Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Bioceramics are materials which include Alumina, Zirconia, Bioactive glass, Glass ceramics, Hydroxyapatite, resorbable Calcium phosphates.
Used in dentistry for
Filling up bony defects
Root repair materials
Apical fill materials
Aids in regeneration etc.
Bioinert: non-interactive with biological systems (Alumina, zirconia)
Bioactive: durable tissues that can undergo interfacial interactions with surrounding tissue (bioactive glasses, bioactive glass ceramics, hydroxyapatite, calcium silicates)
Biodegradable: soluble or resorbable, eventually replaced or incorporated into tissue (Tricalcium phosphate, Bioactive glasses).
Bioceramics are materials which include Alumina, Zirconia, Bioactive glass, Glass ceramics, Hydroxyapatite, resorbable Calcium phosphates.
Used in dentistry for
Filling up bony defects
Root repair materials
Apical fill materials
Aids in regeneration etc.
Bioinert: non-interactive with biological systems (Alumina, zirconia)
Bioactive: durable tissues that can undergo interfacial interactions with surrounding tissue (bioactive glasses, bioactive glass ceramics, hydroxyapatite, calcium silicates)
Biodegradable: soluble or resorbable, eventually replaced or incorporated into tissue (Tricalcium phosphate, Bioactive glasses).
Interocclusal records and mounting of casts on articulator/prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tissue management, custom tray and impression makingKhalid Ibrahim
Requirements of dental Impressions
Prerequisites of dental impressions
tissue health
moisture control
displacement of tissues
retraction cord, displacement cord
single viscosity impression
putty wash technique of condensation silicone
automixing addition silicone
Recent advances in obturation techniques/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Interocclusal records and mounting of casts on articulator/prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tissue management, custom tray and impression makingKhalid Ibrahim
Requirements of dental Impressions
Prerequisites of dental impressions
tissue health
moisture control
displacement of tissues
retraction cord, displacement cord
single viscosity impression
putty wash technique of condensation silicone
automixing addition silicone
Recent advances in obturation techniques/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Advances in obturation system in endodontics /certified fixed orthodontic co...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Resin adhesives in endodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Root canal sealers /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
management of non vital open apex roots/ orthodontic course by indian dental...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Endodontic sealers a summary and a quick review Rami Al-Saedi
a slideshow presentation lectured and presented in Al-Sadr Specialized dental center in the continuing dental learning weekly lectures.
Rusafa medical institute- Baghdad- Iraq
lecturer: Dr. Rami Ahmed Jumaah (BDS)
Supervisor: Dr. Iman J. Ahmed (BDS: MSc)
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
smear layer /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
In the last decade or so dentistry has undergone a complete image makeover with dentists no longer being associated only with pain relief or disease management only. Today more and more patients seek dental treatment for restoring or even enhancing the smile. Pediatric dentistry with its unique challenge of managing little children has had overcome the traditional mindset of parents that deciduous teeth are temporary and they do not warrant treatment.
Greater awareness towards oral health as well as an understanding by the parents that decay in their child’s front teeth may rob the child of his/her smile has ensured that pediatric dentistry has jumped onto the “aesthetic bandwagon.”
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Bonding agents and its application in prosthodontics / dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Porcelain laminates /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
this presenation includes definition, history, various components of smear layer, importance of smear layer, whether to remove it while doing root canal and restoration or not?
