The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses dentin bonding agents. It provides background on adhesion and the challenges of bonding to dentin compared to enamel. Key points discussed include:
- Conditioning of dentin is needed to remove the smear layer and expose collagen fibers. This can be done chemically using acids or chelators.
- Primers are then used which contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers. They displace water from the moist collagen network and allow resin infiltration.
- The concept of "wet bonding" was introduced, in which acid-etched dentin is kept moist during bonding to maintain the expanded collagen network for resin penetration.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Surface tension & wetting in dental materialsmohsen213
Surface tension and wetting play an important role in dental materials. Adhesion occurs through chemical or physical bonding between dissimilar surfaces or molecules. Cohesion refers to the attraction between like molecules and is responsible for surface tension, where surface molecules cling more strongly together due to fewer neighboring molecules. For an adhesive to wet a surface, its liquid form must enable bonds with the surface that are stronger than the surface's internal cohesive forces. The degree of wetting is indicated by the contact angle between a liquid drop and surface - low contact angles indicate high wettability. Etching a tooth surface increases its surface energy and roughness to promote wetting and bonding of dental resins through both chemical and mechanical mechanisms.
The document discusses the progression of dental adhesive systems through 8 generations. The 8th generation features improvements like being a single-step system and using nano-sized fillers of 12nm in the bonding agent. This increases bonding strength and penetration compared to previous generations. The 8th generation also offers benefits like longer shelf life and stress absorption. It provides bond strengths comparable to total etching agents without the associated sensitivity.
Tissue conditioners are temporary denture liners composed of polyethylmethacrylate and aromatic esters that form a gel when mixed. They have several uses: as adjuncts for tissue healing by protecting irritated tissues before denture fabrication; as temporary obturators over existing dentures; to stabilize denture bases and surgical splints; and to diagnose the effects of resilient denture liners. Tissue conditioners are applied by reducing the denture base, mixing the three components, and molding the material to the denture tissues. They require gentle cleaning to prevent tearing but only provide temporary relief due to loss of plasticizers over 4-8 weeks.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Techniques of direct composite restorationMrinaliniDr
Techniques of the direct composite restoration. Includes different instruments, matrix system, wedges, bevel, etching, bonding, and placement of composite along with finishing and polishing and clinical management
This document discusses dentin bonding agents. It provides background on adhesion and the challenges of bonding to dentin compared to enamel. Key points discussed include:
- Conditioning of dentin is needed to remove the smear layer and expose collagen fibers. This can be done chemically using acids or chelators.
- Primers are then used which contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers. They displace water from the moist collagen network and allow resin infiltration.
- The concept of "wet bonding" was introduced, in which acid-etched dentin is kept moist during bonding to maintain the expanded collagen network for resin penetration.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Surface tension & wetting in dental materialsmohsen213
Surface tension and wetting play an important role in dental materials. Adhesion occurs through chemical or physical bonding between dissimilar surfaces or molecules. Cohesion refers to the attraction between like molecules and is responsible for surface tension, where surface molecules cling more strongly together due to fewer neighboring molecules. For an adhesive to wet a surface, its liquid form must enable bonds with the surface that are stronger than the surface's internal cohesive forces. The degree of wetting is indicated by the contact angle between a liquid drop and surface - low contact angles indicate high wettability. Etching a tooth surface increases its surface energy and roughness to promote wetting and bonding of dental resins through both chemical and mechanical mechanisms.
The document discusses the progression of dental adhesive systems through 8 generations. The 8th generation features improvements like being a single-step system and using nano-sized fillers of 12nm in the bonding agent. This increases bonding strength and penetration compared to previous generations. The 8th generation also offers benefits like longer shelf life and stress absorption. It provides bond strengths comparable to total etching agents without the associated sensitivity.
Tissue conditioners are temporary denture liners composed of polyethylmethacrylate and aromatic esters that form a gel when mixed. They have several uses: as adjuncts for tissue healing by protecting irritated tissues before denture fabrication; as temporary obturators over existing dentures; to stabilize denture bases and surgical splints; and to diagnose the effects of resilient denture liners. Tissue conditioners are applied by reducing the denture base, mixing the three components, and molding the material to the denture tissues. They require gentle cleaning to prevent tearing but only provide temporary relief due to loss of plasticizers over 4-8 weeks.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Techniques of direct composite restorationMrinaliniDr
Techniques of the direct composite restoration. Includes different instruments, matrix system, wedges, bevel, etching, bonding, and placement of composite along with finishing and polishing and clinical management
A temporary denture base is used to support artificial teeth during procedures like determining jaw relations and tooth arrangement. It aims to resemble the final denture. Common materials used are auto-polymerizing resins, heat cure resin, thermoplastics, and shellac. Self-cure acrylic resin is a popular option that can be manipulated using techniques like the sprinkle technique, finger-adapted dough technique, or stone mould dough technique to adapt to the cast. The temporary denture base should adequately support teeth, adapt to tissues, and be stable, rigid, and non-reactive in the mouth.
Non rigid connectors in fixed prosthesis / cosmetic dentistry trainingIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses dental adhesives and their evolution over several generations. It describes improvements in adhesion to dental structures and materials, including the development of self-etching adhesives and single-component adhesives. The document also covers adhesive components, properties, application techniques, advantages and disadvantages. Key adhesive types discussed include etch-and-rinse systems, self-etch adhesives, and light-cured or dual-cured formulations. Diagrams and tables supplement the text.
Dental Ceramics and Porcelain fused to metal isabel
This document discusses ceramics and porcelain fused to metal restorations. It describes the composition and properties of dental ceramics and porcelains, including feldspathic and aluminous porcelains. The applications and parts of porcelain fused to metal restorations are outlined. The benefits and drawbacks of metal-ceramic restorations are summarized. Requirements for the metal coping and bonding of porcelain to the coping are also summarized.
Root canal sealers are used with obturating materials to seal the root canal system. They serve functions like filling irregularities, sealing lateral canals, and assisting with microbial control. Ideal sealers provide an excellent seal, adhere well to canal walls and filling material, are radiopaque, and more. Common types include zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and resin-based sealers. Resin sealers like AH Plus and AH 26 offer advantages like good adhesion, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility but must be mixed properly to avoid adverse reactions. Proper application of sealers within the canal is important to avoid irritation.
This document provides an overview of composite resins. It discusses the history, definitions, indications, contraindications, composition, classification, curing methods, curing lamps, properties, placement techniques, and instruments used. Composite resins have evolved from traditional macrofilled composites in the 1950s to modern nanofilled and silorane-based composites. Their composition includes resin matrices, fillers, coupling agents, initiators, and inhibitors. Curing can be done chemically or with various light sources like halogen, plasma arc, laser, and LED lamps.
Composite Resin Luting cements (2nd edition) presentation powerpoint
A type of dental cement
Used for cementation of indirect restorations & brackets
A summary of five textbooks
The document discusses various principles of adhesion in dentistry. It describes the different mechanisms of adhesion including mechanical adhesion, adsorption adhesion, diffusion adhesion, and electrostatic adhesion. It also outlines the requirements for good adhesion such as sufficient wetting of the adhesive, low viscosity, rough surface texture of the adherend, and high surface energy of the adherend. Additionally, it explains factors that affect adhesion to tooth structures like the smear layer and differences between adhesion to enamel versus dentin.
This document provides guidelines for preparing class II inlay restorations. It describes initial procedures like evaluating occlusion and administering anesthesia. It discusses preparing the occlusal outline, proximal box, bevels, and flares. Modifications for specific tooth shapes and situations are covered. Preparation variations like slices and flares are explained. Special considerations for abutment teeth and root surface lesions are also summarized. The document provides a thorough overview of class II inlay preparation techniques.
This document discusses pulpal reactions to various dental procedures and materials. It covers:
1. Protective pulpal reactions to dental caries, including decreased dentin permeability, tertiary dentin formation, and inflammatory immune responses.
2. Pulpal reactions to local anesthetics, restorative procedures, and materials can range from reversible inflammation to irreversible pathology depending on factors like pretreatment pulp health, physical/chemical irritation level, and proximity to the pulp.
3. Direct effects of restorative materials include cytotoxic components, while indirect effects involve faulty bonds leading to hypersensitivity or recurrent decay. Conditioning dentin properly during restorations is important to minimize pulpal irritation.
Bonding to Enamel and Dentin Bonding to Enamel and DentinStephanie Chahrouk
1. Bonding agents allow for placement of aesthetic restorations like composites by bonding to enamel and dentin. Developments in bonding agents and composite materials as well as increased focus on aesthetics have boosted adhesive dentistry.
2. Bonding techniques minimize removal of tooth structure, manage sensitivity, reduce microleakage, and expand aesthetic options. Conditioning enamel with phosphoric acid increases surface area for bonding through resin tags.
