 Presentation
This study proposes CDC ROADM architecture compatible with emerging DWDM super-channel technology. A real world network model is used to quantify that this architecture requires fewer network components leading to less capital and operational costs.
The goal of the carrier today is to offer manageable end-user data services with a measurable QoS (Quality-of-Service) at the minimum cost per bit, using the smallest footprint systems, with the simplest implementation that allows for service-level agreements, operational efficiency, and traffic scalability. This has lead to the emergence of two design principles: the lower the layer at which...
IP-optical convergence: a complete solutionEricsson
Networks with separate IP and optical transport networks suffer from an unnecessary resource overhead, as each network has its own control and management mechanisms. In addition to the extra resources needed to reach a given performance target, separation also makes networks more complex than they need to be. Like many other issues that operators face today, this causes costs to rise and lowers the ability to evolve with changing business environments.
RECONFIGURABLE OPTICAL ADD AND DROP MULTIPLEXERS A REVIEW ecij
Optical multiplexing is the key function of a WDM network and reliable method for data transport networks. WDM networks configured as rings/mesh along with Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers supports added flexibility, simplicity and augment the spectral efficiency. Further enhancement achieved with
Reconfigurable OADM architectures, growing briskly along with automatic network management, let the transport network to acclimatize with dynamically varying environment and flexibly respond to the transport network changes. It permits single or many wavelengths to be added and/or dropped from a
transport fiber without optical-to-electrical-to-optical domain translation. Presently ROADM technology has revolutionized optical networking and an inseparable part of modern optical communication offering huge bandwidth for data transport at minimum expense. In this view the article presents comprehensive study for numerous generations of ROADM and their architecture and persistent development.
RECONFIGURABLE OPTICAL ADD AND DROP MULTIPLEXERS A REVIEWecijjournal
Optical multiplexing is the key function of a WDM network and reliable method for data transport networks. WDM networks configured as rings/mesh along with Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers supports added flexibility, simplicity and augment the spectral efficiency. Further enhancement achieved with Reconfigurable OADM architectures, growing briskly along with automatic network management, let the transport network to acclimatize with dynamically varying environment and flexibly respond to the transport network changes. It permits single or many wavelengths to be added and/or dropped from a
transport fiber without optical-to-electrical-to-optical domain translation. Presently ROADM technology
has revolutionized optical networking and an inseparable part of modern optical communication offering huge bandwidth for data transport at minimum expense. In this view the article presents comprehensive study for numerous generations of ROADM and their architecture and persistent development
10-Gb/S Transmission of Wdm Pon for Man with 50km Reach Based On FtthIJERA Editor
The wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) is considered to be the next evolutionary solution for a simplified and future-proofed access system that can accommodate exponential traffic growth and bandwidth-hungry new applications. WDM-PON mitigates the complicated time-sharing and power budget issues in time division- multiplexed PON (TDM-PON) by providing virtual point-to-point optical connectivity to multiple end users through a dedicated pair of wavelengths. The objective of this paper is proposed a scheme for metropolitan area networks comprising optical components based on arrayed waveguide grating multiplexers, demultiplexers .The Arrayed waveguide gratings based multiplexers and demultiplexers for WDM applications prove to be capable of precise multiplexing and demultiplexing of a large number of channels with relatively low losses.
ASON – Automatically Switched Optical Networks
Dynamically switch the light path
Enabler for many applications
Controlled by UNI and NNI – Allow applications to set the light path
Allow to add the intelligence into the optical core
ASON:
The Automatic Switched Optical Network (ASON) is both a framework and a technology capability.
As a framework that describes a control and management architecture for an automatic switched optical transport network.
As a technology, it refers to routing and signalling protocols applied to an optical network which enable dynamic path setup.
Recently changed names to Automatic Switched Transport Network (G.ASTN)
Design of time division multiplexing/wavelength division multiplexing passiv...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the design of time division multiplexing-wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (TDM-WDM PON). In this design, the current TDM PON is incorporated with the proposed WDM-PON in order to design a high-capacity network with lower loss requirements. The design has been simulated using OptiSystem software. The upstream wavelength for WDM is between 1,530.334 to 1,542.142 nm while for TDM is 1,310 nm. The downstream wavelength for WDM is from 1,569.865 to 1,581.973 nm, while for TDM is 1,490 nm. Based on the result, it is found that the proposed network is capable to support up to 64 customers with a bit rate of 2.5 Gbps.
