This document is a study submitted by Dr. Umesh K.H. to their professor at the Veterinary College of Shivamogga regarding estimating age and sex from animal dentition and bones. It discusses using dentition to determine the age of cattle, goats, sheep, and horses by examining tooth eruption patterns. It also outlines measurements that can be used to identify the sex of animal bones found archaeologically, such as males generally being larger than females. The document provides information on dental terminology, diseases, and techniques like bishoping used to disguise an animal's age.
Chronology of Primary and Permanent Teeth-D. Saba Arshad.pptxDr.Saba Arshad
Learning Objectives;
1. To define each dentition period and discuss the clinical
considerations concerning each dentition period,
integrating it into patient care.
2. To learn about periods of tooth eruption and shedding
This presentation is on forensic odontology, also known as forensic dentistry. It encompasses the role and scope of dentistry in identification of individuals in mass disasters.
Co-Existence of Synodontia & Talon Cusp in Mandible: A Rare Casepateldrona
Synodontia and Talon cusp are rare developmental anomalies present in human dentition. Talon cusp is most commonly seen on the palatal surfaces of the permanent maxillary anteriors while synodontia is seen in primary anterior dentition.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
1. VETERINARY COLLEGE
SHIVAMOGGA,VINOBANAGAR
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY
ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
STUDY OF VARIOUS INDICES FOR ESTIMATING
AGE AND SEX OF DIFFERENT ANIMALS
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. Lakshmishree K.T
Associate proff and HOD
Dept of VAN
Veterinary College Shivamogga
SUBMITTED BY:
Dr. Umesh K .H
PG Scholar
MVSK 2009
Dept of VAN ,VCS
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 1
2. • Dentition is generally
used as an indicator of
age when actual
birthdates are not
available. Eruption times
and wear of the teeth
are the major factors
used to estimate bovine
age.
WHY TO
STUDY THE
DENTITION?
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 2
3. • Dentition pertains to the
development of teeth and
their arrangement in the
mouth. In particular, it is the
characteristic arrangement,
kind, and number of teeth in
a given species at a given age.
That is, the number, type, and
morpho-physiology of the
teeth of an animal .
WHAT IS THE
MEANING OF
DENTION?
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 3
4. • Estimation of age
represents one of the most
important aspects of
analysis in forensic
anthropology.
• Carbon 14 dating is used to
estimate the age of an
archeological specimen.
• To assess age at death from
tooth eruption patterns in
animal skeletons
IMPORTANCE OF
AGE
IDENTIFICATION
IN DIFFERET
ANIMALS
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 4
6. Animals whose teeth are all of the same type, such as most non-
mammalian vertebrates, are said to have homodont dentition,
whereas those whose teeth differ morphologically are said to
have heterodont dentition.
The dentition of animals with two successions of teeth
(deciduous, permanent) is referred to as diphyodont.
While the dentition of animals with only one set of teeth
throughout life is monophyodont.
The dentition of animals in which the teeth are continuously
discarded and replaced throughout life is termed polyphyodont.
The dentition of animals in which the teeth are set in sockets in
the jawbones is termed thecodont
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 6
8. • This is not a good guide
and may give only a very
rough idea. The first horn
ring appears at 10-12
months. One ring is added
approximately in a year.
But at the fifth year, the
first three rings may not be
visible and after 8 years,
none may be visible.
DETERMINING
AGE BY HORN
RINGS
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 8
9. Dental formula
The number of teeth of each type is written as a dental formula
for one side of the mouth, or quadrant, with the upper and
lower teeth shown on separate rows.
The number of teeth in a mouth is twice that listed as there are
two sides. In each set, incisors (I) are indicated first, canines (C)
second, premolars (P) third, and finally molars (M), giving
I:C:P:M.
So for example, the formula 2.1.2.3 for upper teeth indicates 2
incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars on one side of the
upper mouth.
The deciduous dental formula is notated in lowercase lettering
preceded by the letter d: for example: di:dc:dp.
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 9
10. Dentition use in archaeology
Dentition, or the study of teeth, is an important area of study for
archaeologists, especially those specializing in the study of older
remains.
Dentition affords many advantages over studying the rest of the
skeleton itself (osteometry).
The structure and arrangement of teeth is constant and, although it is
inherited, does not undergo extensive change during environmental
change, dietary specializations, or alterations in use patterns.