3. Dentin requires both acid conditioning to remove the smear layer and expose collagen and priming to promote resin infiltration into demineralized dentin. Maintaining a moist environment is important for optimal dentin bonding.
Finishing and polishing of composite restorationsanandhu290576
Finishing and polishing of composite restorations is important to achieve optimal esthetics, durability, and oral health. The goals are to obtain proper anatomy and occlusion while reducing surface roughness and defects. Various systems can be used including diamonds, discs, strips, and pastes - moving from coarse to fine grit sizes. Guidelines include using light pressure, slow speed, and water cooling to avoid heat generation. Rebonding with bonding agent seals microcracks introduced during finishing and polishing.
This document discusses various die materials used for fixed prosthodontics. It begins by defining key terms like die and cast. It then describes the most commonly used die materials like gypsum products (dental stones), die stones, epoxy resins, and others. For each material, it covers properties, advantages, disadvantages and appropriate uses. It also discusses techniques to improve die properties and compatibility with different impression materials. Finally, it provides a comparison of different die materials in terms of their strengths and limitations. The overall document serves as a comprehensive guide to selecting and using die materials for fixed prosthodontic procedures.
This document discusses the importance of circumferential tie and bevels in dental preparations. It defines different types of bevels such as partial, short, long, full, counter, and hollow ground bevels. It also discusses different extensions used in preparations like flares, skirts, collars, and their indications. The ideal requirements of peripheral margins and factors affecting bevel angle are explained. Bevel placement in teeth with facets and their importance in cast restorations is also summarized.
This document discusses adhesion and bonding in dentistry. It begins by introducing the fundamental objective of creating adhesion between tooth structure and restorative materials. It then covers the principles of adhesion, including the different types of adhesion mechanisms. Some key factors and challenges that impact adhesion are surface energy, contact angle, wetting, surface contamination, and water content. The document reviews the history of bonding agents, from early experiments in the 1950s to the development of multi-step bonding systems. It also separates the discussion of enamel bonding agents from dentin bonding agents.
A complete denture is a removable dental prosthesis that replaces the entire dentition and associated structures of the maxilla and mandible. It is composed of artificial teeth attached to a denture base, which is typically made of heat-cured or chemically-cured denture base resin. Heat-cured resin requires processing using a polymerization cycle involving water baths at different temperatures, while chemically-cured resin polymerizes at room temperature. Both resin types are biocompatible but heat-cured resin tends to be stronger with less porosity and distortion compared to chemically-cured resin.
This document discusses acid etching of dental surfaces. It describes how acid etching was first proposed in 1955 to increase bond strength between composite resin and enamel. Acid etching removes enamel and creates an irregular porous surface that allows resin to penetrate through micromechanical interlocking, improving bond strength. Factors like acid type/concentration, etching duration, and fluoride levels can affect bonding. While acid etching is effective, some alternatives under investigation include crystal growth solutions, air abrasion, and lasers, but they have not achieved bond strengths as high as acid etching.
The document discusses the history and development of dentin bonding agents over several generations from the 1970s to 2000s. It covers key topics such as the role of the smear layer, conditioning of dentin, components of bonding agents, and critical steps for clinical use. Dentin bonding agents have evolved from early attempts at chemical bonding to current multi-step and self-etching adhesives that provide both mechanical and chemical bonding via a hybrid layer between resin and dentin. Proper isolation, acid-etching, moisture control, and curing technique are important for achieving optimal bond strength.
A temporary denture base is used to support artificial teeth during procedures like determining jaw relations and tooth arrangement. It aims to resemble the final denture. Common materials used are auto-polymerizing resins, heat cure resin, thermoplastics, and shellac. Self-cure acrylic resin is a popular option that can be manipulated using techniques like the sprinkle technique, finger-adapted dough technique, or stone mould dough technique to adapt to the cast. The temporary denture base should adequately support teeth, adapt to tissues, and be stable, rigid, and non-reactive in the mouth.
Non rigid connectors in fixed prosthesis / cosmetic dentistry trainingIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses dental adhesives and their evolution over several generations. It describes improvements in adhesion to dental structures and materials, including the development of self-etching adhesives and single-component adhesives. The document also covers adhesive components, properties, application techniques, advantages and disadvantages. Key adhesive types discussed include etch-and-rinse systems, self-etch adhesives, and light-cured or dual-cured formulations. Diagrams and tables supplement the text.
Dental Ceramics and Porcelain fused to metal isabel
This document discusses ceramics and porcelain fused to metal restorations. It describes the composition and properties of dental ceramics and porcelains, including feldspathic and aluminous porcelains. The applications and parts of porcelain fused to metal restorations are outlined. The benefits and drawbacks of metal-ceramic restorations are summarized. Requirements for the metal coping and bonding of porcelain to the coping are also summarized.
Root canal sealers are used with obturating materials to seal the root canal system. They serve functions like filling irregularities, sealing lateral canals, and assisting with microbial control. Ideal sealers provide an excellent seal, adhere well to canal walls and filling material, are radiopaque, and more. Common types include zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and resin-based sealers. Resin sealers like AH Plus and AH 26 offer advantages like good adhesion, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility but must be mixed properly to avoid adverse reactions. Proper application of sealers within the canal is important to avoid irritation.
This document provides an overview of composite resins. It discusses the history, definitions, indications, contraindications, composition, classification, curing methods, curing lamps, properties, placement techniques, and instruments used. Composite resins have evolved from traditional macrofilled composites in the 1950s to modern nanofilled and silorane-based composites. Their composition includes resin matrices, fillers, coupling agents, initiators, and inhibitors. Curing can be done chemically or with various light sources like halogen, plasma arc, laser, and LED lamps.
Composite Resin Luting cements (2nd edition) presentation powerpoint
A type of dental cement
Used for cementation of indirect restorations & brackets
A summary of five textbooks
The document discusses various principles of adhesion in dentistry. It describes the different mechanisms of adhesion including mechanical adhesion, adsorption adhesion, diffusion adhesion, and electrostatic adhesion. It also outlines the requirements for good adhesion such as sufficient wetting of the adhesive, low viscosity, rough surface texture of the adherend, and high surface energy of the adherend. Additionally, it explains factors that affect adhesion to tooth structures like the smear layer and differences between adhesion to enamel versus dentin.
This document provides guidelines for preparing class II inlay restorations. It describes initial procedures like evaluating occlusion and administering anesthesia. It discusses preparing the occlusal outline, proximal box, bevels, and flares. Modifications for specific tooth shapes and situations are covered. Preparation variations like slices and flares are explained. Special considerations for abutment teeth and root surface lesions are also summarized. The document provides a thorough overview of class II inlay preparation techniques.
This document discusses pulpal reactions to various dental procedures and materials. It covers:
1. Protective pulpal reactions to dental caries, including decreased dentin permeability, tertiary dentin formation, and inflammatory immune responses.
2. Pulpal reactions to local anesthetics, restorative procedures, and materials can range from reversible inflammation to irreversible pathology depending on factors like pretreatment pulp health, physical/chemical irritation level, and proximity to the pulp.
3. Direct effects of restorative materials include cytotoxic components, while indirect effects involve faulty bonds leading to hypersensitivity or recurrent decay. Conditioning dentin properly during restorations is important to minimize pulpal irritation.
Bonding to Enamel and Dentin Bonding to Enamel and DentinStephanie Chahrouk
1. Bonding agents allow for placement of aesthetic restorations like composites by bonding to enamel and dentin. Developments in bonding agents and composite materials as well as increased focus on aesthetics have boosted adhesive dentistry.
2. Bonding techniques minimize removal of tooth structure, manage sensitivity, reduce microleakage, and expand aesthetic options. Conditioning enamel with phosphoric acid increases surface area for bonding through resin tags.
3. Dentin requires both acid conditioning to remove the smear layer and expose collagen and priming to promote resin infiltration into demineralized dentin. Maintaining a moist environment is important for optimal dentin bonding.
Finishing and polishing of composite restorationsanandhu290576
Finishing and polishing of composite restorations is important to achieve optimal esthetics, durability, and oral health. The goals are to obtain proper anatomy and occlusion while reducing surface roughness and defects. Various systems can be used including diamonds, discs, strips, and pastes - moving from coarse to fine grit sizes. Guidelines include using light pressure, slow speed, and water cooling to avoid heat generation. Rebonding with bonding agent seals microcracks introduced during finishing and polishing.
This document discusses various die materials used for fixed prosthodontics. It begins by defining key terms like die and cast. It then describes the most commonly used die materials like gypsum products (dental stones), die stones, epoxy resins, and others. For each material, it covers properties, advantages, disadvantages and appropriate uses. It also discusses techniques to improve die properties and compatibility with different impression materials. Finally, it provides a comparison of different die materials in terms of their strengths and limitations. The overall document serves as a comprehensive guide to selecting and using die materials for fixed prosthodontic procedures.