Throughput Performance Analysis VOIP over LTEiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A presentation given at the IoT World, May 2016 discussing why IoT innovation has significant economic impact, the legal and commercial challenges to the IoT Ecosystem, and the impact of new IP regulations (AIA, Banks, open-source models). We also assess the IP landscape for IoT looking the a taxonomy of technologies involved, the key owners, and areas ripe for licensing, and conclude with a look to the future.
Network Infrastructure Security in Cellular Data Networks: An Initial Invest...Vishal Sharma, Ph.D.
Network Infrastructure Security in Cellular Data Networks: An Initial Investigation - a presentation of the research by the Wireless Networks Research Group at IIT Bombay at SANOG (The South-Asian Network Operators Group) in January 2006.
A New Analysis for Wavelength Translation in Regular WDM NetworksVishal Sharma, Ph.D.
We present a new analysis of wavelength translation in
regular, all-optical WDM networks, that is simple, computationally
inexpensive, and accurate for both low and high
network loads. In a network with
k
wavelengths per link,
we model the output link by an auxiliary
M/M/k/k
queueing
system. We then obtain a closed-form expression for
the probability
P succ
that a session arriving at a node at a
random time successfully establishes a connection from its
source node to its destination node. Unlike previous analyses,
which use the link independence blocking assumption,
we account for the dependence between the acquisition of
wavelengths on successive links of the session’s path. Based
on the success probability, we show that the throughput per
wavelength increases superlinearly (as expected) as we increase
the number of wavelengths per link; however, the
extent of this superlinear increase in throughput saturates
rather quickly. This suggests some interesting possibilities
for network provisioning in an all-optical network. We verify the accuracy of our analysis via simulations for the torus
and hypercube networks.
A carrier-oriented panel conceived, co-ordinated, moderated/chaired by me (with great inputs from the NANOG Program Committee, and our PC Liason, Tony Tauber of Comcast), as part of our "Network Health Assessment to Lower TCO!" initiative, where our focus is to gather carrier eco-system thinking around contemporary carrier issues/challenges, to explore what we are doing well, what the needs of the...
Capacity Planning Panel - Operator and Eco-System Player DiscourseVishal Sharma, Ph.D.
This is a service-provider oriented panel hosted at NANOG52 in Denver, CO, that I coordinated (with Nina Bargisen of TDC with help from Phil Griston, Cariden, and Timothy Hu, WANDL) and moderated/Chaired. The panel involved excellent presentations by Tom Lundstrom (Qwest) and Duke Fisher (Verizon) on how they were using network planning and design tools to effectively handle large-scale design..
Internet Routing Protocols: Fundamental Concepts of Distance-Vector and Link-...Vishal Sharma, Ph.D.
An easy to follow basic presentation designed to explain the core operating principles of link-state and distance-vector routing protocols, which form the basis of OSPF/IS-IS and BGP routing protocols for the Internet, respectively. Adapted and summarized from Christian Huitema's "Routing in the Internet," bringing some of his examples "to life" as it were.
This talk/presentation is useful for...
This classic talk from 2002-03, captures some of the key traffic engineering and core network design strategies deployed by carriers from the early 1990's to early 2000's, and (now, in 2011!) provides a great historical perspective on how network cores have evolved. It will prove valuable for those looking to understand network evolution, and the operational principles and considerations behind it...
This talk/tutorial was one that I delivered to multiple organizations -- ranging from semiconductor houses, to start-up system vendors, to research and academic institutions, back in the 2002 time frame. As the abstract below illustrates, it captures the key essence & principles behind the router designs of two of the most popular and landmark switch/routers in our industry -- the Cisco...
Multi-Protocol Lambda Switching: The Role of IP Technologies in Controlling a...Vishal Sharma, Ph.D.
This is an early short tutorial from back in 2001 that focuses on the control of dynamic (or agile) optical networks. We begin by highlighting the motivation for such networks, their basic requirements, and the advantages of agility. We examine the functionality needed for routing and connection establishment in such dynamic networks, and compare possible candidates for the design of such a...