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Resin based obturation / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
1. Resin
Based
Obturation
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in Continuing Dental Education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. INTRODUCTION
Evolution of Specialty of endodontics over the years
Endodontic Triad
TRADITIONALLY
DEBRIDEMENT
SUCCESS
IN
R.C.T
STERILIZATION OBTURATION
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. CURRENT ENDODONTIC TRIAD
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT PLANNING
SUCCESS
IN
R.C.T
ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGY TRADITIONAL CONCEPTS
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. Final step in endodontic treatment – OBTURATION
Main objective – substitution of pulp tissue space with an inert
filling material
Pulp remnants, necrotic tissue, bacteria and its byproducts –
Inaccessible areas of cleaned and shaped canal – poor defense of
Host – Lesion
OBTURATION – Must to prevent coronal leakage, bacterial
Contamination, sealing of bacteria from p.a tissue
fluids and sealing remaining irritnats in canals.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. Study by Ingle and Beveridge (1985) :
58% Endodontic failures – INCOMPLETE OBTURATION
Principal cause of failure of endodontic treatment
Since Ingle’s classic study – Great emphasis given on
developing materials and
www.indiandentalacademy.com obturation
techniques for
6. Materials used for obturation
Core + Sealer = Obturation
Acc to Grossman:
1. Plastics
2. Solids
3. Cements
4. Pastes
Requirements of an ideal root canal filling material:
1) Be easily introduced in canal
2) Seal the canal laterally and apically
3) Shouldn’t shrink after insertion
4) Impervious to moisture
5) Bacteriostatic
6) Radiopaque www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. 7) Shouldn’t stain the tooth
8) Shouldn’t irritate periradicular tissue
9) Should be sterile or easily/quickly sterilized
10) Easy removal if necessary
Sealers :
• Zinc oxide-Eugenol based
• Calcium hydroxide based
• Resin
• Glass ionomer based
Ideal requisites of a root canal sealer (Grossman):
1) Should be tacky – for good adhesion
2) Hermetic seal
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. 3) Radiopaque
4) Fine particles - easy mixing with liquid
5) Shouldn’t shrink
6) Shouldn’t stain the tooth
7) Bacteriostatic
8) Set slowly
9) Insoluble in tissue fluids
10) Non irritating to periradicular tissues
11) Soluble in common solvent – easy removal
12) Should not provoke an immune response
13) Neither mutagenic/carcinogenic
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. Most common solid core root canal filling material – Gutta Percha
Gold standard for endodontic obturation !!!
resently – Gutta percha filling – Weak point in R.C.T
Torabinejad et al – G.P fillings challenged by bacteria
50% specimen allowed penetration to
entire length
Drawbacks of Gutta Percha:
. Inability to achieve a fluid impervious seal
. Inability to reinforce tooth structure
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. - Material that would effectively seal and reinforce the tooth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. Evolution of Adhesive endodontics
Lack of adhesion of gutta percha and root dentin –Flared canals
Coronal microleakage with G.P fillings (Swanson and Madison, 1987)
Coronal microleakage with temporary filling materials
High incidence of vertical fractures
Quest – a new material
Resin sealers e.g. AH26, Epiphany etc with G.P
RESILON – MONOBLOCK CONCEPT
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. Bonding to root dentin
Entry of adhesive endodontics – Promising
Contributing factors in root dentin bonding:
a) Anatomy of roots
b) Tooth position
c) Presence of residual tissues
d) Curing techniques
e) Experience and skill of operator
f) Tubular density, microbranching and tubular
arrangement
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. Ferrari and Mjor (2000) – SEM insight of normal and etched
root dentin
NORMAL
Coronal 3rd Middle 3rd Apical 3rd
ETCHED
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. mportant considerations:
) The dentin tubule- structure, size and number-
affect bonding (Patrick etal)
) Effects of etching more pronounced in coronal
than in apical 3rd – Limitation of penetration of
etchant (Ferrari)
) Carrying of adhesives to the apical 3 rd – A
limiting factor
) Ferrari et al – Resin dentin interdiffusion zone
not uniform at the apical 3rd
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. 5) Interaction of intracanal medicaments and irrigants
with the adhesives:
a) Calcium hydroxide – Neutralize the action of
self etching primer, interfere with bonds in
more coronal parts when present in excess
b) NaOcl/ H2O2 – Decrease bond strengths
(Erdemir)
6) Difficulty in drying the canal - Self etch adhesives
preferred