The rest of the skeleton is much more likely to exhibit change because of
adaptation.
Teeth also preserve better than bone, and so the sample of teeth
available to archaeologists is much more extensive and therefore more
representative.
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 10
11. THIS IS HOW WE HAVE TO EXAMINE THE DENTITION
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 11
12. ERUPTION OF TEETH IN CATTLE
Under two years old (No permanent teeth)
Two years three months (2 permanent teeth)
Three years old (4 permanent teeth)
Three years six months (6 permanent teeth)
Four years (8 permanent teeth)
Old animal, over four years old
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 12
14. ERUPTION OF TEETH IN GOATS AND SHEEP
Animal under one year old (no permanent teeth)
One year old (2 permanent teeth)
Two years old (4 permanent teeth)
Three years old (6 permanent teeth)
Four years old (8 permanent teeth)
Old animal, more than four years old
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 14
20. The age of the horse is determined by the appearance of Incisor teeth.
The use of the examination of teeth to determine age is of value in
non-pedigree animals. Further it is important for the following
reasons.
To issue soundness certificates
For valuation of livestock
For selection and purchase
The surface which bites the food or its fellow on the opposite jaw is
the TABLE OR WEARING SURFACE of the tooth.
The mark of infundibulum is the blackened depression seen on the
table. It is lined by distinct narrow pearly white ring of enamel.
DENTITION IN HORSE
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 20
22. Alveolus: The bony cavity in which the fang of the tooth is embedded.
Buccal Surface: The outer surface of tooth that is next to the cheek.
Central Incisors: The 2 incisors immediately on each side of middle line
Cheek Teeth: Premolars and molars are often spoken off collectively as cheek teeth
Infundibulum: Dark depression on the table in the incisor it is called as mark.
Inwear: Hole of the table of tooth is in contact with opposite teeth of other jaw.
Mandibular cheek teeth: Lower premolars and molars.
Neck: Joins the crown to the fang.
Pulp Cavity: A hollow part of tooth containing nerves and blood vessels.
Shelly: The newly cut incisor teeth either temporary or permanent
TERMINOLOGIES
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 22
23. Galvayne's Groove:
The part of the groove running down the labial surface of the ground of the upper corner
incisors of the horse.
It normally appears near the gum at 10 years, is half way down at 15 years, extends down
the whole length of tooth at 20 years, has grown half way out at 25 years, and has
disappeared at 30 the age of years.
Simultaneously appearance of star and disappearance of mark takes place.
Tush: The canine tooth of the horse present in stallion or gelding but absent or
rudimentary in mark It is situated near the incisors in the lower jaw than in the upper
jaw.
Full Mouth: All permanent teeth (both molars and incisors) have fully erupted. Full
mouth is seen in the case of horses at 41 /2 to 5 years. A horse is said to be aged,
when it is over 15 years
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 23
26. Bishoping
It is attempting to make an old mouth to look younger. The teeth are rasped and
levelled. A false mark is gouged out of the centre of the table and blackened with
caustic (usually with silver nitrate crystals). This can be found out by carefull
observation.
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 26
Types of dental and oral diseases
Cavities. Cavities are also called caries or tooth decay. ...
Gum disease (gingivitis) Gum disease, also called gingivitis, is inflammation of the
gums.
Periodontitis. ...
Cracked or broken teeth. ...
Sensitive teeth. ...
Oral cancer. ...
The link between oral and general health.
27. • Most animals species
(including humans) exhibit
size differences between
the sexes. Males tend to be
much larger than females.
Archaeologists measure
bones to identify the sex of
an individual. ... The
greatest length (GL) of the
bone and the the breadth
of the distal (Bd) are
measured.
How to
determine
the sex of
animal ?
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 27
29. • male mammals typically
have an X and a Y
chromosome (XY), while
female mammals typically
have two X chromosomes
(XX). Chromosomal sex is
determined at the time of
fertilization; a chromosome
from the sperm cell, either
X or Y, fuses with the X
chromosome in the egg
cell.
How do u
determine
sex of an
adult?
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 29
30. • Ischial arch is wider in
females so that outlet is
larger.Conjugate diameter
and transverse diameter
are larger in
female.Obturator foramen
is also larger in females.
• Adult male horse have
large prominent canine
teeth situated in
interdental space which are
absent in females.
How to
estimate
the sex of
animal ?
05-04-2022 Dr.Umesh K H 30