This document discusses the importance of circumferential tie and bevels in dental preparations. It defines different types of bevels such as partial, short, long, full, counter, and hollow ground bevels. It also discusses different extensions used in preparations like flares, skirts, collars, and their indications. The ideal requirements of peripheral margins and factors affecting bevel angle are explained. Bevel placement in teeth with facets and their importance in cast restorations is also summarized.
This document discusses adhesion and bonding in dentistry. It begins by introducing the fundamental objective of creating adhesion between tooth structure and restorative materials. It then covers the principles of adhesion, including the different types of adhesion mechanisms. Some key factors and challenges that impact adhesion are surface energy, contact angle, wetting, surface contamination, and water content. The document reviews the history of bonding agents, from early experiments in the 1950s to the development of multi-step bonding systems. It also separates the discussion of enamel bonding agents from dentin bonding agents.
A complete denture is a removable dental prosthesis that replaces the entire dentition and associated structures of the maxilla and mandible. It is composed of artificial teeth attached to a denture base, which is typically made of heat-cured or chemically-cured denture base resin. Heat-cured resin requires processing using a polymerization cycle involving water baths at different temperatures, while chemically-cured resin polymerizes at room temperature. Both resin types are biocompatible but heat-cured resin tends to be stronger with less porosity and distortion compared to chemically-cured resin.
This document discusses acid etching of dental surfaces. It describes how acid etching was first proposed in 1955 to increase bond strength between composite resin and enamel. Acid etching removes enamel and creates an irregular porous surface that allows resin to penetrate through micromechanical interlocking, improving bond strength. Factors like acid type/concentration, etching duration, and fluoride levels can affect bonding. While acid etching is effective, some alternatives under investigation include crystal growth solutions, air abrasion, and lasers, but they have not achieved bond strengths as high as acid etching.
The document discusses the history and development of dentin bonding agents over several generations from the 1970s to 2000s. It covers key topics such as the role of the smear layer, conditioning of dentin, components of bonding agents, and critical steps for clinical use. Dentin bonding agents have evolved from early attempts at chemical bonding to current multi-step and self-etching adhesives that provide both mechanical and chemical bonding via a hybrid layer between resin and dentin. Proper isolation, acid-etching, moisture control, and curing technique are important for achieving optimal bond strength.
1) The document discusses the history and evolution of dental adhesives from the 1960s to present. It describes the different generations of adhesives from 1st/2nd generation that only bonded to enamel to current 7th generation self-etch adhesives.
2) Principles of adhesion to tooth structures are described including requirements for bonding to enamel versus dentin. The concept of the hybrid layer which enhances bonding to dentin is introduced.
3) Factors that influence post-operative sensitivity with total-etch adhesives are examined including overdrying of etched dentin. Advantages of self-etch adhesives in reducing post-operative sensitivity are summarized.
Thermosetting and thermoplastic resins are the two main types of adhesives. Thermosetting adhesives harden permanently once heated, while thermoplastics soften when heated and reharden when cooled. Common thermosetting adhesives include phenol-formaldehyde, polyesters, and silicones. Thermoplastics include cellulose derivatives, starches, and polyvinyls. The strength of adhesive bonds depends on factors like the smoothness, thickness, and thermal expansion properties of the adhered surfaces as well as the degree of polymerization, polarity, and complexity of the adhesive molecule. Adhesives are applied through methods like brushing, rolling, spraying, or using reactive
This document provides information on bonding in operative dentistry and enamel and dentin adhesion. It discusses the history and development of dental bonding agents from the 1950s to present. Key topics covered include the mechanism of adhesion, factors affecting adhesion to enamel and dentin, wet versus dry adhesion techniques, challenges with bonding, and the requirements for an ideal bonding agent. The document also defines important terms, discusses the components and removal of the smear layer, and compares adhesion to enamel versus dentin.
Reisn bonded prosthesis / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Methods of detecting microleakage/ orthodontic course by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
This document discusses various methods used to detect microleakage between dental restorations and tooth structures. It describes several penetration studies methods using dyes, isotopes, bacteria, and chemical tracers to evaluate microleakage. Additional methods covered include air pressure testing, fluid conduction studies, electronic monitoring, and microscopic examination techniques like scanning electron microscopy and replication studies. The document provides an overview of the goals, procedures, and applications of different microleakage detection methods.
This document provides information on PANAVIA F 2.0 dental adhesive resin cement. It summarizes that PANAVIA F 2.0 has outstanding bond strength to all dental substrates, including enamel, dentin, ceramics, composites, and metals. Independent studies have shown it has the lowest microleakage compared to other cements. With over 25 years of proven performance since 1983, PANAVIA F 2.0 is considered the gold standard of adhesive resin cements.
This document discusses new developments in dental adhesion. It summarizes that adhesion involves bonding two substrates together, like bonding a restoration to enamel or dentin in dentistry. There are two main strategies for dental adhesion - etch-and-rinse and self-etch. Etch-and-rinse removes the smear layer and demineralizes the surface before bonding, while self-etch adhesives make the smear layer permeable without completely removing it. Recent developments focus on simplifying and reducing application time with self-etch adhesives that condition, prime, and bond in a single step. However, etching with phosphoric acid is still considered the standard for bonding to enamel.
4th 5th 6th generation of bonding agentsIsraa Awadh
This document discusses the history and development of dental bonding techniques. It begins by defining bonding agents and outlining their components and ideal requirements. The challenges of bonding to dentin are then described. The document goes on to classify bonding techniques into generations from first to seventh generation, describing the characteristics of fourth, fifth and sixth generation bonding agents. Considerations for bonding to primary versus permanent dentin are also discussed, along with tips for optimizing bonding procedures. In conclusion, the document emphasizes that technique is more important than the specific bonding material used.
In vitro tests of adhesive and composite dental materialsSilas Toka
The document summarizes a review article on the relevance of in vitro tests of adhesive and composite dental materials. It discusses how laboratory tests are conducted according to ISO standards to evaluate properties like depth of cure, flexural strength, water sorption and solubility. While such tests provide standardized physical property data, they do not replace clinical studies. Laboratory tests only partially correlate with clinical performance and cannot predict all potential problems. Both laboratory and long-term clinical studies are needed to fully assess new dental materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Este documento presenta los fundamentos de la biocompatibilidad de los materiales dentales. Explica términos como biomaterial y biocompatibilidad. Describe los posibles efectos adversos locales y sistémicos de los materiales dentales como toxicidad, inflamación y alergia. Además, identifica factores que influyen en la respuesta biológica como la anatomía oral y considera aspectos biológicos de diferentes materiales odontológicos comunes.
Biological properties of dental materials /certified fixed orthodontic cours...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Biocompatibility of dental materials / aesthetic dentistry coursesIndian dental academy
This document discusses biocompatibility testing of dental materials. It describes the different types and levels of biocompatibility tests, including primary, secondary, and pre-clinical usage tests. Primary tests include cytotoxicity evaluations, while secondary tests assess systemic toxicity and implantation responses. Pre-clinical usage tests involve placing materials in dentin adjacent to dental pulp or replacing pulp with test materials. The document also discusses standards for biocompatibility testing from organizations like ANSI and ISO, as well as allergic responses and pulpal responses to various dental materials like amalgam, composites, and cements.
Este documento trata sobre la biocompatibilidad de los materiales dentales. Explica que la biocompatibilidad depende de la interacción dinámica entre el material y el cuerpo, la cual ocurre a nivel de la interfase. Describe posibles reacciones adversas como la toxicidad, inflamación y reacciones alérgicas, así como consideraciones especiales para la biocompatibilidad en odontología.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses CAD CAM dentistry and digital impressions. It begins by comparing traditional dentistry and CAD CAM dentistry, noting advantages of digital impressions like decreased turnaround time, improved accuracy and fewer remakes. It then reviews several studies showing digital impressions are more accurate and comfortable for patients. The document outlines the basic components of CAD CAM systems including scanners, design software and milling machines. It discusses open vs closed architecture systems and chairside vs lab-based production. Recent advances in digital impression technology like powder-free scanning and continuous color imaging are also summarized.
LASERS IN ENDODONTICS AND CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRYBlagoja Lazovski
Laser technology is used in dentistry for a variety of applications. Lasers can be used for soft tissue procedures, hard tissue procedures, detection of cavities, teeth whitening, and curing of dental materials. The erbium laser is particularly useful as it allows for ablation of hard dental tissues with minimal thermal damage. Lasers offer advantages over traditional dental tools like drills in being more precise and causing less pain for patients.