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. Geometric factors affecting bonding in root canals
Polymerization of resins
Decrease in volume of monomer
Shrinkage
Shrinkage stresses
Debonding
MICROLEAKAGE
FAILURE
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. Stress relief α Cavity geometry and Resin film thickness
Class I cavity – Movement/flow of unbounded surface
Stress relief
In long narrow root canals – Small unbounded surface
Insufficient stress relief
Debonding of one/more surface
Configuration factor = Total bonded area
Total unbonded area
C-factor α 1 (Franklin Tay et al)
Sealer thickness
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. i.e. Greater sealer = Lesser C-factor
Franklin’s study – C-factor of 46-23461 with increasing sealer
thickness (500 - 1µ)
Lesser the sealer thickness
Lesser the Shrinkage
Lesser Polymerization stresses
Lesser chance of DEBONDING
Very high C-factor in root canals – Major obstacle in
producing gap free adhesive fillings
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. Shrinkage stresses - Higher in low filled, low viscosity resins
Slow polymerizing resin
Flow of resin
Relief of shrinkage stresses due to prolonged gelation time
(Autopolymerizes in 45 min)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. DIAKET
1ST Resin sealer ( ESPE/Premier, Germany/USA) - 1951
Resin reinforced chelate formed between ZnOand polyvinyl
resin dissolved in liquid Diketone
Composition:
Powder – ZnO (90%), Bismuth Phosphate (3%)
Liquid – Propylacetophenone (76%)
Copolymers of vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and vinyl
isobutyl ether (23%)
2-2 dihydroxy, 5-5 dichlorophenylmethane (0.5%)
Triethanolamine (0.2%)
Very tacky, Contracts during setting but absorbs water
Good sealing efficiency and biocompatible (Nencka, Regan et al)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. HYDRON
Rapid setting hydrophillic plastic material
Goldman et al - is polymer of HEMA and is
biocompatible
Sets in a dry canal in 10 min
Requires special syringe and needle
Significantly high leakage
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. AH26
Schroder and Hermann Stich – Tried “Araldite” (Epoxy resin glue)
Catalyst unsuitable for use
Tried Hexamethylene tetramine - disinfectant in urology
SUCCESS – AH26
Story behind the name – A- Aethoxyline resin (Araldite)
H- Hexamethylene tetramine
26- 26th Jackpot experiment
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. Manufactured by DeTrey/Dentsply, Germany, supplied as powder
liquid system
Composition:
Powder – Silver powder (10%)
Hexamethylene tetramine (25%)
Bismuth oxide (60%)
Titanium Oxide (5%)
Liquid - 100% bisphenol-A epoxy
Advantages: Not sensitive to moisture
No Cracking/debonding – larger setting time and
fluidity
High Radiopacity, less shrinkage and low solubility
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. isadvantages:
Cytotoxixity – AH26 sets HMT decomposes in water/acid
FORMALDEHYDE
Film Thickness - 39µ - Thick – Limits the shrinkage stress relief
(Wu et al, 1997)
Michael Tagger (2003) - AH26 softened and increased the flow of
of G.P.
bisphenol – A epoxy – Partial solvent
Greyish Staining the tooth structure
Weiner and schilder (1971) and DeGee et al (1994) – Initial expansion
then shrinkage
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. AH Plus
Another milestone in endodontics by Dentsply DeTrey
Advantages of AH26 retained and the disadvantages
eliminated
Composition:
Supplied as paste-paste system and double barrel
syringe
Epoxide paste Amine paste
Bisphenol-A and F epoxy resin Dibenzyldiamine
Calcium tungstate Aminoadamantane
Zirconium oxide Tricycodecane- diamine
Silica Silica, Zirconium oxide and Ca tungstate
Iron oxide pigments Silicone oil
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Difference in composition of AH26 and AH Plus –
Silicone oil as a vehicle as compared to formaldehyde
Silicone oil – Hinders flow
Setting reaction of AH Plus:
Thermal polyaddition reaction – A step growth reaction
Monomers, Amines & Diepoxides + Oligomers = Polymers
Linear chain of repeating polymer units
Setting time – 8 Hrs – long – Compensation for shrinkage stresses
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. Properties of AH26, AHPlus and Diaket
Radiopacity: AH Plus = 13.6/mm Al thickness
AH 26 = 9.3
Diaket = 4.6
Epiphany = 6.1
Solubility: Acc to ISO standards 6876, wt loss >3% not permitted
AH Plus = Approx 1%
AH 26 = Approx 3%
Diaket = Approx 2%
Polymerization shrinkage: AH Plus = 1.76% of total volume
AH 26 = 1.46
Diaket = 1.18
Epiphany = 2.31
Linear expansion: AH Plus = 0.129±0.08
Epiphany = 4.827±0.183
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. Film Thickness: Acc to ISO standards – 50 mm Ideal
AH Plus = 26mm
AH 26 = 26-36mm
Flow Behaviour: Acc to ISO standards- > 25mm
AH Plus = 36mm (Thixotropic )
Shear bond strength: Ayce (2005) compared AH Plus, Diaket and
EndoRez.