Elements of Cross-Layer System & Network Design for QoS-Enabled Wi-Max Networks Vishal Sharma, Ph.D.
The main theme of this workshop is to elucidate medium access control (MAC) layer operation and cross-layer system and network design techniques for providing Quality-of-Service (QoS) in wireless broadband networks, and to put it in the context of military communications. We will use the IEEE 802.16 standard as an example for the rich feature set it presents, and the flexibility it provides for...
Today’s emerging metro Ethernet networks represent a significant shift in the way in which data services are offered to enterprise and residential customers. With Ethernet emerging as the access interface of choice, services such as packet-leased line and virtual private LAN service are being delivered over a wide mix of transport technologies – SONET/SDH, next-gen SONET/SDH, Ethernet/WDM, and...
Packet-Optical Integration: The Key to Evolving Towards Packet Enabled Agile ...Vishal Sharma, Ph.D.
The operator's paradox, for the past several years now, has been that while there is an explosion in data traffic volumes to the tune of 45-65% yearly, the corresponding revenue growth is in the single digits at best. To bridge this gap between rising operating costs (spurred by increased network capacity demands) and relatively flat revenues, providers must assess how to better architect their...
Understanding Intelligent Military-Grade Optical Ethernet Networks: A Versati...Vishal Sharma, Ph.D.
Ethernet technology has emerged as a cost-effective, mature, robust, high-speed, & versatile choice for MAN/WAN networking of critical defense establishments and military installations – for e.g., army, navy, & air force bases, mission commands, remote war centers, the Pentagon, and other security agencies. Intelligent Ethernet helps to achieve IP-centric service requirements, while...
A Survey of Recent Advances in Network Planning/Traffic Engineering (TE) ToolsVishal Sharma, Ph.D.
Designing & managing operational IP networks is a complex, multi-dimensional
task. A fundamental problem before carriers today
is to optimize network performance by better resource allocation to traffic demands.
This requires a systematic evaluation of options, a thorough scenario analysis,
and foolproof verification of network designs, all of which are increasingly
possible only with help from automated TE and planning tools.
In the past few years, significant advances have been made in enhancing existing
tools and developing new ones that help providers rapidly identify potential
performance problems, experiment with solutions, and develop robust designs.
Several techniques from optimization theory, linear programming, and
models of effective bandwidth calculation have been incorporated in such
tools, as have detailed models of several vendor systems.
We present a comparative analysis and an overview of key features of some key
commercially available network planning/TE tools, and outline how
they could be leveraged by carrier network engineering/planning
organizations to perform detailed network analysis, proactive/reactive
TE, and network design.
We first give an overview of the architecture, design philosophy, and canonical
features of modern design tools, and then focus on new enhancements to some
popular tools
as well as key distinguishing features of some newly developed ones.
In particular, we focus on decision support tools for IP network planning
and network analysis, including the latest versions from
WANDL, OPNET, Cariden..
We also present a perspective on current outstanding carrier requirements
for TE/planning tools that was synthesized by our conversations with
several leading Tier 1 and Tier 2 carriers.
A fundamental problem before carriers today is to optimize network cost
and performance by better resource allocation to traffic demands. This is especially
important with the packet infrastructure becoming a critical business resource.
The key to achieving this is traffic engineering (TE), the process of
systematically putting traffic where there is capacity, and backbone
capacity management, the process of ensuring that there is enough network
capacity to meet demand, even at peak times and under failure conditions,
without significant queue buildups.
In this talk, we first focus on the TE techniques and approaches used
in the networks of two large carriers: Global Crossing and
Sprint, which represent the two ends of the traffic engineering spectrum.
We do so by presenting a snapshot of their TE philosophy, deployment strategy,
and network design principles and operation.
We then present the results of an empirical study of backbone traffic
characteristics that suggests that Internet traffic is not self-similar at
timescales relevant to QoS. Our non-parametric approach requires minimal
assumptions (unlike much of the previous work), and allows
us to formulate a practical process for ensuring QoS using backbone
capacity management.
(This latter work is joint with Thomas Telkamp, Global Crossing Ltd. and Arman
Maghbouleh, Cariden Technologies, Inc.)
