Deltaic systems form where rivers enter standing bodies of water. They include a mixture of fluvial and marine processes. Deltas can be recognized by thick accumulations of terrigenous sediment that interfinger with fluvial deposits inland and marine deposits basinward. As river flow enters standing water, it loses velocity and deposits coarse material in channel-mouth bars, diverting multiple smaller channels that build the delta outward. Estuarine systems form in drowned river valleys during marine transgression or early regression, and are dominated by fluvial and tidal processes on a smaller scale than deltas.
Process of Transport and Generation of Sedimentary StructuresAkshayRaut51
sedimentary structures ,sedimentary rocks ,weathering and erosion ,sediment transport mechanism ,hjulstrom curve ,types of flow of sediments ,reynold number ,froude number ,laminations ,bedding plane ,cross bedding ,herringbone structure ,ripple marks ,graded bedding ,sole marks ,mud cracks ,ball and pillow structures ,stylolites ,concretion ,nodules
Sedimentary basins are the depressions in the earth's crust where loose particles accumulate and finally lithified to form sedimentary rocks. Basins are particularly attractive to geoscientists from time immemorial due to the wealth hidden here in the form of oil, gas, coal etc. In this document you will find the types of basins, basin-fill types, methods of basin analysis and so on.
Process of Transport and Generation of Sedimentary StructuresAkshayRaut51
sedimentary structures ,sedimentary rocks ,weathering and erosion ,sediment transport mechanism ,hjulstrom curve ,types of flow of sediments ,reynold number ,froude number ,laminations ,bedding plane ,cross bedding ,herringbone structure ,ripple marks ,graded bedding ,sole marks ,mud cracks ,ball and pillow structures ,stylolites ,concretion ,nodules
Sedimentary basins are the depressions in the earth's crust where loose particles accumulate and finally lithified to form sedimentary rocks. Basins are particularly attractive to geoscientists from time immemorial due to the wealth hidden here in the form of oil, gas, coal etc. In this document you will find the types of basins, basin-fill types, methods of basin analysis and so on.
LGC field course in the Book Cliffs, UT: Presentation 14 of 14 (Thompson Cany...William W. Little
Preview presentation on the Desert Member of the Blackhawk Formation and the Castigate Sandstone in Thompson Canyon for a professional field course titled: THE BOOK CLIFFS: A CASE STUDY IN COASTAL SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, offered annually through W.W. LITTLE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING (also offered by SCA). See details at: HTTP://LITTLEWW.WORDPRESS.COM.
Classification of Deltas. Deltas are a good sink/reservoir for Hydrocarbons; they also important Ecotones for various forms of living organisms. Presented here are the mechanisms responsible for shaping of deltas around the world.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: HYDROLOGY AND FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY - 1.3 RI...George Dumitrache
A presentation of the third subchapter (River Channel Processes) from the first chapter (Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology) of Revision for Geography AS Cambridge exam.
LGC field course in the Book Cliffs, UT: Presentation 13 of 14 (Blue Castle B...William W. Little
Preview presentation on the Kenilworth through Desert Members of the Blackhawk Formation and the Castlegate Sandstone from the Blue Castle Butte area to Gunnison Butte for a professional field course titled: THE BOOK CLIFFS: A CASE STUDY IN COASTAL SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, offered annually through W.W. LITTLE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING (also offered by SCA). See details at: HTTP://LITTLEWW.WORDPRESS.COM.
LGC field course in the Book Cliffs, UT: Presentation 11 of 14 (Woodside Cany...William W. Little
Preview presentation on the Sunnyside Member of the Blackhawk Formation in Woodside Canyon for a professional field course titled: THE BOOK CLIFFS: A CASE STUDY IN COASTAL SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, offered annually through W.W. LITTLE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING (also offered by SCA). See details at: HTTP://LITTLEWW.WORDPRESS.COM.
LGC field course in the Book Cliffs, UT: Presentation 10 of 14 (Woodside Cany...William W. Little
Preview presentation on the Kenilworth Member of the Blackhawk Formation in Woodside Canyon for a professional field course titled: THE BOOK CLIFFS: A CASE STUDY IN COASTAL SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, offered annually through W.W. LITTLE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING (also offered by SCA). See details at: HTTP://LITTLEWW.WORDPRESS.COM.
LGC field course in the Book Cliffs, UT: Presentation 9 of 14 (Coal Creek & S...William W. Little
Preview presentation on the Aberdeen Member of the Blackhawk Formation in Coal Creek and Soldier Canyons for a professional field course titled: THE BOOK CLIFFS: A CASE STUDY IN COASTAL SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, offered annually through W.W. LITTLE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING (also offered by SCA). See details at: HTTP://LITTLEWW.WORDPRESS.COM.
