THEORIES OF ERUPTION
ERUPTION SEQUENCE
PHYSIOLOGY OF TOOTH ERUPTION
CELLULAR BASIS
MOLECULAR BASIS
PRODUCTION OF OSTEOCLAST
ANOMOLIES OF TOOTH ERUPTION
THEORIES OF ERUPTION
ERUPTION SEQUENCE
PHYSIOLOGY OF TOOTH ERUPTION
CELLULAR BASIS
MOLECULAR BASIS
PRODUCTION OF OSTEOCLAST
ANOMOLIES OF TOOTH ERUPTION
Upload By : Ahmed Ali Abbas
Babylon University College of Dentistry
download this file from Website on google theoptimalsmile.wix.com/dentistry
Oral histology
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE OF ENAMEL
DEVELOPMENT OF ENAMEL
EPITHELIAL ENAMEL ORGAN
AMELOGENESIS
LIFE CYCLE OF AMELOBLASTS
AGE CHANGES IN ENAMEL
DEFECTS OF AMELOGENESIS
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Occlusion is defined as the contact relationship of the teeth in function or parafunction.
Malocclusion is defined as the misalignment of teeth and jaws, or more simply, a "bad bite". Malocclusion can cause a number of health and dental problems.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Ameloblast are the enamel forming cells. Understanding of life cycle of ameloblast aids in the understanding of various developmetal anomalies in particular and various other oral pathologies.
I wanna share this to all dental students and colleagues. This is a simplified and concise description of the anatomical structure of a Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor.
Upload By : Ahmed Ali Abbas
Babylon University College of Dentistry
download this file from Website on google theoptimalsmile.wix.com/dentistry
Oral histology
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE OF ENAMEL
DEVELOPMENT OF ENAMEL
EPITHELIAL ENAMEL ORGAN
AMELOGENESIS
LIFE CYCLE OF AMELOBLASTS
AGE CHANGES IN ENAMEL
DEFECTS OF AMELOGENESIS
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Occlusion is defined as the contact relationship of the teeth in function or parafunction.
Malocclusion is defined as the misalignment of teeth and jaws, or more simply, a "bad bite". Malocclusion can cause a number of health and dental problems.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Ameloblast are the enamel forming cells. Understanding of life cycle of ameloblast aids in the understanding of various developmetal anomalies in particular and various other oral pathologies.
I wanna share this to all dental students and colleagues. This is a simplified and concise description of the anatomical structure of a Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor.
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
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Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
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External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
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Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
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2. 1. Anatomy of a tooth.1. Anatomy of a tooth.
a. Anatomical crown- portion of tootha. Anatomical crown- portion of tooth
covered with enamelcovered with enamel
Dental Anatomy
Anatomic crownAnatomic crown
3. b.b. Clinical crownClinical crown- visible part of tooth- visible part of tooth
above the gum lineabove the gum line..
Anatomical
crown
Clinical
crown
Dental Anatomy
4. c. Rootc. Root
(1) Part of tooth embedded in the(1) Part of tooth embedded in the
alveolar process and covered byalveolar process and covered by
cementum.cementum.
Dental Anatomy
5. d.d. Apex- tapered end of root tip.Apex- tapered end of root tip.
e.e. Apical foramen-Apical foramen-
opening atopening at
the root tip.the root tip.
Dental Anatomy
6. 3.3. Tissues of the tooth.Tissues of the tooth.
a. Enamela. Enamel
(1) Makes up anatomic crown.(1) Makes up anatomic crown.
(2) Hardest material in the human(2) Hardest material in the human
body.body.
(3) Incapable of remodeling and(3) Incapable of remodeling and
repair.repair.
Dental Anatomy
8. b.b. DentinDentin
(1)(1) Makes up bulk of tooth.Makes up bulk of tooth.
(2)(2) Covered by enamel on crownCovered by enamel on crown
and cementum on the root.and cementum on the root.
(3)(3) Not as hard as enamel.Not as hard as enamel.
(4)(4) Exposed dentin is oftenExposed dentin is often
sensitive to cold, hot, air, andsensitive to cold, hot, air, and
touch (via dentinal tubules).touch (via dentinal tubules).
Dental Anatomy
10. c. Cementumc. Cementum
(1) Covers root of tooth.(1) Covers root of tooth.
(2) Overlies the dentin and joins(2) Overlies the dentin and joins
the enamel at the cemento-enamelthe enamel at the cemento-enamel
junction (CEJ).junction (CEJ).
(3)(3) Primary function is to anchorPrimary function is to anchor
the tooth to the bony socketthe tooth to the bony socket
with attachment fibers.with attachment fibers.
Dental Anatomy
12. d. Pulpd. Pulp
(1) Made up of blood vessels(1) Made up of blood vessels
and nerves entering throughand nerves entering through
the apical foramen.the apical foramen.
(2) Contains connective tissue,(2) Contains connective tissue,
which aids interchangewhich aids interchange
between pulp and dentin.between pulp and dentin.
