Goats and sheep have two sets of teeth - deciduous (baby) teeth that are replaced by permanent teeth as the animal ages. Goat dental formulas are provided for deciduous (20 teeth) and permanent (32 teeth) dentition. The number and type of teeth varies between species. Checking teeth allows determining an animal's age, with worn or broken teeth indicating an older animal over 3 years that may have difficulty eating.
Poster prepared by Phyllis Ndungโu, Peter Kirui and Linus Kiprotich at the Farmersโ Workshop, Nandi and Bomet counties, Kenya, 5โ10 February 2018
Poster prepared by Phyllis Ndungโu, Peter Kirui and Linus Kiprotich at the Farmersโ Workshop, Nandi and Bomet counties, Kenya, 5โ10 February 2018
Deworming in animals- An overview of AntheminticsDr Shifa Ul Haq
ย
The presentation covers various aspects of deworming in animals. It includes the symptoms of worm infestation, harms caused by parasites, various groups of anthelmintic drugs and their mode of action and some natural anthelmintic products.
This presentation by University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist Susan Schoenian covers three topics: teeth (including how to age sheep and goats), tags, and scrapie (including tagging requirements).
Deworming in animals- An overview of AntheminticsDr Shifa Ul Haq
ย
The presentation covers various aspects of deworming in animals. It includes the symptoms of worm infestation, harms caused by parasites, various groups of anthelmintic drugs and their mode of action and some natural anthelmintic products.
This presentation by University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist Susan Schoenian covers three topics: teeth (including how to age sheep and goats), tags, and scrapie (including tagging requirements).
Dentistry - How It Can Improve Your Driving HorseEqdent
ย
A power point presentation put together for the James River Driving Club March 2012 meeting. Equine dentistry is an important aspect of keeping your carriage driving horse going comfortably.
This presentation is on forensic odontology, also known as forensic dentistry. It encompasses the role and scope of dentistry in identification of individuals in mass disasters.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
ย
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
ย
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The systemโs unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
ย
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luรญsa Pinho
ย
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
ย
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.ย
ย Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sรฉrgio Sacani
ย
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASAโs Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvรฉnic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5โau
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sรฉrgio Sacani
ย
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4โ0.9ยตm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8โ5ยตm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3ยตm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as โ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5ฯ, r = 0.1โ circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 โ 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 โผ 50 โ 200pc, stellar masses of
Mโ โผ 107โ108Mโ, and star-formation rates of SFR โผ 0.1โ1 Mโ yrโ1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of โผ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sรฉrgio Sacani
ย
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
2. Goat Dentition
๏ All domestic animals have two successive sets of teet
h.Deciduous teeth,or milk teeth,are the first set of
teeth in
young animals.These are replaced by a permanent set
of teeth as animals age.
๏ In an anatomic tooth-
identification system, permanent teeth are designate
d as incisor (I), canine (C), premolar (P)and molar (M)
อพ deciduous teeth are designated as Di, Dc,
and Dp. The canine tooth of domestic ruminants has
commonly been counted as a fourth incisor
3. ๏ The number of each type of tooth varies from one
species to another and the conventional way of
describing them is by a "dental formula".
๏ The type of
teeth are indicated by the first letter, and the
number of teeth on one side of the upper jaw is
indicated over the number of the same type of teeth on
the lower jaw. Because the formula is for one side of
the mouth, the total number of teeth is the total in
the formula x 2.
4. Goat Deciduous Teeth Dental Formula:
2(Di 0/4อพ Dc 0/0อพ Dp 3/3) = 2(10)=20
Goat Permanent Teeth Dental Formula:
2(I0/4อพ C0/0อพ P3/3อพ M3/3)= 2(16)=32
The dental formula for different species are as
follows
where I = incisors, C = canines, P = premolars
and M = molars :
5. Old animals with worn teeth and broken mouths
will
not eat as well as younger animals and will lose
condition.
How to check the teeth
Baby teeth (milk teeth): under 1 year of age
2 tooth: 1 to 1ยฝ years
4 tooth: 2 years
6 tooth: 2ยฝ years
Full mouth: 2ยฝ to 3 years
Worn to broken mouth: over 3 years of age
Gummy: aged
6. 2 tooth: 1 to 1ยฝ
years
4 tooth: 2 years
6 tooth: 2ยฝ years Full mouth: 2ยฝ to 3 years
8. The teeth of a sheep are divided into two distinct
sections namely,
eight permanent incisors in the lower front jaw and
twenty-four molars, the latter being divided into six
on each side of the upper and lower jaw.
Sheep have no teeth in the front part of the upper
jaw which consists of a dense, hard, fibrous pad.
Sheep dentition
9. Dentition of a 2 year old sheep.
Four incisors are permanent (black arrows).
Dentition of a 4 year old sheep
or "full mouth." All incisors are permanent.
Dentition of a 68 year old
sheep. Notice the wide spacing between the teeth.
Dentition of an extremely aged sheep (from 8-
12 years of age), frequently referred to as a
"broken mouth."
10. Dentition of a yearling sheep.
Two incisors are permanent
(black arrows
Dentition of a 2 year old sheep.
Four incisors are permanent
(black arrows).
11. Dentition of a 4 year old
sheep or "full mouth." All
incisors are permanent.
Dentition of a 68 year old
sheep. Notice the wide
spacing between the teeth
12. Dentition of an extremely aged
sheep (from 812 years of age),
frequently referred to as a
"broken mouth."