Diaket and EndoRez = 1.2 Mpa approx
AH Plus = 6 Mpa
Sealing Properties: O Zemner (1997) Compared AH 26 and AH Plus
AH Plus - More leakage owing to its faster set
that can lead to shrinkage stress
Min-Kai Wu- Ketac endo better than AH26 due
towww.indiandentalacademy.com
greater thickness of AH26
32. Lasers and sealing ability:
Lasers – µ-scopically rough substrate without demineralization
open dentinal tubules without smear layer
Dentin surface sterilization
Er – YAG laser – Better bond strengths than acid etching
DISADVANTAGE – Heat production
Cox et al – Nd:YAG laser produces – Melted dentin
Crazing
Debris formation
Alteration in tubule structure
Ariyaratnam et al – Similar findings
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. Toxicological studies of AH Plus sealer
Tests done on both the individual pastes (uncured) and
Polymerized in acc to ISO(10993)
INDIVIDUAL PASTES:
Mutagenicity: Non mutagenic
Systemic toxicity: Non toxic
Cytotoxicity: non polymerized pastes – cytotoxic
Bactericidal property
Time limited – remains till 4 hrs
Saleh et al – AH Plus kills E. Faecalis in tubules
Antimicrobial effects: Kaplan et al – AH Plus showed inhibtion
of S.Mutans and A.Israeli
Formaldehyde release: Leonardo M R(1999), Cohen(1998):
AH Plus (3.9 ppm) and AH26 (1347 ppm)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. Polymerized material:
Mutagenicity: Non mutagenic
Cytotoxicity: Less than individual components
Leonardo M R – No inflammation and Hard
tissue formation
Koulaouzidou E A – AH Plus far less toxic than AH26
Hepatotoxicity: If material released in periradicular area and
absorbed into body – act on liver
AH26 and AH Plus - Hepatotoxic
Sensitization: AH Plus – doesn’t release sensitizing substances
Antibacterial action: Pizzo et al – Ah plus antibacterial action
till 24 hrs
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. Heating of AH26 and AH Plus:
Heat produced during warm vertical condensation – Alter the
Cytotoxic profiles
Theodore – Heating of AH26 – Faster release of formaldehyde
Removal of AH26 and AH Plus from canals:
Conventional techniques – Solvents and drills
Schafer et al – Epoxy resin sealers – high solubility in chlorofrom
Hansen – AH26 soluble only in chloroform and not in xylene etc.
Whitworth – AH Plus soluble in halothane
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. ENDORESIN
Studies Reported – excellent sealing ability of C&B Metabond, a
MMA/TBB resin
Drawbacks as root filling material – Too short working time
Low radiopacity
Difficult removal
Yohji Imai&Takashi – Replaced
Fluoropolymer and added radiopacifier
Endoresin (ISO Standards)
Endoresin2
(Decreased availability of fluoropolymer)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. Composition:
Powder: PMMA (Polymethymethacrylate) – Polymer
Barium Sulphate – Radiopacifier
Liquid: MMA (Methylmethacrylate) – Monomer
Tributylborane – Catalyst
Properties:
Flow – 38 mm
Working time – 5.5 min
Setting time – 35.5 min
Film Thickness – 5.6 µ
Solubility – 0.18%
Radiopacity – 5.2 mm Al.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. RESILON
Revolutionalized the adhesive endodontics
Sequence of events: G.P + Sealer
Poor sealing and lack of adhesion to dentin
Epoxy Resin Sealers + G.P
No Bonding/Monoblock
Methacrylate resin sealers + G.P
Methacrylate resin coated G.P
RESILON
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. Resilon Obturating System (Resilon research ltd, LLC)
Core + Primer + Sealer
Core Material:
Thermoplastic, synthetic polymer based( Polyester) Core
Composition:
Polycaprolactone – 50%
Methacrylate co-polymers – 10%
Glass fillers – 40% - Bioactive glass
Others – Bismuth oxychloride
Resilon points – Available in ISO sizes in 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 tapers
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41. roperties of Resilon:
Thermoplasticity :
Due to presence of polycaprolactone which has low glass
transition temperature (-62ºC)
Polymer – Cooled below glass transition temp – Brittle like glass
Heated above - Soft and flexible like elastomer
At room temp – Resilon is above glass transition temp – Rubbery
At body temp - Below glass transition temp – Glassy