The document discusses tooth-colored restorative materials and procedures for their use. It describes different types of tooth-colored materials including composite resins, glass ionomer cements, and compomers. It also discusses dental adhesion/bonding systems and the development of dentin bonding agents. Cavity preparation designs for tooth-colored restorations include conventional, beveled conventional, and modified preparations. The clinical procedure for placing a tooth-colored restoration involves local anesthesia, isolation, cavity preparation, acid etching, bonding agent application, composite insertion, and finishing procedures.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Dentin bonding agents /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document provides an overview of dentin bonding agents. It discusses the history and development of bonding agents from the 1950s to present. Key topics covered include the bonding mechanism, ideal requirements, microstructure of dentin, smear layer, etching of enamel and dentin, hybridization, reverse hybrid layer, wet vs dry bonding, and classifications of dentin bonding agents. The document aims to describe the important concepts and advances in dentin bonding for adhesive dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the history and development of dental bonding systems. It describes the key differences between first, second, and third generation bonding agents. First generation agents from the 1960s produced weak bonds of 2-3 MPa and had high failure rates. Second generation agents from the 1970s-1980s left the smear layer intact and achieved bonds of 4.5-6 MPa. Third generation "total-etch" systems from the 1990s removed the smear layer prior to bonding and produced stronger bonds of 16-26 MPa approaching that of enamel. The three-step approach of conditioning, priming, and applying adhesive resin was developed to strongly bond to both enamel and dentin.
Resin adhesives in endodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
This document discusses the use of resin adhesives in endodontics. It covers topics like adhesion to dentin, challenges bonding to coronal versus radicular dentin, and various resin-based root canal sealers and luting cements. Newer systems aim to create a solid resin monoblock in the root that effectively seals to dentinal walls. Factors like smear layer removal and moisture affect adhesion in the root canal. Resin adhesives show potential for rehabilitating weakened roots and restoring access cavities.
Fundamental concepts of enamel and dentin adhesionRicha Singh
1. The document discusses the fundamental concepts of enamel and dentin adhesion, including the mechanisms of adhesion and classifications of dental adhesives.
2. It describes Buonocore's acid etch technique for bonding to enamel and the challenges of bonding to dentin, such as its structure, the smear layer, and stresses at the resin-dentin interface.
3. Current strategies for resin-dentin bonding are discussed, including etch-and-rinse adhesives and self-etch adhesives. Etch-and-rinse adhesives involve removing the smear layer with acid before bonding, while self-etch adhesives combine etching and priming into one step.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Bonding agents and its application in prosthodontics / dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
new dba-1(1).pptx DENTIN BONDING AGENTS GENERATIONS, ADVANTAGES N DISADVANTAGESaishwaryakhare5
Dentin bonding agents are used to bond resin composites to tooth structure. They were introduced to reduce microleakage and the need for extensive tooth preparation. There are several mechanisms of adhesion, including mechanical interlocking, adsorption, and diffusion. Conditioning of the tooth with acid creates an irregular surface that allows resin tags to form. For dentin bonding, acid etching is followed by rinsing, drying, and application of a primer and adhesive. The primer infiltrates demineralized dentin to form a "hybrid layer". This bonding technique reduces leakage and the need for removal of tooth structure.
Resin based obturation / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Effect Of Solvent Type On Microtensile Bond Strength Of TotalEtch One-Bottle ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Immediate dentin sealing is recommended before taking final impressions for indirect restorations. It involves applying a dentin bonding agent to freshly cut dentin after tooth preparation to preserve the dentinal collagen network and develop an adequate hybrid layer. This protects against bacterial contamination and leakage into dentinal tubules, improves bond strength, and reduces post-operative sensitivity. The ideal time for dentin sealing is immediately after tooth preparation, before blocking undercuts and taking impressions.
This study evaluated the bond durability of dentin restorations bonded with light-cured or dual-cured etch-and-rinse adhesive systems, finding that dual-cured adhesive systems produced higher immediate bond strength and durability compared to light-cured systems, and that a three-step adhesive system resulted in the highest bond values while an acetone-based two-step system produced the lowest.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Adhesion in dentistry involves bonding dental materials such as composites to tooth structure. There are two main types of adhesion - chemical and micromechanical. Chemical adhesion involves bonding between tooth and material molecules while micromechanical adhesion uses surface irregularities created by etching to mechanically interlock the material. Factors like surface energy and cleanliness influence adhesion. Conditioning times for enamel and dentin can affect bond strength, with some studies finding extended times increase strength for dentin but not enamel. High quality adhesion improves restoration retention and resistance to leakage and fracture.
Similar to Dentin bonding systems / dental implant courses (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
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1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
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Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
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Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
1. Dentin
B o n d i n g Systems
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental Education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. Dentin Bonding or adhesion
Micromechanical coupling or union of restorative
materials to dentin, particularly composites, via an
intermediary adhesive resin layer. Eick et al.
.
DentinBondingSystems
Allow more conservative cavity preparation since reliance on
traditional retentive features is reduced.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. Dentin bonding agents
Difunctional or multifunctional organic
molecules that contain reactive group which
interacts with dentin and the monomer of the
restorative resin.
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. Basic Concepts
The American Society for Testing and
Materials( ASTM) Sp no D 907.
Adhesion “ the state in which two surfaces are held
together by interfacial forces which may consist of
valence forces or interlocking forces or both.”
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. Low contact angle : Good
wetting
High contact angle : Poor
wetting
Requirements of good bonding:
(Dental materials and their selection: William J O’ Brien Third edition.Sturdevant.)
1.Good Wetting; degree of spreading of a liquid drop on a solid surface
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. 2. Surface energy:
Adhesive: Low surface energy
Adherend: High surface energy
.
Hydroxyapatite and glass ionomer cement :High surface energy
Collagen and composite :low energy surfaces
3. Surfaces joined should be clean
4.Good penetration
Liquid with low viscosity, low surface tension, low contact angle
DentinBondingSystems
500-5000
erg/cm2
:Hard Solids
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10. Clinical uses of dentin bonding systems:
Bonding of directly placed resin based restorative materials.
Bonding of indirectly placed restorative materials.
Bonding of ceramic restorations.
Bonding of amalgam restorations.
Bonding of prefabricated and cast posts.
Bonding orthodontic brackets.
Bonding periodontal splints
Repair existing restorations.
Sealing of pits and fissures of posterior teeth.
Treatment of cervical sensitive dentine.
Reattachment of fractured tooth fragments.
Pulp capping.
Reinforce fragile roots internally.
Seal apical restorations placed during endodontic surgery.
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. History of dentinal bonding:
Oscar Hagger( 1951): GPADMA.
Buonocore: (1955): Acid etching technique
Bowen ( 1957) : Development of BISGMA.
Schmidt and Purrmann( 1958) P Cadurit.
Causton( 1965) how primers work.
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. Knight et al( 1971) Urethane Dimethacrylate.( ICI Dental).
Forster and Walker( Amalgamated Dental Company)1975)
Urethane dimethacrylate resin for use in resin composite dental
materials.
Higher molecular weight,
Lower viscosity
Toughness
Less staining than Bis GMA.
Gwinnet and Silverstone( 1975) described three patterns of etching
of enamel.
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. Nakabayashi et al( 1982) Hybrid layer
.
Ferrari et al( 1997- 2003) Development of one bottle bonding systems.
Sixth and Seventh generation bonding systems.
DentinBondingSystems
Fusayama ( 1987)
Concept of total
etching and bonding.
John Kanca ( 1990s)
Wet bonding technique
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14. Ideal requirements of dentin bonding agents:
1961 Phillips and Ryge:
High bond strength to dentin .
Provide bond strength to dentin similar to that of enamel.
Biocompatibility to dental tissue including the pulp.
Minimize microleakage at the margins of the restorations.
Prevent recurrent caries and marginal staining.
Easy to use and minimally technique sensitive.
Good shelf life.
Be compatible with a wide range of resins.
Non toxic and non sensitizing to the operators or patients.
Bonding agents should seal the tooth surfaces from oral fluids.
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. Enamel adhesion:
micromechanical retention.
Resin tags
Macrotags:
•Form between the enamel rod peripheries
•2-5 Micrometers
Microtags
•Across the end of each rod where hydroxyapatite crystals have been
dissolved
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. Phosphoric acid as an etchant:
Buonocore :acid etching with 85% phosphoric acid
for 30 sec
50 % phosphoric acid for 60 seconds
monocalcium phosphate monohydrate precipitate
Concentrations below 25%
dicalcium phosphate monohydrate precipitate
Concentrations above 40%
Dissolve less calcium and etch patterns with poorer
definitions
37% for 15 sec is considered appropriate.
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. Benefits of enamel bonding
Shear bond strengths in the range of 20 Mpa
Resisting contraction forces during polymerization
Substantial cuspal reinforcement
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. Problems to bonding to dentin:
1. Complex histological structure of dentin:
45% inorganic.