With the rapid growth of IP networks in South-Asia in the past
few years, and the advent of new services and applications -- be they
wireless/wireline broadband Internet access, cable telephony, VoIP, remote
teleconferencing, e-governance, or mobile entertainment -- a key
issue before carriers is how to design and operate their networks as
methodically and as efficiently as possible to maximize both customer
retention and profits.
While several best practices typically emerge from each provider\'s
unique situation and cumulative experience (the "art" of network design), there
are certain operational precepts that systematize and streamline the
complex, multi-dimensional task of designing and managing modern, operational
IP networks (the "science" of network design).
In this talk, we first discuss the overall network design process and the
manner in which control over the network must be exercised at varying
timescales to achieve efficient operation. Next we discuss the
functions that the operational, engineering, and planning teams at a
carrier must typically execute, their inter-relationships, and
the importance/rationale for performing them to optimize network
performance.
We then outline some network design best practices that have evolved
over the past decade, drawing upon examples of carriers such as
Sprint, Global Crossing, AT&T, NTT, and Reliance. We conclude with
a look at some automated traffic engineering and planning tools,
and how they enable carriers to rapidly identify potential
performance problems, rigorously experiment with/evaluate design
options, perform thorough scenario and network analysis, and
develop robust designs.
Multi-Protocol Label Switching has become by far one of the most important Internet technologies of the last 15 years. From humble beginnings back in 1996-97, it is literally the defacto standard in a large majority of service provider networks today. This presentation, delivered to executives at MTNL, Mumbai (a large regional carrier in India), explains the key operational principles behind MPLS, and its significant applications.
Ethernet technology has emerged as a cost-effective, mature, robust, high-speed, and versatile choice for MAN/WAN networking of critical defense establishments and military installations – for e.g., army, navy, and air force bases, mission commands, remote war centers, the Pentagon, and other security agencies. Intelligent Ethernet helps to achieve IP-centric service requirements, while enabling wireless and fixed-line networks to evolve to a fast, economical, packet-switched infrastructure. The last few years have seen tremendous advancements in Ethernet architecture, its features, switch/router system design, and its integration with optical technologies. This tutorial provides a clear conceptual overview of optical Ethernet technology advances, network architectures, and benefits for military and defense network planners, network architects, and system engineers.
Furnish executives, senior engineering mgt., and technology experts at vendors & service providers (carriers, operators, MSOs, ISPs, ILECs, IXCs) with a bird’s eye view of how Metanoia, Inc. can be of service to them.
Set context for an interactive presentation/meeting to follow, where we can:
Present details of our service provider and/or vendor activities;
Discuss key points of problems solved/projects done;
Respond to queries in real-time
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and Sales
Design Considerations for Converged Optical Ethernet Networks
1. PTB >>Designing Converged Optical Ethernet Networks
Transport networks have witnessed two significant trends over the past half-decade or so. The first has been
an explosion in the bandwidth these networks can support and the distances over which they can support it.
This is due to the advent of cost-effective wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and dense-WDM
(DWDM), as well as a slew of technologies that extend transmission range, such as sophisticated optical
amplifiers. The second has been the need to support a variety of traffic types (voice, video, data) and
services: virtual private networks (VPNs), highspeed Internet (HSI), video-on-demand (VoD) and
videoconferencing, and IPTV, to name a few. This is due to the need to simplify the network by collapsing
intermediate layers and protocol stacks, thus reducing interface and node counts (and, hence, cost) in the
carrier network. Thus, transport networks have migrated from being primarily voicedominated to multi-
service supporting infrastructures.
In the past, the optical transport networks themselves did not need to be service- or traffic-aware, as there
were a number of layers of multiplexing and aggregation between the carried traffic and the actual transport
“pipes.†Indeed a typical protocol-stack layering might take IP data, encapsulate it in Ethernet
frames, segment and package those into ATM cells that would be packaged into SONET/SDH frames,
which would then ride on an optical wavelength. By contrast, the move today is increasingly towards an
optimized stack, which consists of IP data encapsulated in Ethernet frames that (with appropriate framing)
ride directly on an optical wavelength — the so-called “optical Ethernet†solution.
