This document discusses various sources of vital statistics in India, including population censuses conducted every 10 years since 1881, the civil registration system for recording births and deaths, the sample registration system providing annual estimates of birth and death rates, national sample surveys conducted by NSSO on topics like household expenditure, and various health surveys like the National Family Health Survey and District Level Household Survey providing data on maternal and child health, reproductive health, and family planning. It provides details on the objectives, coverage and administration of these different systems and surveys.

1. VITAL STATISTICS IN
INDIA
P.Prabhu

2. SOURCE OF VITAL STATISTICS IN
INDIA
• Population Census
• Civil Registration System
• Sample Registration System (SRS)
• Demographic Sample Surveys such as those conducted by the
National Sample Surveys Organization(NSSO)
• Health Surveys

3. Population Census
• Earliest literature 'Rig-Veda' reveals that some kind of
population count was maintained in during 600-800 BC in
India.
• Systematic and modern population census, in its present form
was conducted between 1865 and 1872 in different parts of
the country.
• First census in India was held in 1881, Since then, censuses
have been undertaken uninterruptedly once every ten year.
• Census of India 2011 was the 15th census in the continuous
series as reckoned from1872.

4. Population Census
• The task of census taking was completed in two phases.
• First phase, known as House –listing
• Second phase, known as Population Enumeration
• The Indian Census is one of the largest administrative
exercises undertaken in the world.
• Web link http://www.censusindia.gov.in

5. Civil Registration System
• Civil Registration System popularly known as birth and death
registration system is the recording of vital events i.e. live births,
still births and deaths.
• Registration records are useful primarily as legal documents and
secondarily as a source of statistics.
• In India, the system of civil registration has been in operation for
more than a century.
• Present registration of births and deaths is being done under
Act,1969.
Data on CRS
• On the basis of returns/reports received from States, annual report
on Vital Statistics of India based on CRS are being released.
• Web link http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/CRS.html

6. Sample Registration System (SRS)
• Initiated in 1969-70 for want of complete
registration from CRS.
• Provide reliable annual estimates of birth, death and infant mortality
rates at the State and National levels separately for rural and urban
areas.
• Also provides Child Mortality Rate (CMR), Total Fertility Rate (TFR),
Sex Ratio at Birth and 0-4 age, Institutional deliveries, Medical
Attention before death, etc.
• Under 5 mortality rate also generated from 2008 annually.

7. Sample Registration System (SRS)
• One of the largest demographic household sample survey in
the world
• Sample size determination based on IMR
• 1.3 million households and about 7 million population
• Only panel survey with dual recording
• Panel revised once in 10 years based on the latest available Census frame
Data on SRS
• On the basis of data received from SRS sample units, Annual
Statistical Report based on Sample Registration System are being
released.
• Data on SRS
http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-
Common/Sample_Registration_System.html

8. National Sample Surveys
Organization(NSSO)
• National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO), now known
as National Sample Survey Office, is an organization under
the Ministry of Statistics of the Government of India.
• Largest organization in India conducting regular socio-economic
surveys (like household consumer expenditure,
employment and unemployment, health and medical services
etc).
• Established in 1950

9. National Sample Surveys
Organization(NSSO)
• Topics to be decides in a particular survey round.
• NSSO every year brings out reports on status of estimation of agricultural
production in India.
• Currently 72nd round of survey starts from July 1, covering two important
subjects - domestic tourism expenditure, and household expenditure on
services and durable goods.
Web link:
http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/site/inner.aspx?status=3&menu_id=31

10. Health Surveys
• National Family Health Survey (NFHS)
• Reproductive and Child Health Survey (DLHS-RCH)
• Annual Health Survey (AHS)
• Concurrent Evaluation of NRHM
• Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS)
• Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI)

11. National Family Health Survey
(NFHS)
• NFHS is a large-scale, multi-round survey conducted in a
representative sample of households throughout India
• Three rounds of the survey have been conducted since
• NFHS -1 (1992 – 93)
• NFHS -2 (1998 – 99)
• NFHS -3 (2005 – 06)
• NFHS -4 (2014 – 15) Ongoing

12. National Family Health Survey
(NFHS)
• NFHS has had two specific goals:
• To provide essential data on health and family welfare needed by
the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and other agencies for
policy and programme purposes
• To provide information on important emerging health and family
welfare issues.