Dental Anatomy
14. 4. Periodontium4. Periodontium
a. Alveolar process.a. Alveolar process.
(1) Bone extensions of the maxillae(1) Bone extensions of the maxillae
and mandible that supports theand mandible that supports the
teethteeth..
(2) Cortical plate is the dense outer(2) Cortical plate is the dense outer
layer of bone covering the spongylayer of bone covering the spongy
(cancellous) bone(cancellous) bone
Dental Anatomy
16. b. Periodontal ligaments.b. Periodontal ligaments.
(1) Dense connective fibrous(1) Dense connective fibrous
tissues that connect teeth totissues that connect teeth to
the alveolar bone.the alveolar bone.
(2) One end is embedded in(2) One end is embedded in
cementum and other end incementum and other end in
bone.bone.
(3) Supports and protects the(3) Supports and protects the
tooth fromtooth from normal shock.normal shock.
Dental Anatomy
20. Types of DentitionTypes of Dentition
1. Deciduous (baby) teeth1. Deciduous (baby) teeth
a. Twenty ( 20) primary teeth.a. Twenty ( 20) primary teeth.
b. Arches - maxillary and mandibular.b. Arches - maxillary and mandibular.
c. Quadrants - each arch divided inc. Quadrants - each arch divided in
half.half.
(1) Maxillary right and left.(1) Maxillary right and left.
(2) Mandibular right and left.(2) Mandibular right and left.
21. d. Teeth in each quadrant.
(1) Central incisor
(2) Lateral incisor
(3) Cuspid
(4) 1st molar
(5) 2nd molar
Deciduous TeethDeciduous Teeth
22. e. Anterior and posterior teeth.e. Anterior and posterior teeth.
(1) Anterior - centrals, laterals,(1) Anterior - centrals, laterals,
and cuspids.and cuspids.
(2) Posterior - molars.(2) Posterior - molars.
Deciduous TeethDeciduous Teeth
23. f. Numbering system.f. Numbering system.
(1) Alphabetical.(1) Alphabetical.
(2) Maxillary - patient’s(2) Maxillary - patient’s
right to left, “A” thruright to left, “A” thru
“J”.“J”.
(3) Mandibular -(3) Mandibular -
patient’s left to right,patient’s left to right,
“K” thru “T”.“K” thru “T”.
Deciduous TeethDeciduous Teeth
K
L
M
N
OP
Q
R
S
T
A
B
C
D
F
H
I
J
E
G
R L
MAXILLARY
MANDIBULAR
24. Types of DentitionTypes of Dentition
2. Permanent teeth.2. Permanent teeth.
a. Thirty-two (32) permanenta. Thirty-two (32) permanent
teeth.teeth.
b. Arches - maxillaryb. Arches - maxillary
R L
25. c. Quadrants.c. Quadrants.
(1) Maxillary right and left.(1) Maxillary right and left.
(2) Mandibular right and left.(2) Mandibular right and left. R L
Permanent TeethPermanent Teeth
26. d. Teeth in each quadrant.d. Teeth in each quadrant.
(1) Central incisor.(1) Central incisor.
(2) Lateral incisor.(2) Lateral incisor.
(3) Cuspid (canine).(3) Cuspid (canine).
Permanent TeethPermanent Teeth
28. e. Anterior and posterior teeth.e. Anterior and posterior teeth.
(1) Anteriors - central,(1) Anteriors - central,
lateral and cuspids.lateral and cuspids.
(2) Posteriors - bicuspids(2) Posteriors - bicuspids
and molars.and molars.
Permanent TeethPermanent Teeth
29. f. Numbering system.f. Numbering system.
(1) Numerical.(1) Numerical.
(2) Maxillary- patient’s(2) Maxillary- patient’s
right toright to
R L
Permanent TeethPermanent Teeth
30. 1. Facial - next to cheeks & lips .1. Facial - next to cheeks & lips .
a. Labial- anterior facial.a. Labial- anterior facial.
b. Buccal - posterior facial.b. Buccal - posterior facial.
2. Lingual- next to tongue.2. Lingual- next to tongue.
3. Mesial - towards midline, an imaginary line3. Mesial - towards midline, an imaginary line
between central incisors.between central incisors.
Tooth SurfacesTooth Surfaces
31. 4. Distal- away from midline.4. Distal- away from midline.
5. Incisal- cutting edge of anterior teeth.5. Incisal- cutting edge of anterior teeth.
6. Occlusal- chewing surface of the posterior6. Occlusal- chewing surface of the posterior
teeth.teeth.
Tooth SurfacesTooth Surfaces
32. 7. Proximal surfaces - mesial7. Proximal surfaces - mesial
or distal surface of aor distal surface of a
toothtooth
lying next to another tooth.lying next to another tooth.
Tooth SurfacesTooth Surfaces
33. 9. Cusps- pronounced elevations9. Cusps- pronounced elevations
on the occlusal surfaces of aon the occlusal surfaces of a
tooth terminating in a conical ortooth terminating in a conical or
rounded surface.rounded surface.
Tooth SurfacesTooth Surfaces