Thermal properties – Marcus R Miner, 2006
Melting point – GP – 60.01ºC, Resilon – 60.57ºC
Claimed by manufacturer – 70-80ºC
Specific heat capacity – Heat that must be added to raise temp
of 1 gm of material by 1ºC
G.P – 0.94ºC, Resilon – 1.15ºC – More heat required to melt
resilon
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. ) Enthalpy change – Amt of heat absorbed or released when
reaction takes place
G.P – 10.88 J/gm, Resilon – 25.2 J/gm
NFERENCE – Resilon requires more heat to equally plasticize as
G.P
) Cytotoxicity – Jennifer key, 2006
Same biocompatibility as G.P
) Resilon for root reinforcement:
A myth or reality
Chad williams et al (2006) –
Modulus of elasticity of dentin – 16000 Mpa
Material to reinforce dentin Should have the same elasticity
Modulus of elasticity – G.P – 74.22 Mpa, Resilon – 129.16
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. Cohesive strength of dentin – 36-100 Mpa
Cohesive strength – G.P- 6.3 Mpa, Resilon – 7.8 Mpa
Resilon has glass transition temperature below body
temperature:
Acts as an elastomer - undergo flow or elongate under
stress
Ideal material to reinforce roots:
1. Cohesive strength and modulus of elasticity = Dentin
2. Polymer with glass transition tmperature above body
temperature
Composite resins – Satisfy the criteria to some extent ,
Modulus of elasticity = 12000 Mpa
www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. 5) Bondability of resilon with methacrylate sealers:
Resilon – Introduced to bond with methacrylate selaers and
produce a Monoblock with the tooth
Franklin Tay et al (2006):
Weak chemical union between resilon and methacrylate sealer
Cause – Phase separation due to insufficient dimethacrylate in
resilon and absence of free radicals within resilon for coupling
Alternative – G.P coated with polybutadiene diisocyanate
methacrylate resin
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. 6) Removal for retreatment:
Heat or solvents like chloroform etc
Daniel pinto ( 2006) – Resilon and epiphany - easy and faster to
remove than G.P and AH26 with rotary K3
files and chloroform
Elie Ezzie (2006) – similar findings with rotary (Profiles) and
chloroform
Reason – Resilon has low melting poin than G.P. When heated
it exhibits flowability – Quicker removal
www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. 7) Degradability:
Polycaprolactone – Degradeable polymer
Used as biodegradeable water or milk container,
resorbable sutures
Degrades slowly in water but the rate can be accelarated with
enzymes e.g. esterases as it is a polyester
Hydrolases e.g. lipases from bacteria, fungi and yeast – van also
cleave the ester bonds
Franklin and Pashley – Alkaline hydrolyses – Fissures seen on
surface of resilon – susceptible to alkaline hydorlysis
www.indiandentalacademy.com
47. Enzymatic hydrolysis – surface erosion
Alkaline hydrolysis – bulk degradation
Another study by Franklin –
Cholestrol esterase – thinning of material and exposing of larger
bioactive glass fillers
From above data :
Microbial attack Bacterial enzymes Resilon degrade
At present – Susceptibility of resilon to degradation to plethora of
microrganisms in root canal space – UNKNOWN
Further studies and long term clinical data
required
www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. Resilon sealer:
A dual cured methacrylate resin based sealer
Composition:
BISGMA, Ethoxylated BISGMA, UDMA and
Hydrophillic, difunctional methacrylates
Fillers (70%) – Ca hydroxide, barium sulfate, barium
glass, bismuth oxychloride and silica
Thinning resin – EBPADMA – To modify the viscosity
Resilon research limited (Madison, LLC) – Licensed the product to
Pentron (Epiphany), Sybron Endo (Realseal), Obtura Spartan
( pellets for obtura system) and Light speed ( Simplifill)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
49. roperties of resilon sealer:
) Radiopacity – Epiphany – 6.1/ m of al
AH PLUS – 13.6
) Solubility – Acc to ADA specification 57 – not more than 3%
Epiphany – 3.41%
AH Plus – 0.21%
Reason – erosion of filler particles due to degradation
) Flow test – Acc to ADA – Not less than 20 mm
Epiphany – 35.74 mm
AH Plus – 38.57 mm
) Setting time – Acc to ADA – should be within 10 % of that stated