2. Advances in Optical Layer and Network Equipment
So, what are the advances that are making this possible, especially in metro networks? To understand this,
we will briefly look both at the optical-layer advances and the network-equipment advances, which
constitute some of the keys to optical Ethernet network design. The fundamental optical layer advances
have been the enhancement of WDM technologies with the advent of: Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers
(EDFAs), Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWGs), and Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multipliexers (or
ROADMs). EDFAs enable multiple optical signals, on different wavelengths, to be amplified
simultaneously, without requiring expensive conversion into the electronic domain. AWGs, on the other
hand, act as an optical filter, and provide a simple mechanism to insert/multiplex and extract/demultipex
optical signals to/from a fiber. In more recent years, ROADMs based on either the wavelength blocker or
wavelength selectable switch (WSS) sub-systems have been deployed. These allow any possible
wavelength, or a combination of wavelengths, to be added or dropped at a node, thereby allowing providers
the flexibility to reconfigure their networks based on traffic needs, leading to true agile optical networks.
In the network-equipment domain, the main advances have been the development of next-generation
systems that can support SONET/SDH (TDM data) and IP/Ethernet (packet data). Legacy networks were
built using the TDM paradigm of SONET/SDH, which served as an excellent way to groom voice-
dominated traffic and then provision aggregated traffic trunks over the fiber, providing excellent reliability
and availability. With the growing dominance of data traffic, SONET/SDH, with its need for
synchronization and its limited ability to support flexible bandwidth increments, became increasingly
inefficient at meeting the needs of data communications and, hence, a cost barrier.
Ethernet, which was already dominant in the LAN, was proposed as a migratory technology, moving to the
WAN, in the now quite popular IEEE 802.3z and IEEE 802.3ae standards for 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps speeds,
respectively. The less-stringent timing needs of Ethernet made it a lower-cost alternative to SONET/SDH
for data services. In the last year and a half or so, however, there has been rapid rise both in video services
(in the form of streaming video, video conferencing, as well as IPTV) as well as in enterprises wanting
3. Ethernet pipes with flexible bandwidths to connect into their WANs. This has posed a technical challenge
primarily because traditional Ethernet does not have the deterministic qualities of SONET/SDH in terms of
reliability and availability. Extensive work is underfoot in the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) to imbue
Ethernet with great protection and management (OAM) capabilities, and within the IEEE, in the 802.1Qay
WG, to develop Provider-Backbone Bridging-Traffic Engineering, which involves giving Ethernet
networks the ability to set up managed, traffic-engineered paths. This is achieved by turning off the MAC
learning capability of Ethernet, and, instead, programming (using management) the forwarding tables at
every node, thus precisely controlling the path taken by different flows through the network. Measures such
as these strengthen the “carrier- class†capabilities of Ethernet.
The simultaneous existence of Ethernet and SONET/SDH services over fiber networks has meant that
platforms are now being deployed that cater to a broad mix of these services. These systems, which can
cater to a broad range of client-side technologies ranging from Ethernet to SONET/SDH to Fiber Channel
and transport these over high-speed WDM networks, are commonly known as Multi- Service Provisioning
Platforms (MSPPs). When conjoined with WDM nodes in a single box/rack, they are also known as Multi-
Service Transport Platforms (MSTPs).
Need for QoS and Dynamic Provisioning
While ROADMs and MSPPs are ideal platforms to support dynamic configuration of the network to meet
traffic needs, there is a need to control, provision, and manage the optical networks in a systematic,
automated way. In addition, there is also a strong requirement to meet customer expectations in terms of
“Quality of Experience†by deploying mechanisms for establishing and enforcing end-to-end
Quality-of-Service (QoS). This has led to the adoption of a suite of protocols, called the Generalized MPLS
protocols, developed by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) that is used to control optical
networks, both at the physical layer and for traffic management and service provisioning. The GMPLS
suite of protocols includes routing protocols that are used to discover network topology and available
resources (bandwidth, timeslots, and wavelengths) in the optical Ethernet transport network, and signaling
protocols that are used to signal the setting up of active (and backup) paths through the network.