LGC field course in the Book Cliffs, UT: Presentation 7 of 14 (Spring Canyon ...William W. Little
Preview presentation on the Spring Canyon Member of the Blackhawk Formation in Spring Canyon and Sowbelly Gulch for a professional field course titled: THE BOOK CLIFFS: A CASE STUDY IN COASTAL SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, offered annually through W.W. LITTLE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING (also offered by SCA). See details at: HTTP://LITTLEWW.WORDPRESS.COM.
LGC field course in the Book Cliffs, UT: Presentation 5 of 14 (Gentile Wash -...William W. Little
Preview presentation on the Storrs Member of the Star Point Sandstone in Spring Canyon and the Spring Canyon Member of the Blackhawk Formation for a professional field course titled: THE BOOK CLIFFS: A CASE STUDY IN COASTAL SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, offered annually through W.W. LITTLE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING (also offered by SCA). See details at: HTTP://LITTLEWW.WORDPRESS.COM.
LGC field course in the Book Cliffs, UT: Presentation 4 of 14 (Spring Canyon ...William W. Little
Preview presentation on the Panther Tongue of the Star Point Sandstone in Spring Canyon for a professional field course titled: THE BOOK CLIFFS: A CASE STUDY IN COASTAL SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, offered annually through W.W. LITTLE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING (also offered by SCA). See details at: HTTP://LITTLEWW.WORDPRESS.COM.
LGC field course in the Book Cliffs, UT: Presentation 3 of 14 (Gentile Wash -...William W. Little
Preview presentation on the Panther Tongue of the Star Point Sandstone in Gentile Wash for a professional field course titled: THE BOOK CLIFFS: A CASE STUDY IN COASTAL SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, offered annually through W.W. LITTLE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING (also offered by SCA). See details at: HTTP://LITTLEWW.WORDPRESS.COM.
LGC field course in the Book Cliffs, UT: Presentation 2 of 14 (Stratigraphic ...William W. Little
Stratigraphic overview for a professional field course titled: THE BOOK CLIFFS: A CASE STUDY IN COASTAL SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, offered annually through W.W. LITTLE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING (also offered by SCA). See details at: HTTP://LITTLEWW.WORDPRESS.COM.
LGC field course in the Book Cliffs, UT: Presentation 1 of 14 (Principles of ...William W. Little
Introductory presentation for a professional field course titled: THE BOOK CLIFFS: A CASE STUDY IN COASTAL SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, offered annually through W.W. LITTLE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING (also offered by SCA). See details at: HTTP://LITTLEWW.WORDPRESS.COM.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
1. Deltaic Systems
epod.usra.edu/archive/images/modis1000192.jpg
Deltas are highly complex systems that form where a river enters a
standing body of water and include a mixture of both fluvial and
marine processes. Nearly all the facies associated with meandering
and anastomosed river systems and with beach, barrier island, and
tidal systems can be found within deltas.
2. Coastal Depositional Systems
A variety of depositional systems are found along a shoreline. Their
distribution, geometry, and extent are determined by proximity to a
sediment source, sediment abundance, energy conditions, and
fluctuations in base-level.
This lecture focuses on
deltaic and estuarine
systems, which are
produced during regressive
and transgressive
conditions, respectively.
3.
4.
5. Isopach PatternIsopach Pattern
Deltas can be recognized in part by a thick, relatively restricted
accumulation of terrigenous sediment that interfingers with fluvial
deposits in a landward direction and marine systems toward the
basin.
6. Channel BifurcationChannel Bifurcation
As fluvial flow enters a standing body of water, it rapidly loses
velocity, decreasing its capacity to transport sediment. The coarsest
material is deposited in mid-channel, forming a channel-mouth bar.
Flow diverts around the bar, depositing additional sediment in the
form of channel margin bars or levees. The process repeats for
increasingly numerous, but smaller, channels as the delta advances
basinward.
11. Splay DevelopmentSplay Development
Splays are particularly common in deltaic settings, forming as
smaller deltas within flooded areas adjacent to major channels.
Splay growth is the primary process for filling the space between
distributary channels in fluvially-dominated deltas.
12.
13.
14. Homopycnal FlowHomopycnal Flow
If stream flow density is equal to that of the basin, the two mix
thoroughly, leading to rapid deposition of both coarse- and fine-grained
sediment, producing Gilbert-type deltas. This is typical of delta-
building into freshwater lakes.