by manufacturer
Acc to manufacturer – Epiphany – 25 min, AH Plus –480 min
Acc to studies – Epiphany – 24.75 min, AH Plus – 500 min
www.indiandentalacademy.com
50. 5) Film thickness – Acc to ADA - not more than 50µ
Epiphany – 20.1µ
AH Plus – 10.6
6) Dimensional alterations – Acc to ADA – linear shrinkage of not
more than 1% and expansion of 0.1%
Expansion – Epiphany – 8.1%, AH Plus – 1.3%
Reason – Water sorption due to:
a) Hydrophillic difunctional methacrylates – Absorb water
b) Filler content – Ca hydroxide – Absorb water
7) Sealing ability:
Epiphany resistant to bacterial penetration – Shipper et al (2004),
Teixeira et al(2004)
Ryan Stratton et al - Epiphany and resilon leak less than G.P and
AH Plus
Stephen G. Biggs – Comparable leakage to G.P and AH Plus
Tay et al - Similar results
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51. 8) Effect of intracanal medicaments and irrigants:
Porkaew et al, Wuerch et al - Ca hydroxide did not adversely
affect the apical seal
Kim et al – Ca hydroxide increased the apical leakage
Reason – EDTA used forms complexes with Ca
Ryan Stratton et al – Irrigants like 5.25% Sod Hypo, 0.12% CHX,
or 2% CHX – did not alter sealing ability
9) Biocompatibility:
Cassio et al(2006) – Intraosseous implantation –AH Plus = Severe
inflammation, EndoRez = Severe inflammation
with chronic inflammation,Epiphany = None
to slight
Jennifer key – Epiphany more cytotoxic than Grossman, Sealapex
and Thermaseal
www.indiandentalacademy.com
54. Endo eze system
Consists of:
• A Reciprocating handpiece
• 7 Stainless steel files (3 shaping files used in hand piece
and 4 hand files for apical 3 mm)
3) Irrigants and Lubricants
4) Delivery tips
5) EndoRez Sealer and EndoRez points
www.indiandentalacademy.com
55. EndoRez Sealer: (Ultradent)
Methacrlylate based resin sealer consists of 30% UDMA
Biocompatible
Hydrophilic – Excellent penetration in dentinal tubules
Supplied as a TwoSpense 2 syringe (Double barrel):
www.indiandentalacademy.com
56. Good radiopacity Equivalent to G.P and easy to remove
Introduced directly in canal with a NavitipTM
Can be used with conventional as well as hot G.P techniques
Setting time – 15-20 min, final set -2 hrs.
Disadvantages:
Poor Sealing ability (Brian et al):
After 7 days the sealer had not set, was seen bubbling
out
Oxygen in atmosphere could have prevented the
setting
SEM images- Sponge like appearance which allowed
leakage www.indiandentalacademy.com
57. EndoRez Points
Techniques:
Resilon Points
Resin coated G.P:
Can be used with any sealer
Franklin et al – Radiographically acceptable results
Drawback – Resin coating and sealer interface weak link –
Shrinkage and Delamination
Cause -Absence of oxygen inhibited layer, removed to
prevent sticking of G.P during storage
lternative – Adhesive resin application on resin coated G.P
before insertion (Noriko Hiraishi, 2006)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
59. FIBERFILL SYSTEM
Methacrylate Sealer + Primer + Mater cone
Sealer – UDMA, PEGMDA, HDDMA and BISGMA, Treated
bariumborosilicate glasses, Barium sulfate, Ca phosphate,
Initiators, Stabilizers, Pigments, Benzoyl peroxide
Primer:
Primer A – Acetone + Surface active monomer (NTG-GMA magnesium)
Primer B - Acetone + PMGDMA + HEMA + Initiator + Stabilizer +
water
www.indiandentalacademy.com
60. Single master cone – Glass fibers in resin matrix coronally – POST
G.P apically – OBTURATION
Sizes – 3 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm apical G.P
Tapers – 0.02, 0.04, 0.06
Methacrylate sealer – sealer + post cementation
www.indiandentalacademy.com
61. Advantages:
Obturation and post placement – same visit
80 % root strengthening
Immediate coronal seal
Highly radiopaque sealer
Christos et al – Highest bond strength of fiberfill as
compared to Endion, Topseal and CRCS.
Saleh et al – Bond strength of fiberfill less than AH Plus
Nikolas Economides – Good sealing ability
www.indiandentalacademy.com
62. Introduction of resins into root canal has created a
revolution in endodontics. But still known is a drop and
unknown is an ocean.
Further studies and long term clinical data is required
before judging the credibility these adhesive root fillings.
www.indiandentalacademy.com