The GMPLS protocols can set up “paths†that are comprised of a sequence of wavelengths, time-
slots, or packets/frames that share a common characteristic (such as being headed to the same destination or
belonging to the same Class-of-Service). From a cost perspective, the primary cost is in the electronic
packet engine that aggregates multiple lower-rate signals into a single high-speed electronic signal.
Typically this high-speed electronic signal is then translated into an ITU-grid optical frequency
(wavelength) by a sub-system called the transponder. A critical timing and cost-optimization challenge is in
placing multiple lowerrate signals as client interfaces in the same subsystem that also houses the ITU-side
optics. Integration of the electronic packet multiplexer (using Ethernet technologies) with the optical
transponder constitute the main challenge for providers in meeting the paradigm of dynamic bandwidth
provisioning, especially for their small- and midsized customers that dominate much of metro core and
metro access/collector markets.
4. Evolution at the Optical Layer and Ethernet Layer
ROADMs form the central feature of metro optical networks, the largest business case for optical transport,
with three generations of architecture: the Fixed OADM (FOADMs), the Reconfigurable OADM
(ROADMs, contemporary) and the Dynamic OADM (DOADM). FOADMs allow dropping and adding of
wavelengths at a node with the constraint that only a fixed set of wavelengths can be dropped (limiting
dynamism) and the ports from which the wavelengths are dropped (or added) are also fixed. In ROADMs
there is flexibility in terms of which wavelengths can be dropped and which can pass-through (called
optical bypass), but there is a restriction on the mapping between wavelengths and ports.
The DOADM is considered the ultimate in terms of flexibility, and allows dropping/adding of any
wavelength at any port in a node thus allowing full flexibility in the network and thereby reducing
operational expenditure (e.g. maintaining a smaller inventory of transponders). At the same time,
developments in Ethernet OAM standards (e.g. IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah) allow for performance
monitoring and maintenance of end-to-end and Ethernet circuits and each Ethernet hop, respectively, by
keeping track of parameters such as transmitted/dropped frames, frame delay, jitter and loss, and
availability. These allow operators to perform diagnostics, manage their networks, and deliver service
assurance.
Looking to the Future
Optical transport is poised to enter a new age. The rise of carrier-class Ethernet along with an acute need
for bandwidth intensive services (such as video streaming) implies that future optical networks must be
able to dynamically allocate bandwidth (ondemand) to nodes, support good optical- layer multicasting, and
provide for lower-cost solutions that can be implemented in smaller networks in the metro access as well as
enterprise markets. This growth has forced research in higher-speed solutions — such as 40 Gbps
SONET/SDH and 100 Gbps Ethernet (100GigE). Both of these technologies have significant physical layer
issues and impairments such as modulation format, timing issues (e.g. pulse width of 10 picoseconds in
100GigE), dispersion compensation, and OSNR monitoring.
In the metro, the dynamism requires that newer solutions would have to use high-speed algorithms for
bandwidth provisioning as well as architectures that can support dynamic allocations. There are principally
three schools of thought emerging for design of metro optical Ethernet transport: 1. fully electronic
grooming solutions, such as all-Ethernet packet transport and the Provider Backbone Bridging — Traffic
Engineering (PBB-TE), IEEE 802.1Qay, initiative; 2. all-optical grooming solutions, using interleaved
access such as burst switching or wavelength buses called light-trails; 3. digital optical networks using
photonic integrated circuits (PICs) based on Indium Phosphide technology. Approach (1) is evolutionary
from a technology perspective but has several capital requirements at high-speeds. Approach (2) is
something of a paradigm shift and can be done in incremental steps, with partial electronics and partial
optics, e.g. light-trails. Finally, approach (3) is somewhat revolutionary and requires complete revamping
of existing optical networks, but it does have the potential to deploy the System-On-Chip (SOC) concept,
thereby drastically reducing growth costs.
This article was written by Dr. Vishal Sharma, Principal Consultant & Technologist, Metanoia, Inc.
(Mountain View, CA) and Dr. Ashwin Gumaste, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Eng.,
IIT (Bombay, Mumbai, India). For more information, contact Dr. Sharma at v.sharma@ieee.org , Dr.
Gumaste at ashwing@ieee.org , or visit http://info.hotims.com/15124-201.