Random arrangement of hydroxyapatite crystals
Tubular nature of dentin that permit fluid flow
The relative area of dentin occupied by the tubules
45000 per mm2 at the pulp
22-28% at the cross sectional area near the
pulp
20000 per mm2 at DEJ in coronal dentin
1-4% near the enamel
Plasma like fluid in the dentinal tubules is under a slight but
constantoutward pressure from the pulp
25- 30 mm Hg( 30-40 cm H20)
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. 2.Regional variation in the permeability
characteristics of dentin:
Pulp horns >centre of the occlusal surface.
Proximal dentin >occlusal dentin
Coronal dentin >root dentin
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. 3.Presence of smear layer
4.Alterations in the mineral content and structure of dentin
5. Stresses at the resin dentin interface
DentinBondingSystems
7Mpa
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23. Classification of dentin bonding agents:
According to generation.
According to adhesion strategy( No of clinical
applications).
According to chemical composition.
According to treatment of smear layer.
According to Ph.
According to bond strength
According to mode of curing
According to type of solvent.
DentinBondingSystems
90
91
89
92
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24. According to generations:
Evolution of bonding agents
from
No etch to
total etch
and self etch.
DentinBondingSystems
Satcaw and Reitif 1989.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. I Generation Bonding agents
1970s
Buonocore :GPA-DMA could bond to HCl etched
dentin surfaces .( Hydrophilic phosphate group and
hydrophobic methacrylate group)
Bowen 1965 :N- Phenylglycine glycidyl
methacrylate( NPG- GMA)
water resistant bonds of resin to dentinal calcium.
Agents used in this generation:
NPG-GMA.
Glycerophosphoric acid dimethacrylate.( GPA-DMA).
Cyanoacrylates
Polyurethanes.
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. Bonding mechanism:
Chelation with calcium on the tooth surface to
generate water resistant chemical bonds of resin to
dentinal calcium.
Bond Strength: 2-3 Mpa
Eg:
Cervident( S.S White, Lake wood, NJ) First
commercially available bonding agent.
Cosmic bond( Amalgamated Dental Company)
Palakav( Kulzer, USA).
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. Advantages:
NPG-GMA acts as a primer and adhesion promoter between
enamel/ dentin and resin material by chelation with calcium ions
of dentin.
Disadvantages:
Poor clinical result, when used to restore cervical erosion
lesions without mechanical retention.
Low bond strengths of only 2-3 MPa.
Carbon 13 NMR analysis, shows that no ionic bonding actually
occurs.
Hydrolysis of GPA-DMA in oral environment.
Difficulty in bulk polymerization of cyanoacrylates.
Instability of NPG-GMA in solution.
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. II generation bonding agents:
1978, the Clearfil Bond System F( Kuraray, Osaka, Japan)
Halophosphorous esters of unfilled resins such as BisGMA or
HEMA.
Systems
Clearfil bond system F.
Scotch bond dual cure( 3M ESPE).
Bondlite ( Kerr).
Prisma Universal Bond( Johnson and Johnson).
Mechanism of action:
Surface wetting phenomenon and ionic interaction between
negatively charged phosphate groups in the resin and positively
charged calcium in the smear layer.
Bond strength: 1- 5 Mpa
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Advantages of second generation adhesives:
The bond strength 3 times more.( Some 30-50% of acid
etched enamel)
Disadvantages:
Low bond strength of 1-10 Mpa
Hydrolysis of the bonds between phosphonate
esters and dentin
Poor clinical performance:
Bond achieved limited by cohesive failure in
smear layer or break at the smear layer dentin
surface.
Resins were devoid of hydrophilic groups, large
contact angles on intrinsically moist surfaces, did
not wet the dentin well.
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. Smear layer not removed in second
generation adhesives
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. DentinBondingSystems
The dentin primers in third generation adhesives:
Hydroxyethyl trimellitate anhydride or 4, META
Bisphenyle dimethacrylate or BPDM
6% phosphate pentaacrylate, or PENTA
30% HEMA
64 % ethanol.
Acids used were weak acids such as EDTA or 2.5%Nitric acid)
Bond strength: 9-15 Mpa.
Advantages:
Bond strengths
Reduced microleakage relied on mechanical means of
bonding as opposed to the less reliable chemical adhesion.
Better clinical performance.
Disadvantages
Complex requiring 2-3 applications.
Fusion of concepts of the Europe and Japan.www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. The agents used were:
Scotch bond2 ( 3M Dental)
Gluma( Bayer/ Miles)
Tenure( Den- Mat)
Prisma Universal Bond 3( Caulk/ Dentsply),
Syntac( Ivoclar Vivadent)
XR Bond( Kerr)
Clearfil New Bond( Kuraray)
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. System Conditioner Primer Adhesive
1. Scotch bond
2
2.5% maleic
acid, 55%
HEMA, and a
trace of
methacrylic acid
Bis
GMA(62.5%)
HEMA(32.5%)
Photoinitiator
2. Tenure
(15 Mpa)
Oxalate
bonding
system
Acidic ferric
oxalate which
cause staining
hence replaced by
aluminium oxalate
5% NTG
GMA PMDM
Bis GMA
TEG- DMA
3. Miragebond
(10.9+1.2M)
NPG( N phenyl
glycine)
2.5% Nitric acid
PMDM
4. Gluma
( 15 Mpa)
17%EDTA to
remove smear
layer and free
collagen
35%HEMA
5%
glutaraldehyde
55% Bis GMA
TEGDMA.
5. Prisma
universal
bond 2
30%HEMA
6% PENTA
50%UDMA
25%TEGDMA
4.5% PENTA
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. Fourth Generation Bonding agents:
Total etch concept :1980s by Bertolotti and Kanca
Hybrid layer Nakabayashi 1982
Impregnation of resin into partially decalcified dentin followed by
polymerization created a resin reinforced
Universal Bonding systems
Acid:
7.5 Micrometers Demineralization
Primer:
Increases the surface energy of the
substrate.(NPG GMA, BPDM)
Unfilled resins
40%BisGMA, 30%UDMA,30%HEMA)
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. Advantages:
Bond strength: 18 Mpa.
No reduction in bond strength when applied to
moist surface.
Can bond to mineralized tissue as well as metal,
amalgam, composite and porcelain.
Disadvantages:
Multiple steps: Technique sensitive.
Unless the primer and adhesive are applied
consecutively, the overlying composite resin will not
bond to the surface.
Option of converting the dentin bonding agents from a
light curing one to a dual curing oneby incorporation
of sulfinic acid derivative( self activating agent).
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. Agents used in this generation
All bond 2( Bisco Dental)
Amalgam- bond( Parkell)
Clearfil Liner Bond( Kuraray)
Imperva Bond( Shofu Dental)
Optibond( Kerr)
Scotch bond multipurpose( 3M Dental)
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. Name Bond
Strength
Conditoner Primer Unfilled resin
All bond 2 21.2+7.8Mp
a
37%
phosphoric
2%NTG-
GMA
16%BPDM
BisGMA 40%
30%UDMA
30%HEMA
Scotch
bond
multipurpo
se
21.8 MPa
to wet
dentin
17.8 Mpa to
dry dentin
10% maliec
acid 3Mic M
depth
Aqueous
solution of
HEMA
Polyalkenoate
polymers
Bis GMA
containing
HEMA
Amalgam
Bond
10% Citric
acid
19% Ferric
Chloride
HEMA with
water
4- META
MMA-TBB.
Panavia
21 Kuraray
21+_1.5
Mpa
MDP
HEMA
5 NMSA
Phosphoric
acid ester of
MDP
Fourth Generation Adhesives
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. Scotch bond multipurpose:
The moisture resistance
:formation of bonds between
dentinal calcium and the
polyalkenoic acid component
of the primer.
Panavia 21( Kuraray)
Advantage
Long term Bond strength to
metal and silanated
porcelain
Disadvantage:
strongly oxygen inhibiting ,
gel to prevent oxygen from
coming in contact with it.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. Etchant Primer Adhesive+ +
Etchant + Primer AdhesivePrimer
and
adhesive
3 step total etch
4 Th Generation
2 step
5 Th Generation
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41. Fifth generation Bonding Agents:
Mechanism of action :
micromechanical retention by
Penetration into partially opened tubules
Hybrid layer
Chemical interactions using first and second order
bonding
Moist bonding technique
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. Moist or wet
bonding
Acetone or ethanol solvent displaces water and carries
the resins into the collagen.
Rewetting agents
Water
Aqueous solutions of HEMA
Aqua Prep( Bisco, Inc) or
Gluma Desensitizer( Heraeus Kulzer). glutaraldehyde
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. Advantages:
Good bond strength.