17. Hyperpycnal FlowHyperpycnal Flow
If stream flow density is greater than that of the basin, the flow remains
in contact with the basin floor, eroding the previous surface and
forming turbidite-like deposits. This can occur where cold, sediment-
laden water flows into a warm, clear lake or ocean.
18. Hypopycnal FlowHypopycnal Flow
If stream flow density is less than that of the basin, after dropping the
coarse load fraction, fine sediment spreads like a blanket across the sea
surface, slowly settling to the sea floor. This is the typical condition for
the generation of most marine deltas.
23. Simplified Models
Deltaic systems are typically subdivided into three major facies
associations: subaerial plain (fluvial), delta front (shoreface & tidal),
and prodelta (marine).
25. Photo by W. W. Little
Delta plain (delta top, topset beds): subaerial portion of the delta
• Upper Delta Plain (above high tide)
– Fluvial (mostly meandering) channels
– Splays
– Swamps and marshes
• Lower Delta Plain (between low and high tides)
– Tidal deposits
– Distributary channels and levees
– Interdistributary splays
Delta front (delta margin, foreset beds): coastal portion of the delta
• Focus of active deltaic progradation)
• Distributary-mouth bars
• Beaches and barrier islands
• Tidal bars
• Bays
Prodelta (delta front, bottomset beds): deep water portion of delta
• Below wave/tide base
• Quiet water deposition by suspension settling
• Turbidity flows
• Slumping
Deltaic Sub-systems
27. Delta Classification (morphology)Delta Classification (morphology)
Delta front morphology is determined by a balance between fluvial
input and reworking by waves and tides. The relative contribution of
these three factors leads to classification as river-, wave-, or tide-
dominated.
Constructional
Destructional
28. River-dominated Delta MorphologyRiver-dominated Delta Morphology
River-dominated deltas have irregular shorelines that extend
significantly away from the general shoreline into the basin. In some
cases, distributaries will prograde as finger-like extensions. Conditions
that favor river-dominated deltas include high fluvial discharge and
sediment load, low wave and tide activity, and a shallow basin.
29.
30. River-dominated Deltaic Facies ModelRiver-dominated Deltaic Facies Model
River-dominated deltaic facies coarsen-upward from offshore and
prodelta mud through distributary and beach or barrier sand to mixed
fluvial and splay deposits.
31.
32.
33. Wave-dominated Delta MorphologyWave-dominated Delta Morphology
Wave-dominated deltas have relatively straight shorelines that extend
slightly to moderately away from the general shoreline into the basin. In
some cases, distributaries are mostly restricted to the major delta plain,
and the delta front is dominated by beach ride progradation. Conditions
that favor wave-dominated deltas include low fluvial discharge and
sediment load, high wave and low tide activity, and a deep basin.
39. Wave-dominated Deltaic Facies ModelWave-dominated Deltaic Facies Model
Wave-dominated deltaic facies coarsen-upward from offshore and
prodelta mud through distributary and beach or barrier sand mixed
with lagoonal, washover, and tidal deposits.
44. Tide-dominated Delta MorphologyTide-dominated Delta Morphology
Tide-dominated deltas form highly irregular shorelines that extend slightly to
moderately away from the general shoreline into the basin. Distributaries tend
to be numerous, wide, irregular in shape, and cover most of the delta plain. The
delta front is dominated by tidal bars oriented perpendicular to the shoreline.
Conditions that favor tide-dominated deltas include low fluvial discharge and
sediment load, high tide, low to moderate wave activity, an embayed coast, and
a shallow basin.
50. Tide-dominated Deltaic Facies ModelTide-dominated Deltaic Facies Model
Tide-dominated deltaic facies coarsen-upward from offshore and
prodelta mud to sandy distributary and tidal bar deposits.
56. Storm ImpactStorm Impact
Large storms, such as hurricanes can greatly impact delta front
depositonal patterns, producing diastems between aggradational
packages.
57. Delta Lobe SwitchingDelta Lobe Switching
As distributaries prograde basinward, channel gradient decreases. Once
the gradient reaches zero, the stream can no longer flow. The typical
response of a distributary is to avulse and find a shorter, steeper route to
the sea, shifting the focus of deposition and abandoning one delta “lobe”
to begin another. The abandoned lobe continues to compact and subside
and to be reworked by wave and tidal forces. Therefore, both
transgression and regression occur simultaneously in adjacent parts of
the same delta.
58.
59. Estuarine Systems
Estuarine systems are deltaic systems that form within drowned
river valleys during the latter stages of marine transgression into
early stages of regression. They are smaller in scale than deltas and
tend to be dominated by a mixture of fluvial and tidal processes.
60. GEOL 553 - Introduction to
Facies Models - Kendall