13. National Family Health Survey
(NFHS)
• Survey provides state and national information for India on
• Fertility
• Infant and Child mortality
• Practice of family planning
• Maternal and child health
• Reproductive health
• Nutrition & Anemia utilization
• Quality of health and family planning services

14. National Family Health Survey
(NFHS)
• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of
India, designated the International Institute for Population
Sciences(IIPS) Mumbai, as the nodal agency, responsible for
providing coordination and technical guidance for the survey.
• Technical assistance for the NFHS was provided mainly by ORC
Macro (USA) and other organizations on specific issues. The
funding for different rounds of NFHS has been provided by USAID,
DFID, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, UNFPA, and
MOHFW, GOI
• Web link - http://www.rchiips.org/NFHS/index.shtml

15. Reproductive and Child Health
Survey (DLHS-RCH)
• DLHS-RCH is a one of the largest ever demographic and health
surveys carried out in India, with a sample size of about seven
lakh households covering all districts of the country.
• Three rounds of the survey have been conducted since
• RCH -1 (1998 – 99)
• RCH -2 (2002 – 04)
• DLHS -3 (2007 – 08)
• DLHS -4 (2011 – 12) results going to publish coming January 2015

16. Reproductive and Child Health
Survey (DLHS-RCH)
• DLHS-RCH has specific goal:
• To provide district level estimates on health indicators to assist policy
makers and program administrators in decentralized planning, monitoring
and evaluation.

17. Reproductive and Child Health
Survey (DLHS-RCH)
• Survey provides state and national information for India on
• Maternal and child health
• Reproductive health
• Practice of family planning
• Performance of National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
• Accessibility and utilization of health facilities
• Health facility adequacy and performance

18. Reproductive and Child Health
Survey (DLHS-RCH)
• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW),
Government of India, designated the International Institute
for Population Sciences(IIPS) Mumbai, as the nodal agency,
responsible for providing coordination and technical
guidance for the survey.
Web link - http://www.rchiips.org/

19. Annual Health Survey (AHS)
AHS yields a comprehensive, representative dataset on core vital
indicators including composite ones like IMR, MMR and TFR along
with their co-variates (process and outcome indicators) at the
district level changes there in on an annual basis.
Enable direct monitoring of UN Millennium Development Goals on
Child Mortality and Maternal Health at the district(s) level.
Help in identifying high focus districts meriting special attention in
view of stark inter-district variations in these States.
Provide critical inputs to assess the milestones of various
interventions including NRHM and pave the way for evidence
based planning.
Coverage- All the 284 districts of 8 EAG States and Assam.
Web link - http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-common/AHSurvey.html
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20. Concurrent Evaluation of NRHM
• The objective of the Concurrent Evaluation is to assess the reach
of NRHM activities to the rural communities.
• The aim is to get various indicators about implementation of
health care programmes which will be helpful to policy makers
and programme managers in effective implementation of NRHM.
• The concurrent evaluation has been carried out in all States and
UTs covering 197 selected districts in the first round of evaluation.

21. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
(MICS)
Since the mid-1990s, the MICS has enabled many countries to produce
statistically sound and internationally comparable estimates of a range of
indicators in the areas of health, education, child protection and HIV/AIDS.
MICS findings have been used extensively as a basis for policy decisions and
programme interventions, and for the purpose of influencing public opinion
on the situation of children and women around the world.
UNICEF assists countries in collecting and analyzing data in order to fill data
gaps for monitoring the situation of children and women through its
international household survey initiative the Multiple Indicator Cluster
Surveys(MICS).
Countries to better monitor progress toward national goals and global
commitments, including twenty of the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) as the target year 2015 approaches
Web link - http://www.childinfo.org/mics.html

22. Longitudinal Ageing Study in India
(LASI)
• LASI focuses on the health, economic, and social well-being of
India's elderly population. LASI is conceptually comparable to
the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in the United States.
• Technical support by IIPS Mumbai, Harvard School of Public
Health and RAND Corporation

23. Thank you….