Time saving and relatively simpler to use.
Some agents have incorporated fluoride and elastomeric
components to improve marginal integrity.
Disadvantages:
Post operative sensitivity
(most common in situations that magnify effects of composite
polymerization shrinkage.)
DentinBondingSystems
C factor of 5
www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. Fifth Generation adhesives
Prime and Bond
Prime and Bond 2.1
Prime and Bond NT( Dentsply Caulk, Milford,
Delaware.
Prime and Bond 2.0( Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz,
Germany)
Single Bond( 3M ESPE)
Optibond Solo
Optibond Solo plus( Kerr Corporation, Orange
California)
Pq1(Ultradent products, South Jordan)
Excite( Ivoclar Vivadent.
Bond 1(Jeneric/Pentron)
One Coat Bond( Coltene Whaledent)
Gluma One bond
DentinBondingSystems
www.indiandentalacademy.com
47. Prime and Bond NT
Is the successor of Prime
bond 2.1.
Contains nanofillers of
diameter of 7 micrometers.
Stabilises the hybrid layer
Additional crosslinker by
penetrating the channels
between collagen fibrils to
provide nanoretention
Second Generation adhesives- 2-4 MPa
Third Generation adhesives- 3-8 MPa
Fourth Generation adhesives-13-
30Mpa
Fifth Generation adhesives- 3-25 Mpa
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48. Sixth Generation Bonding agents:
late 1990s
primer and etchant are combined in one step.( Self etching
primers)
Type I Two step/ Non rinsing conditioner/ Self etch primer
systems
Type II One step/ Self etching adhesives/ All in one systems
The Dental Advisor: 2003 issue, Vol. 20, No. 8.
Dental update 2004:31:580-89
Journ Esthet Rest Dent 2004;16:57-69.
DentinBondingSystems
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49. Etchant Primer Adhesive
Etchant Primer Adhesive
+ +
+ +
Self
etching
primer
All in one
adhesive
Sixth Generation
Type 1
Sixth Generation
Type i
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50. Type I Two step/ Non rinsing conditioner/ Self
etch primer systems:
NRC Non Rinse Conditioner( Dentsply De Trey,
Konstanz, Germany) followed by Prime and Bond NT(
Dentsply)
Clearfil SE Bond
Clearfil Liner Bond IIV.
Tryian( BISCO, Inc, Schaumburg,)
Simplicity( Apex Dental Materials, Inc, Sandwich, IL)
UniFil Bond(GC America, Alsip, IL)
OneCoat Self-Etching Bond(Coltene Whaledent,
Cuyahoga Falls )
AdheSE( Ivoclar Vivadent).
DentinBondingSystems
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51. Clearfil SE bond:
Comes close to the ideal bonding
agent.
Film thickness is slightly high .
Questions about its ability to stick to
some self cured resins.
Simplicity:
Introduced by Dr. John Kanca.
Ability to stick to all methacrylate resins light
cured, dual cured or self cured.
Film thickness is sufficiently thin, so can be
used to bond posts to endodontically treated
teeth and to bond indirect resin inlays.
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52. AdheSE
Two hydrolytically stable
monomers which remain stable in
acidic environment.( Phosphonic
acid ether acrylate- MA154. and
Bis- acrylamide V392).
The methacrylate based
monomers degrade by hydrolysis
in a matter of weeks to 20-85%
reducing the bond strengths.
Provide stable consistent long
term bond strengths.
These monomers eliminate the
need for refrigeration.www.indiandentalacademy.com
53. Type II 6 th Generation Bonding agent :One step/
Self etching adhesives/ All in one systems
Attempt to incorporate all the primary components
into a single container.
Incorporating all components and having it remain
stable is a significant challenge.
In reality, many of these are not all in- one systems
at all but require premixing of chemical components
(Prompt-L-Popb) or the use of chemically activating
pellets or brushes that come with the kit (Touch &
Bond, Brush & Bond).
DentinBondingSystems
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54. 6th
Generation Type II.
•Prompt L Pop( 3M)
•Touch and Bond ( Parkell)
•Brush and Bond( Parkell)
•Xeno III( Dentsply Caulk)
•One up Bond F( J Morita, Kuraray)
DentinBondingSystems
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55. Prompt L pop:
It has 3 compartments
Compartment 1: Containing methacrylated phosphoric
acid, esters photoinitiators, stabilizers.
Compartment 2: Contains water, complex fluoride and
stabilizers.
Compartment 3: Has a microbrush.
Mixing ratio is 4:1
Demineralized dentin is
then loaded with
prompt L pop
monomers which will
form hybrid layers.
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56. Brush and Bond
•Chemically impregnated
bristles which when come in
contact with the liquid triggers
a co catalytic action and
improves subsequent cure.
•Stops sensitivity.
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57. A A and B Mixed Polymerization completed
Features:
Single step application
Visual confirmation of
polymerization.
Low film thickness- 10
Microns
Stable adhesion in moist
or dry conditions.
Fluoride releasing
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58. Liquid A:
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA),
Purified Water, EthanolUrethane
dimethacrylate resin, Butylated hydroxy
toluene (BHT), Highly dispersed silicon
Dioxide
Liquid B:
Phosphoric acid modified
polymethacrylate resin, Mono fluoro
phosphazene
modified methacrylate resin, Urethane
dimethacrylate resin, Butylated hydroxy
toluene (BHT), Camphorquinone, Ethyl-4-
dimethylaminobenzoate
INDICATIONS
Single step self-etching adhesive for direct, light-cured
CONTRAINDICATIONS
1.History of severe allergic reactions to methacrylate
resins..
2. for direct or indirect pulp capping.
3. for use with self-cure or with dual cure composites
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59. Advantages of Sixth Generation Bonding agent:
No need to acid etch with phosphoric acid.
No post conditioning rinsing required.
Reduced post operative sensitivity
Simultaneous demineralization and resin infiltration.
Less sensitive to degree of wetness and dryness.
Single dose packaging possible. So less chance of cross
infection.
Possibility for particle filled adhesive.
Low technique sensitivity
DentinBondingSystems
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60. Disadvantages of sixth Generation Bonding Agents:
Less effective bonding of enamel:
Instrument enamel in some way.
Initial bond might deteriorate with aging, which could
lead to premature failures.
Bonding to Sclerotic and caries affected dentin might
be problematic
May inhibit set of self cure or dual cure resin materials.
Insufficient long term research.
DentinBondingSystems
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61. Time Saving?
Several applications may be suggested by the manufacturer.
Beware!
Self etch adhesives may inhibit the set of chemically cured or Dual
cured composites
DentinBondingSystems
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62. Seventh Generation Bonding systems:
They are truly all in one self etch adhesives
that require no mixing.
Eg:
I bond( Heraeus Kulzer).
G Bond( GC America).
DentinBondingSystems
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63. iBond( Heraeus Kulzer):
Single step no mix bonding
system
Five in one solution:
Etch
Disinfect
Desensitize
Prime and
Bond
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64. GC s G bond:
4 MET monomer :strong consistent bond to dentin
Phosphoric acid ester monomer : Consistent bond to enamel.
Nanointeraction technology
Non-conventional interface with the dentin – a “Nano Interaction
Zone” (NIZ) with minimal decalcification and almost no exposure
to collagen fibers.Ionic bond with hydroxyapatite of tooth
structure,
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66. Classification based on the number of clinical
application steps and how they interact with
tooth structure
Van Meerbeek and others 1998, 2000.
Classification based on adhesion strategies
Total etch adhesives:
3 step
2 step
Self etch adhesives:
2 step
1 step.
Resin modified glass ionomer adhesives
DentinBondingSystems
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67. Total etch concept.
Total etching is the simultaneous etching of enamel
and dentin.
Advocated by Fusayama in Japan.
3 step Total etch:
Conditioning
Priming
Application of adhesive resin
Fourth generation of dentin bonding agent
All bond 2( Bisco Dental)
Amalgam- bond( Parkell)
Clearfil Liner Bond( Kuraray)
Imperva Bond( Shofu Dental)
Optibond( Kerr)
Scotch bond multipurpose( 3M Dental)
DentinBondingSystems
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68. 2 Step total etch
Conditioning
Primer and adhesive
Fifth generation of dentin bonding agent.
Eg:
Gluma comfort bond( Kulzer)
Prime and bond NT
Prime and bond 2.1
Ph of the adhesive formulations:2.5-4.5
Separate acid etching step
DentinBondingSystems
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69. Etchant Primer Adhesive+ +
Etchant + Primer AdhesivePrimer
and
adhesive
3 step total etch
4 Th Generation
2 step
5 Th Generation
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70. Wet bonding/ Moist bonding:
Dr. John Kanca and Gwinnet in 1992.
The reason for collapse of collagen network:
Acid etched dentin shrinks 65% vol.
Stiffness of mineralized dentin is about 19,000MPa
Stiffness of acid etched dentin matrix is about 1Mpa.
The resulting layer of imperfect bonding is known as
Hybridoid region.
Residual water is left in the acid etched dentin, then bond
strength could be doubled. Kanca
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71. The primer solvent should be water or water miscible.
The primer monomer should be amphiphilic or hydrophilic
because they must compete with water and , in fact , diffuse
through water in the depths of demineralized zone.
Azeotrophism:
In acetone containg primers
the boiling point of acetone is raised
the boiling point of water is lowered( azeotrophism),
evaporation of both water and acetone and the resin is left
behind.
Dry Bonding:
refers to the bonding in which the acid etched dentin
is dry and uses the adhesive systems that provide
water based primers. These rehydrate and reexpand
the collagen fibers , allowing the resin to infiltrate.
DentinBondingSystems
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72. Advantages of total etch system:
Bonding to enamel is good.
There is possibility of particle filled adhesives.
Most efficient and consistent results.
Disadvantages:
Risk of overwetting and over drying
Overetching phenomenon leading to nanoleakage.
Weak monomer collagen interaction.
High degree of post operative sensitivity
Technique sensitivity, Requires post conditioning rinse.
DentinBondingSystems
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73. Over wetting phenomenon
Post operative sensitivity
because of lack of resin tag
formation.
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74. Acetone based products show a restricted window
of opportunity as compared to water based primers.
The biggest advantage of next two systems is that
their efficacy does not depend on the hydration of
dentin.
How wet or how dry?
Hence total etch products were known to be
technique sensitive.
DentinBondingSystems
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75. Overetching phenomenon: A condition
where in demineralization is too deep for
monomers to penetrate.
Nanoleakage:
Incomplete primer penetration into the zone
of demineralization is the significant cause of
nanoleakage which could ultimately lead to
failure of the adhesive interface
DentinBondingSystems
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76. Self etch adhesives:
Based on the use of non rinse acidic monomers that
simultaneously condition and prime dentin and enamel.
•Concentration of acidic monomers from 5-10% wt to 30-40% wt
•Acidic monomers were dissolved in 30-40% HEMA,
•Formulation that was both self etching and self priming
•pH low enough to etch through the smear layers to underlying
dentin.
•If the solution not well agitated: Smear layer incorporated into
the hybrid layer.
•If the solution is scrubbed onto the surface, the smear layer is
removed.
•Most importantly self etched and self primed surface is not
rinsed water
DentinBondingSystems
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77. Technique:
The surface is scrubbed for 20 sec and then gently
air dried .
The dried surface is then covered with a relatively
hydrophobic adhesive layer and then light cured.
Self etching primers can be used in deep cavities as
liners and bases when an intermediary resin
composite such as Clearfil Protect liner F is used.
DentinBondingSystems
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78. Etchant Primer Adhesive
Etchant Primer Adhesive
+ +
+ +
Self
etching
primer
All in one
adhesive
Sixth Generation
Two step SEP
Sixth Generation
Single step SEP
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79. Two step SEPs:
The first marketed modern self etching primer was Scotch
prep( Scotch bond 2)
Primer:2.5% maliec acid and 55% HEMA in water.
relatively short shelf life and the acidity of maliec acid
accelerated the breakdown of HEMA.
Clearfil liner bond 2:
The first contemporary self etching light cured product(1992)
Its acidic monomer copolymerized with other methacrylate
comonomers.
Clearfil liner bond 2V: Dual curing self etching primer.
Clearfil SE bond.( Kuraray)
AdheSE(Ivoclar Vivadent)
FL bond( Shofu)
Optibond solo plus self etch adhesive system( Kerr)
Nanobond( Pentron technologies
GC unifil bond( GC America).
DentinBondingSystems
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80. One step SEPs:
One step SEPs are “ All in one systems” which attempt to
incorporate all the primary components of adhesive system into
a single container
.
Eg:
Prompt L pop( 3M ESPE)
Touch and bond( Parkell)
Brush and Bond( Parkell)
One up Bond F( J Moritas)
Xeno iii( Dentsply , Caulk
DentinBondingSystems
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81. Advantages of single step SEPs
Fast and easy to use.
Disadvantages:
Marginal staining and debonding may occur in some
of the systems.May not bond durably to enamel.
May not be compatible with self cure and dual cure
composites.
Lack of polymerization.
Water trees phenomenon.
DentinBondingSystems
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82. Lack of polymerization
More acidic than SEP (ph<1)
etch more deeply
More hydrophilic.
Produce overtly thin film
Dentin
Light
curing
unit
Free radicals
Oxygen
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83. DentinBondingSystems
Acidic
Hydrophilic
Leaching of
unpolymerized
monomers
Water trees phenomenon
This phenomenon does not occur in self etching primers because
the etched and primed dentin is covered by a comparatively thick
hydrophobic resin layer
In such a case a resin modified glass ionomer is used before
placing composite restorations.www.indiandentalacademy.com
85. Advantages of self etching:
Their efficacy does not depend on the hydration of dentin. The
self etching primers are designed to be used on dry dentin.
They do not etch very far into the dentin beneath the smear
layers. This avoids the removal of smear plugs in the dentinal
tubules and
seems to be responsible for lack of post operative sensitivity
The shallow etch ensures good resin infilteration.
Even though the hybrid layer is thin, the dentin bond strengths
is comparatively high.
DentinBondingSystems
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87. DentinBondingSystems
Disadvantages of Self etch adhesives:
Less effective bonding of enamel:
Instrument enamel in some way.
Initial bond might deteriorate with aging, which could
lead to premature failures.
Bonding to Sclerotic and caries affected dentin might
be problematic
May inhibit set of self cure or dual cure resin materials.
Insufficient long term research.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
88. Depending on the ph ( after Van Meerbeck et al
2003)
Mild SEA( Ph2)
Intermediary strong( Ph of 1.5)
Strong SEA(Ph1)
pH appears to affect properties and behaviour of the material.
Mild SEAs:
Hybridization and intermolecular bonding.
Hybridisation: Hybrid layer is of submicron size and resin tag
formation is less
Intermolecular bonding: Hydroxyapatite acts as a receptor for
additional molecular interactions with specific carboxyl or
phosphate groups of monomers like 4 META and 10 MDP
DentinBondingSystems
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89. Intermediary adhesives( 1.5)
Are more acidic than “ mild” adhesives, so achieve
greater micromechanical interlocking at the enamel
surface, although the hybrid layer produced at the
dentin surface is thin, at around 1 micron.
Strong SEA(1 or less):
The mechanism of bonding is similar to total etch,
with the formation of hybrid layer and no chemical
reaction may take place, since the hydroxyapatite is
entirely removed.
DentinBondingSystems
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90. Adhesives pH
Strong ( 1 or less)
NRC( Dentsply)
Adperprompt
1
0.4
Intermediary( 1.5)
Xeno III( Dentsply)
AdheSE
primer( Vivadent)
Optibond Solo Plus SE
primer( Kerr)
I Bond
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
Mild( around 2)
Clearfil SE
Panavia ED primer
mixed( Kuraray)
1.9
2.6
22
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91. According to chemical composition( Craig)
Polyurethanes(1-6 Mpa)
Polyacrylic acids(2-4 Mpa)
Organic phosphonates
4 META (3-7 Mpa)
HEMA+GA(11-17 MPa)
Ferric oxalate+ NPG GM( 4-12.5 Mpa)
PMDM+2HEMA..
DentinBondingSystems
22
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92. On the basis of treatment of smear layer:
DentinBondingSystems
Smear layer Eg
Smear layer removed Tenure
Mirage Bond
Clearfil liner bond
Smear layer modified Scotch bond 2
All bond
Smear layer preserved Scotch bond dual cure
Prisma universal bond
22
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93. On the basis of shear bond strength( Eick et al)
5-7 Mpa:
Scotch bond dual cure
Gluma
8-14 Mpa
Tenure
Mirage bond
17-20 Mpa
Scotch bond 2
Scotch bond multipurpose
All bond
DentinBondingSystems
22
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94. According to their mode of curing:
Chemical cure:
Amalgabond plus
Light cure:
One bond
Gluma comfort bond
Dual cure:
Clearfil liner bond 2V
Prime and Bond NT dual cure.
DentinBondingSystems
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95. Mechanism of dentin bonding:
Dentin smear layer produced removed by etch and rinse
phase.
3-5 micrometer deep demineralization of dentin.
Collagen mesh work uncovered from hydroxyapatite to form a
microretentive network for monomers.
DentinBondingSystems
M R X
Hydrophobic Spacer Hydrophilic
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96. Nakabayashi, Kojima and Manihara 1982
Hybrid layer, Resin reinforced
zone, or resin infiltrated layer
Hybrid layer is the hydrophilic resin infiltrated
surface layer of collagen fibers in demineralized
dentin.
Concurrent with hybridization, the resin tags seal the
unplugged dentinal tubules and offer additional
retention through hybridization of tubule orifices.
DentinBondingSystems
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97. Shag carpet appearance
Appears when dentin
surface after being acid
etched is actively
scrubbed with an acidic
primer solution.
Mechanism of action:
The combined mechanical
and chemical action of
rubbing the acid etched
dentin with an acidic
primer dissolves
additional mineral salts
while fluffing and
separating the entangled
collagen at the surface.
DentinBondingSystems
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98. Tubule wall hybridization:
Extension of the hybrid layer
into tubule wall area.
Hermetically sealing the
pulpodentinal complex
against microleakage
Especially protective when
bond fails at top or bottom of
the hybrid layer
The resin tags keep tubules
sealed as they break off at
the level of hybrid layer. This
is attributed to tubule wall
hybridization which ensures
a leakage free seal of
tubules.
DentinBondingSystems
Intertubular
dentin
Resin
tag
Hybrid
layer
Adhesive
resin
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99. Lateral tubule
hybridization :
Formation of tiny
hybrid layer into the
walls of lateral
tubule branches.
This microversion of
hybrid layer typically
surrounds a central
core of resin called
microresin tag.
DentinBondingSystems
Micro resin tag
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101. Ghost hybrid layer:
Formed due to incorporation of air bubbles at the substrate
adhesive interface.
Reverse Hybrid layer: Hybrid layer is surrounded by more
inorganic material.
DentinBondingSystems
Dentinal tubule
Collagen
Hydroxyapatite
NaOCL Self etching
primer
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102. Elastic Bonding concept:
The resin layer on the top of the hybrid layer when it
reaches an optimal thickness due to high elasticity
may act as a stress relaxation buffer.
Absorbs by elastic elongation the stresses caused
by polymerization contraction of the resin.
DentinBondingSystems
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103. Composition of dentin bonding agents
Etchants
Primers
Adhesives
Initiators and accelerators
Fillers
Other ingredients.
DentinBondingSystems
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104. Etchant or a conditioner:
Definition:
Alteration of dentin surface including smear layer with
the objective of producing a substrate capable of
micromechanical and possibly chemical bonding to
dental adhesives
Physical changes after conditioning:
Removal or modification of smear layer.
Opening of dentinal tubule orifices
Chemical changes after conditioning:
Modifications in organic matter
Decalcification of inorganic portion
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105. Conditioning of the dentin
Chemicals
Acids
Calcium chelators
Thermal:
Lasers
Mechanical:
Abrasion
DentinBondingSystems
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106. The various acid etchants used are:
Organic
Maliec acid
Tartaric acid
Citric acid
EDTA
Acidic monomers
Polymeric
Polyacrylic acid
Mineral acids
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Conditioners
Free flowing/ gel etchants
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107. Calcium chelators:
Remove smear layer without decalcification or significant
physical changes in the underlying dentin substrate.
No funnel shaped changes are seen.
EDTA
pH of 7.4
Tublicid
0.1% EDTA
0.15% Benzalkonium chloride
Scrubbed on the surface for a few seconds,
then left passively for another 60 seconds followed by
additional scrubbing.
Smear layer removal, smear plug intact
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108. Lasers:
Nd: YAG lasers used at 10-30 pulses per second.
The lased surface is desensitized by occlusion of
open and permeable dentinal tubules.
Air abrasion:
Aluminium oxide particles are used for air abrasion of
a particle size of 0.5 Microns.
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109. Primers
Surface tension less than the surface free energy of the acid
etched dentin.
Amphiphilic bifunctional molecules.
Monomers used are
HEMA
NPG-GMA
PMDM
BPDM
PENTA
Acidic primers containing carboxylic acid groups are used in
self etching bonding agents.
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110. The solvents used in primers
Acetone
Ethanol/ water
Primarily water.
In some primers solvent levels can be as high as 90%.
A few fourth and fifth generation bonding agents are solvent
free.
Acetone – H2O
Eg: Tenure- quick
Acetone- ethanol
Eg: All bond 2 ( Bisco)
Ethanol- water
Eg: Gluma comfort bond
Scotchbond
DentinBondingSystems
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111. DentinBondingSystems
Solvent Advantage Disadvantages Eg
Acetone Excellent
water
chaser,
Dries
quickly
Evaporates quickly after
being dispensed.
Can evaporate from the
container.
Sensitive to wetness of
dentin( risk of over drying.
Multiple coats may be
required.
Offensive odour.
Volatile, bond strength
may be significantly
reduced.
One
step( Bisco)
Prime and
Bond
NT( Dentsp
ly)
Gluma one
bond.
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112. DentinBondingSystems
Ethanol/
water
Evaporates less
quickly, less
sensitive to
wetness of dentin.
Good surface
energy and good
penetration.
Extra drying
time.
Excite( Viv
adent)
Optibond
solo
plus( Kerr)
Water Slow evaporation,
not sensitive to
wetness of dentin.
Have capacity to
raise collapsed
fibers.(9%-50%)
Long drying
time. Water
can interfere
with adhesive
if not removed
Amalgabon
d
plus( Parke
ll)
Prompt l
pop
Scotch
bond
multipurpos
eSolvent No drying, single Higher filmwww.indiandentalacademy.com
113. Adhesives
Hydrophobic, dimethacrylate oligomers
Diluted with lower molecular weight monomers.
Commonly used are:
Bis GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA, Methacrylated phosphates,
PENTA.
Minimal thickness of 100 Micrometers
Applied using brush.
Act as a stress relaxation buffer to relieve polymerization
contraction stresses.
May contain fillers.( Optibond solo, Prime and bond NT)
DentinBondingSystems
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114. Initiators and Accelerators:
Light cured: camphoroquinone and an organic
amine.
Dual cured bonding agents :catalyst to promote self
curing.
Fillers:
Most unfilled
inorganic fillers 0. 5% to 40% by wt.
microfillers, or nanofillers, and submicron glass.
Do not scatter light. Provide radioopacity
The filled bonding agents tend to produce higher in
vitro bond strength.
DentinBondingSystems
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115. Functions of nanofillers:
1. Prevents nanoleakage.
2. Causes uniform thickness of adhesive layer
3. Better flexibility to adhesives
4. Better dissipation of forces
5. Scatter of light is prevented.
Other ingredients:
Flourides
Antimicrobial ingredients
Glutaraldehyde as a desensitizer.
DentinBondingSystems
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116. Problem Solution
Dentin surface too dry
Use moist cotton pellet to
rehydrate surface
Dentin surface too wet Gently air dry to achieve
glistening surface
Contamination with saliva and
blood
Rinse, re etch if contamination is
moderate or greater
Contamination with caries
detector, handpiece lubricant or
hemostatic agent
Rinse and reetch
Contamination by eugenol Avoid eugenol containing
provisional materials and
temporary cements.
Remaining caries affected dentin Remove caries
Bond strength:15-35 Mpa
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117. Surface does not glisten after
application of primer
Apply additional coats of
primer
Self cured composite debonds
form adhesive
Use dual cure bonding agent
with self cured composite or
resin cement
Bonding agent under cured Cure recommended time with
properly maintained light
curing unit, be sure the
bonding agent is compabtible
with light curing unit.
Recent bleaching procedure Wait one week after bleaching.
Flourosed teeth Double the etching time
Smooth single surface lesions
lack of bonding
Create surface roughness and
mechanical undercuts
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118. Clinical properties
The success of a bonding agent is evaluated
indirectly, for
Post operative sensitivity
Interfacial staining
Secondary caries
Retention or fracture from insertion to 18
months.
These clinical trials test short term retention and
initial seating.
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119. .
Biological properties
Typically skin irritants.
HEMA is not considered biocompatible as a monomer.
local and systemic reactions.
Wearing gloves
Immediately replacing contaminated gloves
Using high volume evacuation
Keeping all bottles tightly closed.
Disposing of materials in such a way that the
monomers cannot evaporate into office air.
Even with double gloves, contact with these aggressive solvents
and monomers will produce actual skin contact in a few
minutes.
Follow all reasonable precautions, and if unwanted contact
occurs, immediately flush the affected areas with copious
amounts of water and soap. Once the material is
polymerized, there is very little risk of side effects.
DentinBondingSystems
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120. “Have our concentration on “bond” and “
microleakage” and the endless publications on
these subjects gone too far? How much bonding is
enough bonding, and when is bonding not important
at all? Is microleakage reduction effected by
bonding agents really so vital clinically?”
Bonding to dentin and enamel
Where does it stand in 2005?
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